A micromachined electrical field-flow fractionation (μ-EFFF) system

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 45, Issue 12, 1998, Pages 1459-1469

  Gale, Bruce K ^a   Caldwell, Karin D ^b   Bruno Frazier, A ^c  

^a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Biocompatibility; Colloid; Emulsions; Field flow fractionation; Microchannels; Microfluid flow; Micromachined separation system

Indexed keywords

BIOCOMPATIBILITY; COLLOIDS; ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECTS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EMULSIONS; FRACTIONATION; MICROMACHINING; MINIATURE INSTRUMENTS; SEPARATORS;

ELECTRICAL FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION (EFFF) SYSTEM; MICROMACHINED SEPARATOR SYSTEM;

ELECTRONIC MEDICAL EQUIPMENT;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; CELL SEPARATION; COLLOID; ELECTRIC FIELD; ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; FLOW KINETICS; FRACTIONATION; INSTRUMENTATION; PROTEIN DENATURATION;

EID: 0032401806     PISSN: 00189294     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/10.730439     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. K. D. Caldwell, "FFF of biological materials," in Research Instrumentation for the 21 st Century, G. Beecher, Ed. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987, pp. 89-116.
2. M. C. Roman and P. R. Brown, "Free-flow electrophoresis as a preparative separation technique," Anal. Chem., vol. 66, pp. 86A-94A, Jan. 15, 1994.
3. K. D. Caldwell, L. F. Kesner, M. N. Meyers, and J. C. Giddings, "Electrical field-flow fractionation of proteins," Science, vol. 176, pp. 296-298, 1972.
4. C. S. Effenhauser, A. Manz, and M. H. Widmer, "Glass chips for highspeed capillary electrophoresis separations with submicrometer plate heights," Anal. Chem., vol. 65, pp. 2637-2642, 1993.
5. C. S. Effenhauser, A. Paulus, and A. Manz, "High-speed separation of antisense oligonucleotides on a micromachined capillary electrophoresis device," Anal. Chem., vol. 66, pp. 2949-2953, 1994.
6. S. C. Jacobson, A. W. Moore, and J. M. Ramsey, "Fused quartz substrates for microchip electrophoresis," Anal. Chem., vol. 67, pp. 2059-2063, 1995.
7. A. T. Woolley and R. A. Mathies, "Ultra-high-speed DNA sequencing using capillary electrophoresis chips," Anal. Chem., vol. 67, pp. 3676-3680, 1995.
8. D. E. Raymond, A. Manz, and H. M. Widmer, "Continuous sample pretreatment using a free-flow electrophoresis device integrated onto a silicon chip," Anal. Chem., vol. 66, pp. 2858-2865, 1994.
9. "Continuous separation of high molecular weight compounds using a microliter volume free-flow electrophoresis microstructure," Anal. Chem., vol. 68, pp. 2515-2522, 1996.
10. G. Ocvirk, E. Verpoorte, A. Manz, and H. M. Widmer, "Integration of a micro liquid Chromatograph on to a silicon chip," in Proc., p. 191.
11. S. C. Terry, J. H. Jerman, and J. B. Angell, "Gas-chromatographic air analyzer fabricated on silicon wafer," IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, vol. ED-26, pp. 1880-1886, 1979.
12. S. J. Doherty and W. L. Winniford, "Rapid on-line analysis using a micromachined gas Chromatograph coupled to a bench-top quadrupole mass spectrometer," LC-GC, vol. 12, pp. 846-850, 1994.
13. R. A. Mowery, "Determining the calorific value of natural gas using a silicon micromachined process gas Chromatographie analyzer," ISA Trans., vol. 25, pp. 1-9, 1986.
14. A. W. Moore, S. C. Jacobson, and J. M. Ramsey, "Microchip separations of neutral species via micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography," Anal. Chem., vol. 67, pp. 4184-489, 1995.
15. J. C. Giddings, "Non-equilibrium theory of field-flow fractionation," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 49, pp. 81-85, July 1, 1968.
