메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1400, Issue 1-3, 1998, Pages 63-81

Investigating the biological functions of DNA topoisomerases in eukaryotic cells

Author keywords

Chromosome condensation; Gene disruption; Mitosis; Topoisomerase; Transcription

Indexed keywords

DNA TOPOISOMERASE;

EID: 0032189942     PISSN: 01674781     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-4781(98)00128-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (321)

References (145)
  • 1
    • 0022164920 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerases: Nature's solution to the topological ramifications of the double-helix structure of DNA
    • Wang J.C. DNA topoisomerases: nature's solution to the topological ramifications of the double-helix structure of DNA. Harvey Lect. 81:1985;93-110.
    • (1985) Harvey Lect. , vol.81 , pp. 93-110
    • Wang, J.C.1
  • 2
    • 0030014783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerases
    • Wang J.C. DNA topoisomerases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65:1996;635-692.
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.65 , pp. 635-692
    • Wang, J.C.1
  • 3
    • 0028697603 scopus 로고
    • Roles of DNA topoisomerases in chromosomal replication and segregation
    • Nitiss J.L. Roles of DNA topoisomerases in chromosomal replication and segregation. Adv. Pharmacol. 29:1994;103-134.
    • (1994) Adv. Pharmacol. , vol.29 , pp. 103-134
    • Nitiss, J.L.1
  • 4
    • 0028711871 scopus 로고
    • Roles of DNA topoisomerases in transcription
    • Drolet M., Wu H.Y., Liu L.F. Roles of DNA topoisomerases in transcription. Adv. Pharmacol. 29:1994;135-146.
    • (1994) Adv. Pharmacol. , vol.29 , pp. 135-146
    • Drolet, M.1    Wu, H.Y.2    Liu, L.F.3
  • 5
    • 0028314257 scopus 로고
    • Transcription, topoisomerases and recombination
    • Gangloff S., Lieber M.R., Rothstein R. Transcription, topoisomerases and recombination. Experientia. 50:1994;261-269.
    • (1994) Experientia , vol.50 , pp. 261-269
    • Gangloff, S.1    Lieber, M.R.2    Rothstein, R.3
  • 6
    • 0029144134 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase poisons: Harnessing the dark side of enzyme mechanism
    • Froelich-Ammon S.J., Osheroff N. Topoisomerase poisons: harnessing the dark side of enzyme mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;21429-21432.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 21429-21432
    • Froelich-Ammon, S.J.1    Osheroff, N.2
  • 7
    • 0021185946 scopus 로고
    • Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene
    • Goto T., Wang J.C. Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene. Cell. 36:1984;1073-1080.
    • (1984) Cell , vol.36 , pp. 1073-1080
    • Goto, T.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 8
    • 0022400533 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerase II is required at the time of mitosis in yeast
    • Holm C., Goto T., Wang J.C., Botstein D. DNA topoisomerase II is required at the time of mitosis in yeast. Cell. 41:1985;553-563.
    • (1985) Cell , vol.41 , pp. 553-563
    • Holm, C.1    Goto, T.2    Wang, J.C.3    Botstein, D.4
  • 9
    • 0022595966 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and genetic mapping of the DNA topoisomerase II gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Voelkel-Meiman K., DiNardo S., Sternglanz R. Molecular cloning and genetic mapping of the DNA topoisomerase II gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 42:1986;193-199.
    • (1986) Gene , vol.42 , pp. 193-199
    • Voelkel-Meiman, K.1    Dinardo, S.2    Sternglanz, R.3
  • 10
    • 0009543358 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of type I and II DNA topoisomerase mutants from fission yeast: Single and double mutants show different phenotypes in cell growth and chromatin organization
    • Uemura T., Yanagida M. Isolation of type I and II DNA topoisomerase mutants from fission yeast: single and double mutants show different phenotypes in cell growth and chromatin organization. EMBO J. 3:1984;1737-1744.
    • (1984) EMBO J. , vol.3 , pp. 1737-1744
    • Uemura, T.1    Yanagida, M.2
  • 11
    • 0022342251 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of yeast TOP1, the gene encoding DNA topoisomerase I, and construction of mutants defective in both DNA topoisomerase I and DNA topoisomerase II
    • Goto T., Wang J.C. Cloning of yeast TOP1, the gene encoding DNA topoisomerase I, and construction of mutants defective in both DNA topoisomerase I and DNA topoisomerase II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82:1985;7178-7182.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 7178-7182
    • Goto, T.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 12
    • 0024324482 scopus 로고
    • A hyper-recombination mutation in S. cerevisiae identifies a novel eukaryotic topoisomerase
    • Wallis J.W., Chrebet G., Brodsky G., Rolfe M., Rothstein R. A hyper-recombination mutation in S. cerevisiae identifies a novel eukaryotic topoisomerase. Cell. 58:1989;409-419.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.58 , pp. 409-419
    • Wallis, J.W.1    Chrebet, G.2    Brodsky, G.3    Rolfe, M.4    Rothstein, R.5
  • 13
    • 0023639882 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerase activity is required as a swivel for DNA replication and for ribosomal RNA transcription
    • S.J. Brill, S. DiNardo, K. Voelkel-Meiman, R. Sternglanz, DNA topoisomerase activity is required as a swivel for DNA replication and for ribosomal RNA transcription, NCI Monogr. (1987) 11-15.
    • (1987) NCI Monogr. , pp. 11-15
    • Brill, S.J.1    Dinardo, S.2    Voelkel-Meiman, K.3    Sternglanz, R.4
  • 14
    • 0030987132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An atypical topoisomerase II from Archaea with implications for meiotic recombination (see comments)
    • Bergerat A., de Massy B., Gadelle D., Varoutas P.C., Nicolas A., Forterre P. An atypical topoisomerase II from Archaea with implications for meiotic recombination (see comments). Nature. 386:1997;414-417.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 414-417
    • Bergerat, A.1    De Massy, B.2    Gadelle, D.3    Varoutas, P.C.4    Nicolas, A.5    Forterre, P.6
  • 15
    • 0030893115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meiosis-specific DNA double-strand breaks are catalyzed by Spo11, a member of a widely conserved protein family
    • Keeney S., Giroux C.N., Kleckner N. Meiosis-specific DNA double-strand breaks are catalyzed by Spo11, a member of a widely conserved protein family. Cell. 88:1997;375-384.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 375-384
    • Keeney, S.1    Giroux, C.N.2    Kleckner, N.3
  • 16
    • 0029991160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDNA cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of Caenorhabditis elegans DNA topoisomerase I
    • Kim J., Kim Y.C., Lee J.H., Jang Y.J., Chung I.K., Koo H.S. cDNA cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of Caenorhabditis elegans DNA topoisomerase I. Eur. J. Biochem. 237:1996;367-372.
