The effects of stress and trauma on brain and memory: A view from developmental cognitive neuroscience

Development and Psychopathology

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 793-809

  Nelson, Charles A ^a   Carver, Leslie J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGING; BRAIN; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; COGNITION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; INFANT; INJURY; MEMORY; MENTAL STRESS; NEWBORN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW;

AGING; BRAIN; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COGNITION; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MEMORY; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 0032151825     PISSN: 09545794     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579498001874     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Annett, R. D., & Bender, B. G. (1994). Neuropsychological dysfunction in asthmatic children. Neuropsychology Review, 4, 91-115.
2. Bachevalier, J. (1990). Ontogenetic development of habit and memory formation in primates. In A. Diamond (Ed.), Development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions (pp. 457-484). New York: New York Academy of Sciences Press.
3. Bachevalier, J. (1992). Cortical versus limbic immaturity: Relationship to infantile amnesia. In M. R. Gunnar & C. A. Nelson (Eds.), Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Vol. 24. Developmental neuroscience (pp. 129-153). New York: Erlbaum.
4. Bachevalier, J., Brickson, M., & Hagger, C. (1993). Limbic-dependent recognition memory in monkeys develops early in infancy. NeuroReport, 4, 77-80.
5. Bachevalier, J., & Mishkin, M. (1984). An early and a late developing system for learning and retention in infant monkeys. Behavioral Neuroscience, 98, 770-778.
6. Bauer, P. J., Kroupina, M. G., Schwade, J. A., Dropik, P., & Wewerka, S. S. (1998). If memory serves, will language? Later verbal accessibility of early memories. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 655-679.
7. Black, J. E., Jones, T. A., Nelson, C. A., & Greenough, W. T. (1998). Neuronal plasticity and the developing brain. In N. E. Alessi, J. T. Coyle, S. I. Harrison, & S. Eth. (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry: Vol. 6. Basic psychiatric science and treatment (pp. 31-53). New York: Wiley.
8. Bremner, J. D., Krystal, J. H., Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (1995a). Functional neuroanatomical correlates of the effects of stress on memory. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 527-553.
9. Bremner, J. D., Randall, P. R., Scott, T. M., Bronen, R. A., Delaney, R. C., Seibyl, J. P., Southwick, S. M., McCarthy, G., Charney, D. S., & Innis, R. B. (1995b). MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 973-981.
10. Bremner, J. D., Randall, P., Scott, T. M., Capelli, S., Delaney, R., McCarthey, G., & Charney, D. S. (1995c). Deficits in short-term memory in adult survivors of childhood abuse. Psychiatry Research, 59, 97-107.
11. Bremner, J. D., Randall, P., Vermetten, E., Staib, L., Bronen, R. A., Mazure, C., Capelli, S., McCarthy, G., Innis, R. B., & Charney, D. S. (1997). Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse - A preliminary report. Biological Psychiatry, 41, 23-32.
12. Bremner, J. D., Scott, T. M., Delaney, R. C., Southwick, S. M., Mason, J. W., Johnson, D. R., Innis, R. B., McCarthy, G., & Charney, D. S. (1993). Deficits in short term memory in post-traumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1015-1019.
13. Casey, B. J., Cohen, J. D., Jezzard, P., Turner, R., Noll, D. C., Trainor, R. J., Giedd, J., Kaysen, D., Hertz-Pannier, L., & Rappaport, J. L. (1995). Activation of prefrontal cortex in children during a non-spatial working memory task with functional MRI. Neuroimage, 2, 221-229.
14. Chugani, H. T. (1994). Development of regional brain glucose metabolism in relation to behavior and plasticity. In G. Dawson & K. Fischer (Eds.), Human behavior and the developing brain, (pp. 153-175). New York: Guilford Press.
15. Chugani, H. T., & Phelps, M. E. (1986). Maturational changes in cerebral function in infants determined by [18]FDG positron emission tomography. Science, 231, 840-843.
16. Chugani, H. T., Phelps, M. E., & Mazziotta, (1987). Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. Annals of Neurology, 22, 487-497.
17. Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (1997). Developmental perspectives on trauma: Theory, research, and intervention [Preface]. In D. Cicchetti & S. L. Toth (Eds.), Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology (Vol. 8, pp. XIII-XVII). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
18. Clarke, A. S., Wittwer, D. J., Abbott, D. H., & Schneider, M. L. (1994). Long-term effects of prenatal stress on HPA axis activity in juvenile rhesus monkeys. Developmental Psychobiology, 27, 257-269.
19. Crair, M. C., Gillespie, D. C., & Stryker, M. P. (1998). The role of visual experience in the development of columns in cat visual cortex. Science, 279, 566-570.
20. Day, J. C., Koehl, M., Deroche, V., Le Moal, M., & Maccari, S. (1998). Prenatal stress enhances stress- and corticotropin-releasing factor-induced stimulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release in adult rats. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 1886-1892.
21. Diamond, A. (1990). The development and neural bases of memory functions as indexed by the AB and delayed response tasks in human infants and infant monkeys. In A. Diamond (Ed.), Development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions (pp. 267-317). New York: New York Academy of Sciences Press.
22. Diamond, A. (1992). Recognition memory assessed by looking vs. reaching: Infants' performance on the visual paired comparison and delayed non-matching to sample tasks. IRCS Report 92-11. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania.
23. Diamond, A. (1995). Evidence of robust recognition memory early in life even when assessed by reaching behavior. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 59, 419-474.
24. Diamond, A., & Doar, B. (1989). The performance of human infants on a measure of frontal cortex function, the delayed response task. Developmental Psychobiology, 22, 271-294.
25. Diamond, D. M., Fleshner, M., Ingersoll, N., & Rose, G. M (1996). Psychological stress impairs spatial working memory: Relevance to electrophysiological studies of hippocampal function. Behavioral Neuroscience, 110, 661-772.
26. Diorio, D., Viau, V., & Meaney, M. J. (1993). The role of the medial prefrontal cortex (cingulate gyrus) in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to stress. The Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 3839-3847.
27. Dubrovsky, B., Gijsbers, K., Filipini, D., & Birmingham, M. K. (1993). Effects of adrenocortical steroids on long-term potentiation in the limbic system: Basic mechanisms and behavioral consequences. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 13, 399-414.
28. Duggal, S. & Sroufe, L. A. (1998). Recovered memory of childhood sexual trauma: A documented case from a longitudinal study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 301-321.
29. Filipini, D., Gijsbers, K., Birmingham, M. K., & Dubrovsky, B. (1991). Effects of adrenal steroids and reduced metabolites on hippocampal long-term potentiation. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 40, 87-92.
30. Gould, E., & McEwen, B. S. (1993). Neuronal birth and death. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 3, 676-682.
31. Greenough, W. T., & Black, J. E. (1992). Induction of brain structure by experience: Substrates for cognitive development. In Gunnar, M. R., & Nelson, C. A. (Eds.), The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Vol. 24. Developmental behavioral neuroscience (pp. 155-200). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
32. Haith, M. M., Wentworth, N., & Canfield, R. (1993). The formation of expectations in early infancy. In C. Rovee-Collier & L. P. Lipsitt (Eds.), Advances in infancy research (pp. 251-297). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Press.
33. Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organization of behavior. New York: Wiley.
34. Hilts, P. J. (1995). The strange tale of Mr. M. and the nature of memory. New York: Simon & Schuster.
35. Hubbard, J., Realmuto, G., Northwood, A., & Masten, A. (1995). Co-morbidity of psychiatric diagnoses with post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of childhood trauma. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1167-1173.
36. Huttenlocher, P. R. (1994). Synaptogenesis, synapse elimination, and neural plasticity in human cerebral cortex. In C. A. Nelson (Ed.), Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Vol. 27. Threats to optimal development: Integrating biological, psychological, and social risk factors (pp. 35-54). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
37. Janowsky, J. (1993). The development of memory systems. In M. H. Johnson (Ed.), Brain development and cognition: A reader (pp. 665-678). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
38. Johnson, M. H. (1997). Developmental cognitive neuroscience. London: Blackwell Publishers.
39. Katz, L. C., & Shatz, C. J. (1996). Syraptic activity and the construction of cortical circuits. Science, 274, 1133-1138.
40. Loftus, E. F., Garry, M., & Feldman, J. (1994). Forgetting sexual trauma: What does it mean when 38% forget? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 1177-1181.
