Molecular scale electronics: Syntheses and testing

Nanotechnology

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 246-250

  Reinerth, William A ^a   Jones II, LeRoy ^a   Burgin, Timothy P ^a   Zhou, Chong Wu ^b   Muller, C J ^b   Deshpande, M R ^b   Reed, Mark A ^b   Tour, James M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b Yale University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

MOLECULAR SCALE ELECTRONICS;

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS;

EID: 0032157279     PISSN: 09574484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/9/3/016     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. For some recent background work on molecular scale electronics, see Aviram A (ed) 1992 Molecular Electronics: Science and Technology (Conf. Proc. 262) (New York: American Institute of Physics) Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 378 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 495 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 601 Birge R R (ed) 1991 Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics (Advances in Chemistry Series 240) (American Chemical Society) Kirk W P and Reed M A 1992 Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems (New York: Academic)
2. For some recent background work on molecular scale electronics, see Aviram A (ed) 1992 Molecular Electronics: Science and Technology (Conf. Proc. 262) (New York: American Institute of Physics) Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 378 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 495 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 601 Birge R R (ed) 1991 Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics (Advances in Chemistry Series 240) (American Chemical Society) Kirk W P and Reed M A 1992 Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems (New York: Academic)
3. For some recent background work on molecular scale electronics, see Aviram A (ed) 1992 Molecular Electronics: Science and Technology (Conf. Proc. 262) (New York: American Institute of Physics) Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 378 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 495 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 601 Birge R R (ed) 1991 Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics (Advances in Chemistry Series 240) (American Chemical Society) Kirk W P and Reed M A 1992 Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems (New York: Academic)
4. For some recent background work on molecular scale electronics, see Aviram A (ed) 1992 Molecular Electronics: Science and Technology (Conf. Proc. 262) (New York: American Institute of Physics) Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 378 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 495 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 601 Birge R R (ed) 1991 Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics (Advances in Chemistry Series 240) (American Chemical Society) Kirk W P and Reed M A 1992 Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems (New York: Academic)
5. For some recent background work on molecular scale electronics, see Aviram A (ed) 1992 Molecular Electronics: Science and Technology (Conf. Proc. 262) (New York: American Institute of Physics) Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 378 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 495 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 601 Birge R R (ed) 1991 Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics (Advances in Chemistry Series 240) (American Chemical Society) Kirk W P and Reed M A 1992 Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems (New York: Academic)
6. For some recent background work on molecular scale electronics, see Aviram A (ed) 1992 Molecular Electronics: Science and Technology (Conf. Proc. 262) (New York: American Institute of Physics) Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 378 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 495 Miller J S 1990 Adv. Mater. 2 601 Birge R R (ed) 1991 Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics (Advances in Chemistry Series 240) (American Chemical Society) Kirk W P and Reed M A 1992 Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems (New York: Academic)
7. For some theoretical considerations on molecular scale wires, see Samanta M P, Tian W, Datta S, Henderson J I and Kubiak C P 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 R7626 Mujica V, Kemp M, Roitberg A and Ratner M 1996 J. Phys. Chem. 104 7296 Joachim C and Vinuesa J F 1996 Europhys. Lett. 33 635
8. For some theoretical considerations on molecular scale wires, see Samanta M P, Tian W, Datta S, Henderson J I and Kubiak C P 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 R7626 Mujica V, Kemp M, Roitberg A and Ratner M 1996 J. Phys. Chem. 104 7296 Joachim C and Vinuesa J F 1996 Europhys. Lett. 33 635
9. For some theoretical considerations on molecular scale wires, see Samanta M P, Tian W, Datta S, Henderson J I and Kubiak C P 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 R7626 Mujica V, Kemp M, Roitberg A and Ratner M 1996 J. Phys. Chem. 104 7296 Joachim C and Vinuesa J F 1996 Europhys. Lett. 33 635
10. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
11. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
12. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
13. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
14. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
15. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
16. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
17. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
18. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
19. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
20. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
21. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
22. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
23. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
24. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
25. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
26. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
27. For some recent background work on the formation of molecular-based transporters and devices, see Grosshenny V, Harriman A and Ziessel R 1995 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 1100 Langler L, Stockman L, Heremans J P, Bayor V, Oik C H, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y and Issi J-P 1995 Synth. Met. 70 1393 Pascual J I, Méndez J, Gómez-Herrero J, Baró A M, Garcia N, Landman U, Luedtker W D Bogachek E N and Cheng H-P 1995 Science 267 1793 Purcell S T, Garcia N, Binh V T, Jones L II and Tour J M 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 11 985 Martin C R 1994 Science 266 1961 Seth J, Palaniappan V, Johnson T E, Prathapan S, Lindsey J S and Bocian D F 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10 578 Gust D 1994 Nature 372 133 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 266 1013 Wagner R W, Lindsey J S, Seth J, Palaniappan V and Bocain D F 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 3996 Sailor M J and Curtis C L 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 688 Brigelletti F, Flamigni L, Balzani V, Collin J, Sauvage J, Sour A, Constable E C and Thompson A M W C 1994 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 7692 Wu C and Bein T 1994 Science 264 1757 Moerner W E 1994 Science 265 46 Sessler J L, Capuano V L and Harriman A 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 4618 Farazdel A, Dupuis M, Clementi E and Aviram A 1990 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 4206 Tour J M, Wu R and Schumm J S 1991 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 7064 Dai H, Wong E W and Lieber C M 1996 Science 272 523 Wu R, Schumm J S, Pearson D L and Tour J M 1996 J. Org. Chem. 61 6906 Ward M D 1996 Chem. Ind. 569
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