    • (1996) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.237 , pp. 367-372
    • Kim, J.1    Kim, Y.C.2    Lee, J.H.3    Jang, Y.J.4    Chung, I.K.5    Koo, H.S.6
  • 17
    • 0027483535 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the mouse cDNA encoding DNA topoisomerase I and chromosomal location of the gene
    • Koiwai O., Yasui Y., Sakai Y., Watanabe T., Ishii K., Yanagihara S., Andoh T. Cloning of the mouse cDNA encoding DNA topoisomerase I and chromosomal location of the gene. Gene. 125:1993;211-216.
    • (1993) Gene , vol.125 , pp. 211-216
    • Koiwai, O.1    Yasui, Y.2    Sakai, Y.3    Watanabe, T.4    Ishii, K.5    Yanagihara, S.6    Andoh, T.7
  • 18
    • 0029811372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of the gene for the somatic form of DNA topoisomerase I from Xenopus laevis
    • Pandit S.D., Richard R.E., Sternglanz R., Bogenhagen D.F. Cloning and characterization of the gene for the somatic form of DNA topoisomerase I from Xenopus laevis. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1996;3593-3600.
    • (1996) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.24 , pp. 3593-3600
    • Pandit, S.D.1    Richard, R.E.2    Sternglanz, R.3    Bogenhagen, D.F.4
  • 19
    • 0027102355 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of a gene encoding DNA topoisomerase I in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Hsieh T.S., Brown S.D., Huang P., Fostel J. Isolation and characterization of a gene encoding DNA topoisomerase I in Drosophila melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:1992;6177-6182.
    • (1992) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.20 , pp. 6177-6182
    • Hsieh, T.S.1    Brown, S.D.2    Huang, P.3    Fostel, J.4
  • 22
    • 0024821318 scopus 로고
    • Localization of the active type I DNA topoisomerase gene on human chromosome 20q11.2-13.1, and two pseudogenes on chromosomes 1q23-24 and 22q11.2-13.1
    • Kunze N., Yang G.C., Jiang Z.Y., Hameister H., Adolph S., Wiedorn K.H., Richter A., Knippers R. Localization of the active type I DNA topoisomerase gene on human chromosome 20q11.2-13.1, and two pseudogenes on chromosomes 1q23-24 and 22q11.2-13.1. Hum. Genet. 84:1989;6-10.
    • (1989) Hum. Genet. , vol.84 , pp. 6-10
    • Kunze, N.1    Yang, G.C.2    Jiang, Z.Y.3    Hameister, H.4    Adolph, S.5    Wiedorn, K.H.6    Richter, A.7    Knippers, R.8
  • 23
    • 0027516123 scopus 로고
    • Novel HeLa topoisomerase II is the II beta isoform: Complete coding sequence and homology with other type II topoisomerases
    • Austin C.A., Sng J.H., Patel S., Fisher L.M. Novel HeLa topoisomerase II is the II beta isoform: complete coding sequence and homology with other type II topoisomerases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1172:1993;283-291.
    • (1993) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1172 , pp. 283-291
    • Austin, C.A.1    Sng, J.H.2    Patel, S.3    Fisher, L.M.4
  • 24
    • 0026694667 scopus 로고
    • The 180-kDa isoform of topoisomerase II is localized in the nucleolus and belongs to the structural elements of the nucleolar remnant
    • Zini N., Martelli A.M., Sabatelli P., Santi S., Negri C., Astaldi Ricotti G.C., Maraldi N.M. The 180-kDa isoform of topoisomerase II is localized in the nucleolus and belongs to the structural elements of the nucleolar remnant. Exp. Cell Res. 200:1992;460-466.
    • (1992) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.200 , pp. 460-466
    • Zini, N.1    Martelli, A.M.2    Sabatelli, P.3    Santi, S.4    Negri, C.5    Astaldi Ricotti, G.C.6    Maraldi, N.M.7
  • 25
    • 0029072779 scopus 로고
    • Expression, domain structure, and enzymatic properties of an active recombinant human DNA topoisomerase II beta
    • Austin C.A., Marsh K.L., Wasserman R.A., Willmore E., Sayer P.J., Wang J.C., Fisher L.M. Expression, domain structure, and enzymatic properties of an active recombinant human DNA topoisomerase II beta. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;15739-15746.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 15739-15746
    • Austin, C.A.1    Marsh, K.L.2    Wasserman, R.A.3    Willmore, E.4    Sayer, P.J.5    Wang, J.C.6    Fisher, L.M.7
  • 26
    • 0026795617 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the yeast TOP3 gene product as a single strand-specific DNA topoisomerase
    • Kim R.A., Wang J.C. Identification of the yeast TOP3 gene product as a single strand-specific DNA topoisomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 267:1992;17178-17185.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 17178-17185
    • Kim, R.A.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 27
    • 0023712287 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a potent decatenating enzyme from Escherichia coli
    • DiGate R.J., Marians K.J. Identification of a potent decatenating enzyme from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 263:1988;13366-13373.
    • (1988) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.263 , pp. 13366-13373
    • Digate, R.J.1    Marians, K.J.2
  • 29
    • 0040013784 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding Drosophila DNA topoisomerase II
    • Nolan J.M., Lee M.P., Wyckoff E., Hsieh T.S. Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding Drosophila DNA topoisomerase II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;3664-3668.
    • (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , pp. 3664-3668
    • Nolan, J.M.1    Lee, M.P.2    Wyckoff, E.3    Hsieh, T.S.4
  • 30
    • 0023626508 scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetic analysis of topoisomerase II gene from Drosophila melanogaster
    • T.S. Hsieh, M.P. Lee, J.M. Nolan, E. Wyckoff, Molecular genetic analysis of topoisomerase II gene from Drosophila melanogaster, NCI Monogr. (1987) 7-10.
    • (1987) NCI Monogr. , pp. 7-10
    • Hsieh, T.S.1    Lee, M.P.2    Nolan, J.M.3    Wyckoff, E.4
  • 31
    • 0023681467 scopus 로고
    • Functional expression of a Drosophila gene in yeast: Genetic complementation of DNA topoisomerase II
    • Wyckoff E., Hsieh T.S. Functional expression of a Drosophila gene in yeast: genetic complementation of DNA topoisomerase II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;6272-6276.
    • (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.85 , pp. 6272-6276
    • Wyckoff, E.1    Hsieh, T.S.2
  • 32
    • 0029912651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the mouse topoisomerase I gene by camptothecin selection
    • Morham S.G., Kluckman K.D., Voulomanos N., Smithies O. Targeted disruption of the mouse topoisomerase I gene by camptothecin selection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;6804-6809.
    • (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 6804-6809
    • Morham, S.G.1    Kluckman, K.D.2    Voulomanos, N.3    Smithies, O.4
  • 33
    • 0022896243 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase II: A specific marker for cell proliferation
    • Heck M.M., Earnshaw W.C. Topoisomerase II: a specific marker for cell proliferation. J. Cell Biol. 103:1986;2569-2581.