16. "Parameters for optimum separations in field-flow fractionation," Sep. Sci. vol. 8, pp. 567-575, 1973.
17. "Field-flow fractionation: Extending the range of liquid chromatography to one trillion (1012)," J. Chromatogr., vol. 125, pp. 3-16, 1976.
18. J. C. Giddings and K. D. Caldwell, "Field flow fractionation," in Physical Methods of Chemistry, vol. IIIB, B. W. Rossiter and J. F. Hamilton, Eds. New York: Wiley, 1989.
19. J. C. Giddings and M. R. Schure, "Theoretical analysis of edge effects in field-flow fractionation," Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 42, pp. 1471-1479, 1987.
20. M. E. Hovingh, G. H. Thompson, and J. C. Giddings, "Column parameters in thermal field-flow fractionation," Anal. Chem., vol. 42, pp. 195-203, Feb. 1970.
21. A.. S. Said, Theory and Mathematics of Chromatography. Heidelberg,: Huethig, 1981.
22. K. D. Caldwell and Y. S. Gao, "Electrical field-flow fractionation in particle separation. Monodisperse standards," Anal. Chem., vol. 65, pp. 1764-1772, July 1, 1993.
23. P. H. Wiersema, A. L. Loeb, and J. T. G. Overbeek, "Electrophoretic mobility of a spherical colloidal particle," J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 22, pp. 78-99, 1966.
24. R. W. O'Brien and L. R. White, "Electrophoretic mobility of a spherical colloidal particle," J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, vol. 74, pp. 1607-1626, 1978.
25. X. N. Jiang, Z. Y. Zhou, J. Yao, Y. Li, and X. Y. Ye, "Microfluid flow in microchannel," in Proc. Transducers'95, pp. 317-320.
26. J. P. Brody and P. Yager, "Low reynolds number micro-fluidic devices," in Proc. Solid-State Senors and Actuator Workshop, 1996, pp. 105-108.
27. A. C. Hoogerwerf and K. D. Wise, "A three-dimensional microelectrode array for chronic neural recording," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 41, pp. 1138-1146, 1994.
28. D. S. Soane, Polymers in Microelectronics. New York: Elsevier, 1989, pp. 15-211.
29. A. B. Frazier and M. G. Allen, "Metallic microstructures fabricated using photosensitive polyimide electroplating molds," J. Microelectromech. Syst., vol. 2, pp. 87-94, 1993.
30. G. Peluso, O. Petillo, L. Ambrosio, and L. Nicolais, "Polyetherimide as biomaterial: Preliminary in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility testing," J. Mat. Sci.: Materials in Medicine, vol. 5, pp. 738-742, 1994.
31. T. G. H. Yuen and W. F. Agnew, "Histological evaluation of polyesterimide-insulated gold wires in brain," Biomat., vol. 16, pp. 951-956, 1995.
32. E. Csoregi, D. Schmidtke, and A. Heller, "Design and optimization of a selective subcutaneously implantable glucose electrode based on wired glucose oxidase," Anal. Chem., vol. 67, pp. 1240-1244, Apr. 1, 1995.
33. D. L. Wang and A. Heller, "Miniaturized flexible amperometric lactate probe," Anal. Chem., vol. 65, pp. 1069-1073, Apr. 15, 1993.
34. R. R. Richardson, J. A. Miller, and W. M. Reichert, "Polyimides as biomaterials: Preliminary biocompatibility testing," Biomat., vol. 14, pp. 627-635, 1993.
35. J. B. Park and R. Lakes, Biomaterials: An Introduction, 2nd ed. New York: Plenum, 1992.
36. J. Black, Biological Performance of Materials: Fundamentals of Biocompatibility, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel-Dekker, 1992.
37. X. M. Tong and K. D. Caldwell, "Separation and characterization of red blood cells with different membrane deformability using steric field-flow fractionation," J. Chromatogr. B: Biomed. Appl., vol. 674, pp. 39-47, 1995.
38. B. K. Gale, A. B. Frazier, and K. D. Caldwell, "Micromachined electrical field-flow fractionation system," in Proc. MEMS'97, pp. 119-124.
39. H. Siedel, L. Csepregi, and A. Heuberger, "Anisotropie etching of crystalline silicon in alkaline solutions," J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 37, pp. 3612-3620, 1990.