41. Luciana, M., & Nelson, C. A. (1998). The functional emergence of prefrontally-guided working memory systems in four- to eight-year-old children. Neuropsychologia, 136, 272-293.
42. Markowitsch, H. J., Calabrese, P., Liess, J., Haupts, M., Durwen, H. F., & Gehlen, W. (1993). Retrograde amnesia after traumatic injury of the fronto-temporal cortex. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 56, 988-992.
43. Malamut, B. L., Saunders, R. C., & Mishkin, M. (1984). Monkeys with combined amygdalo-hippocampal lesions succeed in object discrimination learning despite 24-hour intertrial intervals. Behavioral Neuroscience, 98, 759-769.
44. McEwen, B. S. (1994). Corticosteroids and hippocampal plasticity. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 746, 134-142.
45. McPherson, W. B., Newton, J. E. O., Ackerman, P., Oglesby, D. M., & Dykman, R. A. (1997). An event-related brain potential investigation of PTSD and PTSD symptoms in abused children. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 32, 31-42.
46. Mishkin, M. (1982) A memory system in the monkey. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 298, 85-92.
47. Muller, R.-A., Muzik, O., Rothermel, D., Behen, M. E., Downey, R., Chakraborty, P. K., & Chugani, H. T. (1997). Finger movement in children: Less distinct neocortical activation profiles and reduced cerebellar involvement compared to adults. Neuroimage, 5, S11.
48. 15O]-water PET study. Journal of Child Neurology.
49. Neal, C. (1997, June). Glucocorticoids and the premature neonate. Colloquium at the University of Michigan.
50. Nelson, C. A. (1994). Neural correlates of recognition memory in the first postnatal year of life. In G. Dawson & K. Fischer (Eds.), Human behavior and the developing brain (pp. 269-313). New York: Guilford.
51. Nelson, C. A. (1995). The ontogeny of human memory: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Developmental Psychology, 31, 723-735.
52. Nelson, C. A. (1996). Electrophysiological correlates of Early Memory Development. In H. W. Reese & M. D. Franzen (Eds.), Thirteenth West Virginia University Conference on Life Span Developmental Psychology: Biological and Neuropsychological Mechanisms. (pp. 95-131). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
53. Nelson, C. A. (1997). The neurobiological basis of early memory development. In N. Cowan Ed.), The development of memory in childhood. (pp. 41-82). Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
54. Nelson. C. A., Lin, J., Carver, L. J., Monk, C. S., Thomas, K. M., & Truwit, C. (1998). Functional neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in children as revealed by fMRI. Manuscript submitted for publication.
55. O'Dougherty Wright, M., Masten, A. S., Northwood, A., & Hubbard, J. (1997). Long-term effects of massive trauma: Developmental and psychobiological perspectives. In D. Cicchetti & S. L. Toth (Eds.), Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. 8. The Effects of Trauma on the Developmental Process (pp. 181-225). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
56. Pynoos R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Ornitz, E. M., & Goenjian, A. K. (1997). Issues in the developmetnal neurobiology of traumatic stress. Annals of the New York Acadmeny of Science, 821, 176-192.
57. Rakic, P., Bourgeois, J.-P., Eckenhoff, M. F., Zecevic, N., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1986). Concurrent over-production of synapses in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex. Science, 232, 232-235.
58. Roozendaal, B., Quirarte, G. L., & McGaugh, J. L. (1997). Stress-activated hormonal systems and the regulation of memory storage. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 821, 247-258.
59. Rovee-Collier, C. (1997). Development of memory in infancy. In N. Cowan (Ed.), The development of memory in childhood (pp. 5-39). London: University College of London Press.
60. Sapolsky, R. M., Krey, L. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1986). The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocrine Reviews, 7, 284-301.
61. Schacter, D. L. (1996). Search for memory: The brain, the mind, and the past. New York: Basic Books.
62. Schacter, D. L., & Tulving, E. (1994). What are the memory systems of 1994? In D. L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.), Memory systems of 1994 (pp. 1-38). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
63. Schneider, M. L. (1992). Delayed object permanence development in prenatally stressed rhesus monkey infants (macaca mulatta). The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 12, 96-110.
64. Shors, T. J., Weiss, C., & Thompson, R. F. (1992). Stress-induced facilitation of classical conditioning. Science, 257, 537-539.