    • (1986) J. Cell Biol. , vol.103 , pp. 2569-2581
    • Heck, M.M.1    Earnshaw, W.C.2
  • 34
    • 0000266944 scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of DNA topoisomerases I and II during the eukaryotic cell cycle
    • Heck M.M., Hittelman W.N., Earnshaw W.C. Differential expression of DNA topoisomerases I and II during the eukaryotic cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;1086-1090.
    • (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.85 , pp. 1086-1090
    • Heck, M.M.1    Hittelman, W.N.2    Earnshaw, W.C.3
  • 35
    • 0032477804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian DNA topoisomerase IIIalpha is essential in early embryogenesis
    • Li W., Wang J.C. Mammalian DNA topoisomerase IIIalpha is essential in early embryogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;1010-1013.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 1010-1013
    • Li, W.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 36
    • 0029002965 scopus 로고
    • Sgs1: A eukaryotic homolog of E. coli RecQ that interacts with topoisomerase II in vivo and is required for faithful chromosome segregation
    • Watt P.M., Louis E.J., Borts R.H., Hickson I.D. Sgs1: a eukaryotic homolog of E. coli RecQ that interacts with topoisomerase II in vivo and is required for faithful chromosome segregation. Cell. 81:1995;253-260.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 253-260
    • Watt, P.M.1    Louis, E.J.2    Borts, R.H.3    Hickson, I.D.4
  • 37
    • 0028033989 scopus 로고
    • The yeast type I topoisomerase Top3 interacts with Sgs1, a DNA helicase homolog: A potential eukaryotic reverse gyrase
    • Gangloff S., McDonald J.P., Bendixen C., Arthur L., Rothstein R. The yeast type I topoisomerase Top3 interacts with Sgs1, a DNA helicase homolog: a potential eukaryotic reverse gyrase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1994;8391-8398.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 8391-8398
    • Gangloff, S.1    McDonald, J.P.2    Bendixen, C.3    Arthur, L.4    Rothstein, R.5
  • 38
    • 0025891758 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and biochemical aspects of Bloom's syndrome
    • Nicotera T.M. Molecular and biochemical aspects of Bloom's syndrome. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 53:1991;1-13.
    • (1991) Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. , vol.53 , pp. 1-13
    • Nicotera, T.M.1
  • 40
    • 0029657781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SGS1, a homologue of the Bloom's and Werner's syndrome genes, is required for maintenance of genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Watt P.M., Hickson I.D., Borts R.H., Louis E.J. SGS1, a homologue of the Bloom's and Werner's syndrome genes, is required for maintenance of genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 144:1996;935-945.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.144 , pp. 935-945
    • Watt, P.M.1    Hickson, I.D.2    Borts, R.H.3    Louis, E.J.4
  • 41
    • 0026023376 scopus 로고
    • ATP-dependent partitioning of the DNA template into supercoiled domains by Escherichia coli UvrAB
    • Koo H.S., Claassen L., Grossman L., Liu L.F. ATP-dependent partitioning of the DNA template into supercoiled domains by Escherichia coli UvrAB. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;1212-1216.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 1212-1216
    • Koo, H.S.1    Claassen, L.2    Grossman, L.3    Liu, L.F.4
  • 42
    • 0007446606 scopus 로고
    • Template supercoiling during ATP-dependent DNA helix tracking: Studies with simian virus 40 large tumor antigen
    • Yang L., Jessee C.B., Lau K., Zhang H., Liu L.F. Template supercoiling during ATP-dependent DNA helix tracking: studies with simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:1989;6121-6125.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 6121-6125
    • Yang, L.1    Jessee, C.B.2    Lau, K.3    Zhang, H.4    Liu, L.F.5
  • 43
    • 0027159512 scopus 로고
    • Reverse gyrase: A helicase-like domain and a type I topoisomerase in the same polypeptide (published erratum appears in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Apr. 12;91(8) (1994) 3478)
    • Confalonieri F., Elie C., Nadal M., de La Tour C., Forterre P., Duguet M. Reverse gyrase: a helicase-like domain and a type I topoisomerase in the same polypeptide (published erratum appears in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Apr. 12;91(8) (1994) 3478). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;4753-4757.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 4753-4757
    • Confalonieri, F.1    Elie, C.2    Nadal, M.3    De La Tour, C.4    Forterre, P.5    Duguet, M.6
  • 44
    • 0030999581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reverse gyrase from Methanopyrus kandleri. Reconstitution of an active extremozyme from its two recombinant subunits
    • Krah R., O'Dea M.H., Gellert M. Reverse gyrase from Methanopyrus kandleri. Reconstitution of an active extremozyme from its two recombinant subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;13986-13990.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 13986-13990
    • Krah, R.1    O'Dea, M.H.2    Gellert, M.3
  • 45
    • 0029804024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pat1: A topoisomerase II-associated protein required for faithful chromosome transmission in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Wang X., Watt P.M., Louis E.J., Borts R.H., Hickson I.D. Pat1: a topoisomerase II-associated protein required for faithful chromosome transmission in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1996;4791-4797.
    • (1996) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.24 , pp. 4791-4797
    • Wang, X.1    Watt, P.M.2    Louis, E.J.3    Borts, R.H.4    Hickson, I.D.5
  • 46
    • 0030582717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatid segregation at anaphase requires the barren product, a novel chromosome-associated protein that interacts with topoisomerase II
    • Bhat M.A., Philp A.V., Glover D.M., Bellen H.J. Chromatid segregation at anaphase requires the barren product, a novel chromosome-associated protein that interacts with topoisomerase II. Cell. 87:1996;1103-1114.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 1103-1114
    • Bhat, M.A.1    Philp, A.V.2    Glover, D.M.3    Bellen, H.J.4
  • 47
    • 0030830639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E and a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Barren protein
    • Hirano T., Kobayashi R., Hirano M. Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E and a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Barren protein. Cell. 89:1997;511-521.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.89 , pp. 511-521
    • Hirano, T.1    Kobayashi, R.2    Hirano, M.3
  • 49
    • 0025212715 scopus 로고
    • HPR1, a novel yeast gene that prevents intrachromosomal excision recombination, shows carboxy-terminal homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TOP1 gene
    • Aguilera A., Klein H.L. HPR1, a novel yeast gene that prevents intrachromosomal excision recombination, shows carboxy-terminal homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TOP1 gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1990;1439-1451.
    • (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 1439-1451
    • Aguilera, A.1    Klein, H.L.2
  • 50
    • 0030959070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombination between DNA repeats in yeast hpr1delta cells is linked to transcription elongation
    • Prado F., Piruat J.I., Aguilera A. Recombination between DNA repeats in yeast hpr1delta cells is linked to transcription elongation. EMBO J. 16:1997;2826-2835.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 2826-2835
    • Prado, F.1    Piruat, J.I.2    Aguilera, A.3
  • 51
    • 0031439267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The yeast HPR1 gene has a functional role in transcriptional elongation that uncovers a novel source of genome instability
    • Chavez S., Aguilera A. The yeast HPR1 gene has a functional role in transcriptional elongation that uncovers a novel source of genome instability. Genes Dev. 11:1997;3459-3470.
