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For a recent paper on the experimental determination of strain in 2-azetidinone nucleus, see: (d) Roux, M. V.; Jiménez, P.; Dávalos, J. Z.; Castaño, O.; Molina, M. T.; Notario, R.; Herreros, M.; Abboud, J.-L. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12735.
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A review dealing with the special reactivity of the β-lactam system and its application in organic synthesis: (e) Marihas, M. S.; Wagle, D. R.; Chiang, J.; Bose, A. K. Heterocycles 1988, 27, 1755.
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5. The aryl-aryl radical coupling has been used to prepare different polycyclic systems. For some examples, see: (a) da Mata, M. L. E. N.; Motherwell, W. B.; Ujjainwall, F. Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 141.
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0002674759
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Georg, G. I., Ed.; VCH Publishers Inc., New York, Ch. 6
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7. The stereochemistry observed for these reactions was expected according to the current model for the Staüdinger reaction. See, for example: Georg, G. I.; Ravikumar, V. T. In The Organic Chemistry of β-Lactams; Georg, G. I., Ed.; VCH Publishers Inc., New York, 1993; Ch. 6, p 295.
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85038538195
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note
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3SnH was added. The mixture was refluxed until complete dissapareance of the starting product (t.l.c.). It is notable that slow addition (syringe pump) was no required for these reactions.
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-
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26
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85038537082
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note
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9. Compounds 2a-c are, formally, phenanthridine derived 2-azetidinones. In fact, the reaction of phenanthridine and different ketenes gave condensed biaryl-2-azetidinones related to 2. These results fell out the scope of this paper and will be published in due time.
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27
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0010501913
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10. The chemistry of related 1-amidoalkyl radicals have been reviewed. See, for instance: Renaud, Ph.; Giraud, L. Synthesis, 1996, 913.
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