65. Squire, L. R. (1986). Mechanisms of memory. Science, 232, 1612-1619.
66. Squire, L. R. (1987). Memory and brain. New York: Oxford Press.
67. Squire, L. R. (1992). Declarative and non-declarative memory: Multiple brain systems supporting learning and memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 232-243.
68. Squire, L. R. (1994). Declarative and nondeclarative memory: Multiple brain systems supporting learning and memory. In D. L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.), Memory systems 1994 (pp. 203-231). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
69. Squire, L. R., Ojemann, J. G., Miezin, F. M., Petersen, S. E., Videen, T. O., & Raichle, M. E. (1992). Activation of the hippocampus in normal humans: A functional anatomical study of memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 89, 1837-1841.
70. Squire, L. R., & Zola-Morgan, S. (1991). The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science, 253, 1380-1386.
71. Stansbury, K., & Gunnar, M. R. (1994). Adrenocortical activity and emotion regulation. In N. A. Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion regulation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 108-134.
72. Stein, M. B., Hanna, C., Koverola, C., Torchia, M. G., & McClarty, B. (1997). Structural brain changes in PTSD. Does trauma alter neuroanatomy? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 821, 76-79.
73. Stein, M. B., Koverola, C., Hanna, C., Torchia, M. G., & McClarty, B. (1997). Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse. Psychological Medicine, 27, 951-959.
74. Teicher, M. H., Ito, Y., Glod, C. A., Andersen, S. L., Dumont, N., & Ackerman, E. (1997). Preliminary evidence for abnormal cortical development in physically and sexually abused children using EEG coherence and MRI. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 821, 160-175.
75. Tulving, E. (1985). How many memory systems are there? American Psychologist, 40, 385-398.
76. Ungerleider, L. G. (1995). Functional brain imaging studies of cortical mechanisms for memory. Science, 270, 769-775.
77. Vallee, M., Mayo, W., Dellu, F., Le Moal, M., Simon, H., & Maccari, S. (1997) Prenatal stress induces high anxiety and postnatal handling induces low anxiety in adult offspring: Correlation with stress-induced corticosterone secretion. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 2626-2636.
78. Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D. G., Watkins, K. E., Connelly, A., Van Paesschen, W. V., & Mishkin, M. (1997). Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory. Science, 277, 376-380.
79. Webb, S., & Nelson, C. A. (1998). Neural correlates of perceptual priming in human adults and infants. Manuscript submitted for publication.
80. Webster, M. J., Bachevalier, J., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1995). Development and plasticity of visual memory circuits. In B. Julesz & I. Kovacs (Eds.), Maturational windows and adult cortical plasticity (pp. 73-86). New York: Addison-Wesley.
81. Webster, M. J., Ungerleider, L. G., & Bachevalier, J. (1991a). Lesions of inferior temporal area TE in infant monkeys alter cortico-amygdalar projections. Developmental Neuroscience, 2, 769-772.
82. Webster, M. J., Ungerleider, L. G., & Bachevalier, J. (1991b). Connections of inferior temporal areas TE and TEO with medial temporal-lobe structures in infant and adult monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 11, 1095-1116.
83. Williams, L. M. (1994a). Recall of childhood trauma: A prospective study of women's memories of child sexual abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 1167-1176.
84. Williams, L. M. (1994b). What does it mean to forget child sexual abuse? A reply to Loftus, Garry, and Feldman (1994). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 1182-1186.
85. Yehuda, R., Fairman, K., & Meyer, J. S. (1989). Enhanced brain cell proliferation following early adrenalectomy in rats. Journal of Neurchemistry, 53, 241-248.
86. Zola-Morgan, S., & Squire, L. R. (1992). The components of the medial temporal lobe memory system. In L. R. Squire & N. Butters (Eds.), Neuropsychology of memory (2nd ed., pp. 325-335). New York: Guilford.
87. Zola-Morgan, S., Squire, L. R., & Amaral, D. G. (1986). Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: Enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience, 6, 2950-2967.
88. Zola-Morgan, S., Squire, L. R., Rempel, N., Clower, R., & Amaral, D. G. (1992). Enduring memory impairment in monkeys after ischemic damage to the hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience, 12, 2582-2596.