    • (1997) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 3459-3470
    • Chavez, S.1    Aguilera, A.2
  • 52
    • 0029670585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery suppress the hyperrecombination mutant hpr1 delta of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Fan H.Y., Cheng K.K., Klein H.L. Mutations in the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery suppress the hyperrecombination mutant hpr1 delta of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 142:1996;749-759.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.142 , pp. 749-759
    • Fan, H.Y.1    Cheng, K.K.2    Klein, H.L.3
  • 53
    • 0029897304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel family of TRF (DNA topoisomerase I-related function) genes required for proper nuclear segregation
    • Castano I.B., Heath-Pagliuso S., Sadoff B.U., Fitzhugh D.J., Christman M.F. A novel family of TRF (DNA topoisomerase I-related function) genes required for proper nuclear segregation. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1996;2404-2410.
    • (1996) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.24 , pp. 2404-2410
    • Castano, I.B.1    Heath-Pagliuso, S.2    Sadoff, B.U.3    Fitzhugh, D.J.4    Christman, M.F.5
  • 54
    • 0025872128 scopus 로고
    • General topoisomerase I-dependent transcriptional repression in the stationary phase in yeast
    • Choder M.A. General topoisomerase I-dependent transcriptional repression in the stationary phase in yeast. Genes Dev. 5:1991;2315-2326.
    • (1991) Genes Dev. , vol.5 , pp. 2315-2326
    • Choder, M.A.1
  • 55
    • 0029999538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitotic chromosome condensation in the rDNA requires TRF4 and DNA topoisomerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Castano I.B., Brzoska P.M., Sadoff B.U., Chen H., Christman M.F. Mitotic chromosome condensation in the rDNA requires TRF4 and DNA topoisomerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 10:1996;2564-2576.
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 2564-2576
    • Castano, I.B.1    Brzoska, P.M.2    Sadoff, B.U.3    Chen, H.4    Christman, M.F.5
  • 56
    • 0019417775 scopus 로고
    • Arrest of segregation leads to accumulation of highly intertwined catenated dimers: Dissection of the final stages of SV40 DNA replication
    • Sundin O., Varshavsky A. Arrest of segregation leads to accumulation of highly intertwined catenated dimers: dissection of the final stages of SV40 DNA replication. Cell. 25:1981;659-669.
    • (1981) Cell , vol.25 , pp. 659-669
    • Sundin, O.1    Varshavsky, A.2
  • 57
    • 0018958519 scopus 로고
    • Terminal stages of SV40 DNA replication proceed via multiply intertwined catenated dimers
    • Sundin O., Varshavsky A. Terminal stages of SV40 DNA replication proceed via multiply intertwined catenated dimers. Cell. 21:1980;103-114.
    • (1980) Cell , vol.21 , pp. 103-114
    • Sundin, O.1    Varshavsky, A.2
  • 58
    • 0024499711 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerase II must act at mitosis to prevent nondisjunction and chromosome breakage
    • Holm C., Stearns T., Botstein D. DNA topoisomerase II must act at mitosis to prevent nondisjunction and chromosome breakage. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1989;159-168.
    • (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 159-168
    • Holm, C.1    Stearns, T.2    Botstein, D.3
  • 59
    • 0028013488 scopus 로고
    • Nature and distribution of chromosomal intertwinings in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Spell R.M., Holm C. Nature and distribution of chromosomal intertwinings in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1994;1465-1476.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 1465-1476
    • Spell, R.M.1    Holm, C.2
  • 60
    • 0023651332 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerase II is required for condensation and separation of mitotic chromosomes in S. pombe
    • Uemura T., Ohkura H., Adachi Y., Morino K., Shiozaki K., Yanagida M. DNA topoisomerase II is required for condensation and separation of mitotic chromosomes in S. pombe. Cell. 50:1987;917-925.
    • (1987) Cell , vol.50 , pp. 917-925
    • Uemura, T.1    Ohkura, H.2    Adachi, Y.3    Morino, K.4    Shiozaki, K.5    Yanagida, M.6
  • 61
    • 0028589156 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase III, but not topoisomerase I, can support nascent chain elongation during theta-type DNA replication
    • Hiasa H., Marians K.J. Topoisomerase III, but not topoisomerase I, can support nascent chain elongation during theta-type DNA replication. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;32655-32659.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 32655-32659
    • Hiasa, H.1    Marians, K.J.2
  • 62
    • 0027976667 scopus 로고
    • Decatenating activity of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and topoisomerases I and III during oriC and pBR322 DNA replication in vitro
    • Hiasa H., DiGate R.J., Marians K.J. Decatenating activity of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and topoisomerases I and III during oriC and pBR322 DNA replication in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;2093-2099.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 2093-2099
    • Hiasa, H.1    Digate, R.J.2    Marians, K.J.3
  • 63
    • 0026712869 scopus 로고
    • The role of topoisomerase IV in partitioning bacterial replicons and the structure of catenated intermediates in DNA replication
    • Adams D.E., Shekhtman E.M., Zechiedrich E.L., Schmid M.B., Cozzarelli N.R. The role of topoisomerase IV in partitioning bacterial replicons and the structure of catenated intermediates in DNA replication. Cell. 71:1992;277-288.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , pp. 277-288
    • Adams, D.E.1    Shekhtman, E.M.2    Zechiedrich, E.L.3    Schmid, M.B.4    Cozzarelli, N.R.5
  • 64
    • 0029831664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two distinct modes of strand unlinking during theta-type DNA replication
    • Hiasa H., Marians K.J. Two distinct modes of strand unlinking during theta-type DNA replication. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;21529-21535.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 21529-21535
    • Hiasa, H.1    Marians, K.J.2
  • 65
    • 0030771373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase IV, not gyrase, decatenates products of site-specific recombination in Escherichia coli
    • Zechiedrich E.L., Khodursky A.B., Cozzarelli N.R. Topoisomerase IV, not gyrase, decatenates products of site-specific recombination in Escherichia coli. Genes Dev. 11:1997;2580-2592.
    • (1997) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 2580-2592
    • Zechiedrich, E.L.1    Khodursky, A.B.2    Cozzarelli, N.R.3
  • 66
    • 0028337685 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of a DNA replication fork revealed by reconstitution of SV40 DNA replication in vitro
    • Waga S., Stillman B. Anatomy of a DNA replication fork revealed by reconstitution of SV40 DNA replication in vitro. Nature. 369:1994;207-212.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 207-212
    • Waga, S.1    Stillman, B.2
  • 67
    • 0024270343 scopus 로고
    • Complete enzymatic synthesis of DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication
    • Ishimi Y., Claude A., Bullock P., Hurwitz J. Complete enzymatic synthesis of DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication. J. Biol. Chem. 263:1988;19723-19733.
    • (1988) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.263 , pp. 19723-19733
    • Ishimi, Y.1    Claude, A.2    Bullock, P.3    Hurwitz, J.4
  • 68
    • 0023201251 scopus 로고
    • Unwinding of duplex DNA from the SV40 origin of replication by T antigen (published erratum appears in Science Dec. 4;238 (4832) (1987) 1341)
    • Dodson M., Dean F.B., Bullock P., Echols H., Hurwitz J. Unwinding of duplex DNA from the SV40 origin of replication by T antigen (published erratum appears in Science Dec. 4;238 (4832) (1987) 1341). Science. 238:1987;964-967.
    • (1987) Science , vol.238 , pp. 964-967
    • Dodson, M.1    Dean, F.B.2    Bullock, P.3    Echols, H.4    Hurwitz, J.5
  • 69
    • 0028363546 scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of complete SV40 DNA replication with purified replication factors
    • Waga S., Bauer G., Stillman B. Reconstitution of complete SV40 DNA replication with purified replication factors. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;10923-10934.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 10923-10934
    • Waga, S.1    Bauer, G.2    Stillman, B.3
  • 70
    • 0026544211 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase II plays an essential role as a swivelase in the late stage of SV40 chromosome replication in vitro
    • Ishimi Y., Sugasawa K., Hanaoka F., Eki T., Hurwitz J. Topoisomerase II plays an essential role as a swivelase in the late stage of SV40 chromosome replication in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 267:1992;462-466.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 462-466
    • Ishimi, Y.1    Sugasawa, K.2    Hanaoka, F.3    Eki, T.4    Hurwitz, J.5
  • 72
    • 0023127037 scopus 로고
    • Need for DNA topoisomerase activity as a swivel for DNA replication for transcription of ribosomal RNA (published erratum appears in Nature Apr. 23-29;326(6115) (1987) 812)
    • Brill S.J., DiNardo S., Voelkel-Meiman K., Sternglanz R. Need for DNA topoisomerase activity as a swivel for DNA replication for transcription of ribosomal RNA (published erratum appears in Nature Apr. 23-29;326(6115) (1987) 812). Nature. 326:1987;414-416.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 414-416
    • Brill, S.J.1    Dinardo, S.2    Voelkel-Meiman, K.3    Sternglanz, R.4
  • 73
    • 0011173714 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerase II mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Topoisomerase II is required for segregation of daughter molecules at the termination of DNA replication
    • DiNardo S., Voelkel K., Sternglanz R. DNA topoisomerase II mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: topoisomerase II is required for segregation of daughter molecules at the termination of DNA replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:1984;2616-2620.
    • (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.81 , pp. 2616-2620
    • Dinardo, S.1    Voelkel, K.2    Sternglanz, R.3
  • 74
    • 0024338961 scopus 로고
    • Function of DNA topoisomerases as replication swivels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Kim R.A., Wang J.C. Function of DNA topoisomerases as replication swivels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Mol. Biol. 208:1989;257-267.
    • (1989) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.208 , pp. 257-267
    • Kim, R.A.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 75
    • 0023433855 scopus 로고
    • Supercoiling of the DNA template during transcription
    • Liu L.F., Wang J.C. Supercoiling of the DNA template during transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:1987;7024-7027.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 7024-7027
    • Liu, L.F.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 76
    • 0024968110 scopus 로고
    • Transcription-driven supercoiling of DNA: Direct biochemical evidence from in vitro studies
    • Tsao Y.P., Wu H.Y., Liu L.F. Transcription-driven supercoiling of DNA: direct biochemical evidence from in vitro studies. Cell. 56:1989;111-118.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.56 , pp. 111-118
    • Tsao, Y.P.1    Wu, H.Y.2    Liu, L.F.3
  • 77
    • 0021930945 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial DNA topoisomerase I can relax positively supercoiled DNA containing a single-stranded loop
    • Kirkegaard K., Wang J.C. Bacterial DNA topoisomerase I can relax positively supercoiled DNA containing a single-stranded loop. J. Mol. Biol. 185:1985;625-637.
    • (1985) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.185 , pp. 625-637
    • Kirkegaard, K.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 78
    • 0023790970 scopus 로고
    • Supercoiling of intracellular DNA can occur in eukaryotic cells
    • Giaever G.N., Wang J.C. Supercoiling of intracellular DNA can occur in eukaryotic cells. Cell. 55:1988;849-856.
    • (1988) Cell , vol.55 , pp. 849-856
    • Giaever, G.N.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 80
    • 0026725797 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerases and yeast rRNA transcription: Negative supercoiling stimulates initiation and topoisomerase activity is required for elongation
    • Schultz M.C., Brill S.J., Ju Q., Sternglanz R., Reeder R.H. Topoisomerases and yeast rRNA transcription: negative supercoiling stimulates initiation and topoisomerase activity is required for elongation. Genes Dev. 6:1992;1332-1341.
    • (1992) Genes Dev. , vol.6 , pp. 1332-1341
    • Schultz, M.C.1    Brill, S.J.2    Ju, Q.3    Sternglanz, R.4    Reeder, R.H.5
  • 81
    • 0024520253 scopus 로고
    • Essential roles of the RNA polymerase I largest subunit and DNA topoisomerases in the formation of fission yeast nucleolus
    • Hirano T., Konoha G., Toda T., Yanagida M. Essential roles of the RNA polymerase I largest subunit and DNA topoisomerases in the formation of fission yeast nucleolus. J. Cell Biol. 108:1989;243-253.
    • (1989) J. Cell Biol. , vol.108 , pp. 243-253
    • Hirano, T.1    Konoha, G.2    Toda, T.3    Yanagida, M.4
  • 82
    • 0022067647 scopus 로고
    • Eukaryotic type I topoisomerase is enriched in the nucleolus and catalytically active on ribosomal DNA
    • Muller M.T., Pfund W.P., Mehta V.B., Trask D.K. Eukaryotic type I topoisomerase is enriched in the nucleolus and catalytically active on ribosomal DNA. EMBO J. 4:1985;1237-1243.
    • (1985) EMBO J. , vol.4 , pp. 1237-1243
    • Muller, M.T.1    Pfund, W.P.2    Mehta, V.B.3    Trask, D.K.4
  • 83
    • 0031001382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A34.5, a nonessential component of yeast RNA polymerase I, cooperates with subunit A14 and DNA topoisomerase I to produce a functional rRNA synthesis machine
    • Gadal O., Mariotte-Labarre S., Chedin S., Quemeneur E., Carles C., Sentenac A., Thuriaux P. A34.5, a nonessential component of yeast RNA polymerase I, cooperates with subunit A14 and DNA topoisomerase I to produce a functional rRNA synthesis machine. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1997;1787-1795.
    • (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 1787-1795
    • Gadal, O.1    Mariotte-Labarre, S.2    Chedin, S.3    Quemeneur, E.4    Carles, C.5    Sentenac, A.6    Thuriaux, P.7
  • 85
    • 0026590328 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of topoisomerase I and II cleavage sites on the Drosophila actin and Hsp70 heat shock genes
    • Kroeger P.E., Rowe T.C. Analysis of topoisomerase I and II cleavage sites on the Drosophila actin and Hsp70 heat shock genes. Biochemistry. 31:1992;2492-2501.
    • (1992) Biochemistry , vol.31 , pp. 2492-2501
    • Kroeger, P.E.1    Rowe, T.C.2
  • 86
    • 0027440903 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerase I controls the kinetics of promoter activation and DNA topology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Di Mauro E., Camilloni G., Verdone L., Caserta M. DNA topoisomerase I controls the kinetics of promoter activation and DNA topology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1993;6702-6710.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 6702-6710
    • Di Mauro, E.1    Camilloni, G.2    Verdone, L.3    Caserta, M.4
  • 87
    • 0026452036 scopus 로고
    • Positive supercoiling of DNA greatly diminishes mRNA synthesis in yeast
    • Gartenberg M.R., Wang J.C. Positive supercoiling of DNA greatly diminishes mRNA synthesis in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:1992;11461-11465.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 11461-11465
    • Gartenberg, M.R.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 88
    • 0027186443 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerase I is involved in both repression and activation of transcription
    • Merino A., Madden K.R., Lane W.S., Champoux J.J., Reinberg D. DNA topoisomerase I is involved in both repression and activation of transcription. Nature. 365:1993;227-232.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 227-232
    • Merino, A.1    Madden, K.R.2    Lane, W.S.3    Champoux, J.J.4    Reinberg, D.5
  • 89
    • 0027138674 scopus 로고
    • Identification of human DNA topoisomerase I as a cofactor for activator-dependent transcription by RNA polymerase II
    • Kretzschmar M., Meisterernst M., Roeder R.G. Identification of human DNA topoisomerase I as a cofactor for activator-dependent transcription by RNA polymerase II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;11508-11512.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 11508-11512
    • Kretzschmar, M.1    Meisterernst, M.2    Roeder, R.G.3
  • 90
    • 0031049483 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase I enhances TFIID-TFIIA complex assembly during activation of transcription
    • Shykind B.M., Kim J., Stewart L., Champoux J.J., Sharp P.A. Topoisomerase I enhances TFIID-TFIIA complex assembly during activation of transcription. Genes Dev. 11:1977;397-407.
    • (1977) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 397-407
    • Shykind, B.M.1    Kim, J.2    Stewart, L.3    Champoux, J.J.4    Sharp, P.A.5
  • 91
    • 0024277974 scopus 로고
    • Mitotic recombination in the rDNA of S. cerevisiae is suppressed by the combined action of DNA topoisomerases I and II
    • Christman M.F., Dietrich F.S., Fink G.R. Mitotic recombination in the rDNA of S. cerevisiae is suppressed by the combined action of DNA topoisomerases I and II. Cell. 55:1988;413-425.
    • (1988) Cell , vol.55 , pp. 413-425
    • Christman, M.F.1    Dietrich, F.S.2    Fink, G.R.3
  • 92
    • 0027250337 scopus 로고
    • The rRNA-encoding DNA array has an altered structure in topoisomerase I mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Christman M.F., Dietrich F.S., Levin N.A., Sadoff B.U., Fink G.R. The rRNA-encoding DNA array has an altered structure in topoisomerase I mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;7637-7641.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 7637-7641
    • Christman, M.F.1    Dietrich, F.S.2    Levin, N.A.3    Sadoff, B.U.4    Fink, G.R.5
  • 93
    • 0024392077 scopus 로고
    • A subthreshold level of DNA topoisomerases leads to the excision of yeast rDNA as extrachromosomal rings
    • Kim R.A., Wang J.C. A subthreshold level of DNA topoisomerases leads to the excision of yeast rDNA as extrachromosomal rings. Cell. 57:1989;975-985.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.57 , pp. 975-985
    • Kim, R.A.1    Wang, J.C.2
  • 94
    • 0028951482 scopus 로고
    • Effects of yeast DNA topoisomerase III on telomere structure
    • Kim R.A., Caron P.R., Wang J.C. Effects of yeast DNA topoisomerase III on telomere structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;2667-2671.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 2667-2671
    • Kim, R.A.1    Caron, P.R.2    Wang, J.C.3
  • 95
    • 0031974399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene for topoisomerase III maps within the Smith-Magenis syndrome critical region: Analysis of cell-cycle distribution and radiation sensitivity
    • Elsea S.H., Fritz E., Schoener-Scott R., Meyn M.S., Patel P.I. Gene for topoisomerase III maps within the Smith-Magenis syndrome critical region: analysis of cell-cycle distribution and radiation sensitivity. Am. J. Med. Genet. 75:1998;104-108.
    • (1998) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.75 , pp. 104-108
    • Elsea, S.H.1    Fritz, E.2    Schoener-Scott, R.3    Meyn, M.S.4    Patel, P.I.5
  • 98
    • 0029127643 scopus 로고
    • ATM-related genes: What do they tell us about functions of the human gene?
    • Zakian V.A. ATM-related genes: what do they tell us about functions of the human gene? Cell. 82:1995;685-687.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.82 , pp. 685-687
    • Zakian, V.A.1
  • 99
    • 0030940537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of a truncated human topoisomerase III partially corrects multiple aspects of the ataxia-telangiectasia phenotype
    • Fritz E., Elsea S.H., Patel P.I., Meyn M.S. Overexpression of a truncated human topoisomerase III partially corrects multiple aspects of the ataxia-telangiectasia phenotype. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;4538-4542.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 4538-4542
    • Fritz, E.1    Elsea, S.H.2    Patel, P.I.3    Meyn, M.S.4
  • 100
    • 0001129329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerases in DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance
    • in: J.A. Nickoloff, M.F. Hoekstra (Eds.), DNA repair in Higher Eukaryotes, Humana Press, Totawa, NJ, pp.
    • J.L. Nitiss, DNA topoisomerases in DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance. in: J.A. Nickoloff, M.F. Hoekstra (Eds.), DNA damage and Repair, Vol. 2; DNA repair in Higher Eukaryotes, Humana Press, Totawa, NJ, 1998, pp. 517-537.
    • (1998) DNA Damage and Repair , vol.2 , pp. 517-537
    • Nitiss, J.L.1
  • 101
    • 0025800372 scopus 로고
    • DNA topoisomerases: Why so many?
    • Wang J.C. DNA topoisomerases: why so many? J. Biol. Chem. 266:1991;6659-6662.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 6659-6662
    • Wang, J.C.1
  • 102
    • 0023046695 scopus 로고
    • Both DNA topoisomerases I and II relax 2 micron plasmid DNA in living yeast cells
    • Saavedra R.A., Huberman J.A. Both DNA topoisomerases I and II relax 2 micron plasmid DNA in living yeast cells. Cell. 45:1986;65-70.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.45 , pp. 65-70
    • Saavedra, R.A.1    Huberman, J.A.2
  • 104
    • 0031566928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging. What makes us tick? (comment)
    • Guarente L. Aging. What makes us tick? (comment). Science. 275:1997;943-944.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 943-944
    • Guarente, L.1
  • 106
    • 0030820491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated aging and nucleolar fragmentation in yeast sgs1 mutants (see comments)
    • Sinclair D.A., Mills K., Guarente L. Accelerated aging and nucleolar fragmentation in yeast sgs1 mutants (see comments). Science. 277:1997;1313-1316.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1313-1316
    • Sinclair, D.A.1    Mills, K.2    Guarente, L.3
  • 107
    • 0031459980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrachromosomal rDNA circles-a cause of aging in yeast
    • Sinclair D.A., Guarente L. Extrachromosomal rDNA circles-a cause of aging in yeast. Cell. 91:1997;1033-1042.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 1033-1042
    • Sinclair, D.A.1    Guarente, L.2
  • 108
    • 0029775620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meiosis: How could it work?
    • Kleckner N. Meiosis: how could it work? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;8167-8174.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 8167-8174
    • Kleckner, N.1
  • 109
    • 0025315699 scopus 로고
    • A pathway for generation and processing of double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination in S. cerevisiae
    • Cao L., Alani E., Kleckner N. A pathway for generation and processing of double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination in S. cerevisiae. Cell. 61:1990;1089-1101.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 1089-1101
    • Cao, L.1    Alani, E.2    Kleckner, N.3
  • 110
    • 0024476859 scopus 로고
    • An initiation site for meiotic gene conversion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Nicolas A., Treco D., Schultes N.P., Szostak J.W. An initiation site for meiotic gene conversion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature. 338:1989;35-39.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.338 , pp. 35-39
    • Nicolas, A.1    Treco, D.2    Schultes, N.P.3    Szostak, J.W.4
  • 111
    • 0029145136 scopus 로고
    • The location and structure of double-strand DNA breaks induced during yeast meiosis: Evidence for a covalently linked DNA-protein intermediate
    • Liu J., Wu T.C., Lichten M. The location and structure of double-strand DNA breaks induced during yeast meiosis: evidence for a covalently linked DNA-protein intermediate. EMBO J. 14:1995;4599-4608.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 4599-4608
    • Liu, J.1    Wu, T.C.2    Lichten, M.3
  • 112
    • 0028789631 scopus 로고
    • Covalent protein-DNA complexes at the 5′ strand termini of meiosis-specific double-strand breaks in yeast
    • Keeney S., Kleckner N. Covalent protein-DNA complexes at the 5′ strand termini of meiosis-specific double-strand breaks in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;11274-11278.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 11274-11278
    • Keeney, S.1    Kleckner, N.2
  • 113
    • 0025843402 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of mutants defective in early steps of meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Malone R.E., Bullard S., Hermiston M., Rieger R., Cool M., Galbraith A. Isolation of mutants defective in early steps of meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 128:1991;79-88.
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.128 , pp. 79-88
    • Malone, R.E.1    Bullard, S.2    Hermiston, M.3    Rieger, R.4    Cool, M.5    Galbraith, A.6
  • 115
    • 0027960665 scopus 로고
    • Purification of a DNA topoisomerase II from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae. A thermostable enzyme with both bacterial and eucaryal features
    • Bergerat A., Gadelle D., Forterre P. Purification of a DNA topoisomerase II from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae. A thermostable enzyme with both bacterial and eucaryal features. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;27663-27669.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 27663-27669
    • Bergerat, A.1    Gadelle, D.2    Forterre, P.3
  • 116
    • 0027821288 scopus 로고
    • Potential advantages of unstable interactions for pairing of chromosomes in meiotic, somatic, and premeiotic cells
    • Kleckner N., Weiner B.M. Potential advantages of unstable interactions for pairing of chromosomes in meiotic, somatic, and premeiotic cells. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 58:1993;553-565.
    • (1993) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. , vol.58 , pp. 553-565
    • Kleckner, N.1    Weiner, B.M.2
  • 117
    • 0028130142 scopus 로고
    • Initiation of recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid meiosis
    • De Massy B., Baudat F., Nicolas A. Initiation of recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid meiosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;11929-11933.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 11929-11933
    • De Massy, B.1    Baudat, F.2    Nicolas, A.3
  • 120
    • 0016904708 scopus 로고
    • The nuclear protein matrix: Isolation, structure, and functions
    • Berezney R., Coffey D.S. The nuclear protein matrix: isolation, structure, and functions. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 14:1976;63-100.
    • (1976) Adv. Enzyme Regul. , vol.14 , pp. 63-100
    • Berezney, R.1    Coffey, D.S.2
  • 121
    • 0040860278 scopus 로고
    • In situ localization of DNA topoisomerase II, a major polypeptide component of the Drosophila nuclear matrix fraction
    • Berrios M., Osheroff N., Fisher P.A. In situ localization of DNA topoisomerase II, a major polypeptide component of the Drosophila nuclear matrix fraction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82:1985;4142-4146.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 4142-4146
    • Berrios, M.1    Osheroff, N.2    Fisher, P.A.3
  • 122
    • 0021966486 scopus 로고
    • Localization of topoisomerase II in mitotic chromosomes
    • Earnshaw W.C., Heck M.M. Localization of topoisomerase II in mitotic chromosomes. J. Cell Biol. 100:1985;1716-1725.
    • (1985) J. Cell Biol. , vol.100 , pp. 1716-1725
    • Earnshaw, W.C.1    Heck, M.M.2
  • 123
    • 0027856029 scopus 로고
    • From the chromosomal loops and the scaffold to the classic bands of metaphase chromosomes
    • Saitoh Y., Laemmli U.K. From the chromosomal loops and the scaffold to the classic bands of metaphase chromosomes. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 58:1993;755-765.
    • (1993) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. , vol.58 , pp. 755-765
    • Saitoh, Y.1    Laemmli, U.K.2
  • 124
    • 0025939613 scopus 로고
    • The nuclear matrix: A heuristic model for investigating genomic organization and function in the cell nucleus
    • Berezney R. The nuclear matrix: a heuristic model for investigating genomic organization and function in the cell nucleus. J. Cell Biochem. 47:1991;109-123.
    • (1991) J. Cell Biochem. , vol.47 , pp. 109-123
    • Berezney, R.1
  • 125
    • 0023923131 scopus 로고
    • Scaffold attachment of DNA loops in metaphase chromosomes
    • Mirkovitch J., Gasser S.M., Laemmli U.K. Scaffold attachment of DNA loops in metaphase chromosomes. J. Mol. Biol. 200:1988;101-109.
    • (1988) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 101-109
    • Mirkovitch, J.1    Gasser, S.M.2    Laemmli, U.K.3
  • 126
    • 0027465101 scopus 로고
    • Multiple chromosomal populations of topoisomerase II detected in vivo by time-lapse, three-dimensional wide-field microscopy
    • Swedlow J.R., Sedat J.W., Agard D.A. Multiple chromosomal populations of topoisomerase II detected in vivo by time-lapse, three-dimensional wide-field microscopy. Cell. 73:1993;97-108.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 97-108
    • Swedlow, J.R.1    Sedat, J.W.2    Agard, D.A.3
  • 127
    • 0020622592 scopus 로고
    • Formation in vitro of sperm pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian ooplasmic components
    • Lohka M.J., Masui Y. Formation in vitro of sperm pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian ooplasmic components. Science. 220:1983;719-721.
    • (1983) Science , vol.220 , pp. 719-721
    • Lohka, M.J.1    Masui, Y.2
  • 128
    • 0021449715 scopus 로고
    • 2+ ions on the formation of metaphase chromosomes and sperm pronuclei in cell-free preparations from unactivated Rana pipiens eggs
    • 2+ ions on the formation of metaphase chromosomes and sperm pronuclei in cell-free preparations from unactivated Rana pipiens eggs. Dev. Biol. 103:1984;434-442.
    • (1984) Dev. Biol. , vol.103 , pp. 434-442
    • Lohka, M.J.1    Masui, Y.2
  • 129
    • 0023667754 scopus 로고
    • Disassembly of the nucleus in mitotic extracts: Membrane vesicularization, lamin disassembly, and chromosome condensation are independent processes
    • Newport J., Spann T. Disassembly of the nucleus in mitotic extracts: membrane vesicularization, lamin disassembly, and chromosome condensation are independent processes. Cell. 48:1987;219-230.
    • (1987) Cell , vol.48 , pp. 219-230
    • Newport, J.1    Spann, T.2
  • 130
    • 0023667788 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear reconstitution in vitro: Stages of assembly around protein-free DNA
    • Newport J. Nuclear reconstitution in vitro: stages of assembly around protein-free DNA. Cell. 48:1987;205-217.
    • (1987) Cell , vol.48 , pp. 205-217
    • Newport, J.1
  • 131
    • 0025966711 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome assembly in vitro: Topoisomerase II is required for condensation
    • Adachi Y., Luke M., Laemmli U.K. Chromosome assembly in vitro: topoisomerase II is required for condensation. Cell. 64:1991;137-148.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.64 , pp. 137-148
    • Adachi, Y.1    Luke, M.2    Laemmli, U.K.3
  • 132
    • 0025666621 scopus 로고
    • Mitotic chromatin condensation in vitro using somatic cell extracts and nuclei with variable levels of endogenous topoisomerase II
    • Wood E.R., Earnshaw W.C. Mitotic chromatin condensation in vitro using somatic cell extracts and nuclei with variable levels of endogenous topoisomerase II. J. Cell Biol. 111:1990;2839-2850.
    • (1990) J. Cell Biol. , vol.111 , pp. 2839-2850
    • Wood, E.R.1    Earnshaw, W.C.2
  • 133
    • 0027389490 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase II does not play a scaffolding role in the organization of mitotic chromosomes assembled in Xenopus egg extracts
    • Hirano T., Mitchison T.J. Topoisomerase II does not play a scaffolding role in the organization of mitotic chromosomes assembled in Xenopus egg extracts. J. Cell Biol. 120:1993;601-612.
    • (1993) J. Cell Biol. , vol.120 , pp. 601-612
    • Hirano, T.1    Mitchison, T.J.2
  • 134
    • 0024813033 scopus 로고
    • Gene products required for chromosome separation
    • Yanagida M. Gene products required for chromosome separation. J. Cell Sci. Suppl. 12:1989;213-229.
    • (1989) J. Cell Sci. Suppl. , vol.12 , pp. 213-229
    • Yanagida, M.1
  • 135
    • 0029317511 scopus 로고
    • Frontier questions about sister chromatid separation in anaphase
    • Yanagida M. Frontier questions about sister chromatid separation in anaphase. Bioessays. 17:1995;519-526.
    • (1995) Bioessays , vol.17 , pp. 519-526
    • Yanagida, M.1
  • 136
    • 0028174255 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome condensation and sister chromatid pairing in budding yeast
    • Guacci V., Hogan E., Koshland D. Chromosome condensation and sister chromatid pairing in budding yeast. J. Cell Biol. 125:1994;517-530.
    • (1994) J. Cell Biol. , vol.125 , pp. 517-530
    • Guacci, V.1    Hogan, E.2    Koshland, D.3
  • 137
    • 0029081926 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and genetic dissection of mitotic chromosome condensation
    • Hirano T. Biochemical and genetic dissection of mitotic chromosome condensation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:1995;357-361.
    • (1995) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 357-361
    • Hirano, T.1
  • 138
    • 0029038932 scopus 로고
    • The SMC family: From chromosome condensation to dosage compensation
    • Hirano T., Mitchison T.J., Swedlow J.R. The SMC family: from chromosome condensation to dosage compensation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:1995;329-336.
    • (1995) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 329-336
    • Hirano, T.1    Mitchison, T.J.2    Swedlow, J.R.3
  • 139
    • 0028942904 scopus 로고
    • SMC2, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene essential for chromosome segregation and condensation, defines a subgroup within the SMC family
    • Strunnikov A.V., Hogan E., Koshland D. SMC2, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene essential for chromosome segregation and condensation, defines a subgroup within the SMC family. Genes Dev. 9:1995;587-599.
    • (1995) Genes Dev. , vol.9 , pp. 587-599
    • Strunnikov, A.V.1    Hogan, E.2    Koshland, D.3
  • 140
    • 0030826133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA renaturation activity of the SMC complex implicated in chromosome condensation
    • Sutani T., Yanagida M. DNA renaturation activity of the SMC complex implicated in chromosome condensation. Nature. 388:1997;798-801.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 798-801
    • Sutani, T.1    Yanagida, M.2
  • 141
    • 0030874421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATP-dependent positive supercoiling of DNA by 13S condensin: A biochemical implication for chromosome condensation
    • Kimura K., Hirano T. ATP-dependent positive supercoiling of DNA by 13S condensin: a biochemical implication for chromosome condensation. Cell. 90:1997;625-634.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.90 , pp. 625-634
    • Kimura, K.1    Hirano, T.2
  • 142
    • 0028081446 scopus 로고
    • Fission yeast cut3 and cut14, members of a ubiquitous protein family, are required for chromosome condensation and segregation in mitosis
    • Saka Y., Sutani T., Yamashita Y., Saitoh S., Takeuchi M., Nakaseko Y., Yanagida M. Fission yeast cut3 and cut14, members of a ubiquitous protein family, are required for chromosome condensation and segregation in mitosis. EMBO J. 13:1994;4938-4952.
    • (1994) EMBO J. , vol.13 , pp. 4938-4952
    • Saka, Y.1    Sutani, T.2    Yamashita, Y.3    Saitoh, S.4    Takeuchi, M.5    Nakaseko, Y.6    Yanagida, M.7
  • 143
    • 0344110202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can DNA topoisomerases be ribonucleases?
    • Burgin A.B. Jr. Can DNA topoisomerases be ribonucleases? Cell. 91:1997;873-874.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 873-874
    • Burgin A.B., Jr.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.