Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: A theoretical study of junction formation under steady-state conditions

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Volumn 102, Issue 22, 1998, Pages 4327-4336

  Manzanares, José A ^a   Reiss, Howard ^a   Heeger, Alan J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CURRENT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; DIFFUSION; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; POLYMERS; REDOX REACTIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR JUNCTIONS;

ELECTRODIFFUSION; LIGHT EMITTING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL; LIGHT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM;

PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS;

EID: 0032074862     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp973415o     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. (a) Berggren, M.; Inganäs, O.; Gustafsson, G.; Rasmusson, J.; Andersson, M. R.; Hjertberg, T.; Wennerström, O. Nature 1994, 372, 444.
2. (b) Parker, I. D. J. Appl. Phys. 1994, 75, 1656.
3. (c) Braun, D.; Heeger, A. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1991, 58, 1982.
4. (d) Burroughes, J. H.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Brown, A. R.; Marks, R. N.; Mackay, K.; Friend, R. H.; Burns, P. L.; Holmes, A. B. Nature 1990, 347, 539.
5. Halls, J. J. M.; Baigent, D. R.; Cacialli, F.; Greenham, N. C.; Friend, R. H.; Moratti, S. C.; Holmes, A. B. Thin Solid Films 1996, 276, 13.
6. Vestweber, H.; Bässler, H.; Grüner, J.; Friend, R. H. Chem Phys. Lett. 1996, 256, 37.
7. Pei, Q.; Yang, Y.; Yu, G.; Zhang, C.; Heeger, A. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3922.
8. Cao, Y.; Yu, G.; Heeger, A. J.; Yang, C. Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996 68, 3218.
9. Yang, Y.; Pei, Q. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68, 2708.
10. (a) Pei, Q.; Yu, G.; Zhang, C.; Yang, Y.; Heeger, A. J. Science 1995, 269, 1086.
11. (b) Bard, A. J. Science 1996, 270, 718.
12. (c) Pei, Q.; Yu G.; Zhang, C.; Yang, Y.; Heeger, A. J. Science 1996, 270, 719.
13. Yu, G.; Yang, Y.; Cao, Y.; Pei, Q.; Zhang, C.; Heeger, A. J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1996, 259, 465.
14. Dick, D. J.; Heeger, A. J.; Yang, Y.; Pei, Q. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 985.
15. (a) Bruce, P. G., Ed. Solid State Electrochemistry; Cambridge University Press: New York, 1995.
16. (b) Lindford, R. G., Ed. Electrochemical Science and Technology of Polymers, vol. 1; Elsevier: New York, 1987.
17. (a) Watanabe, M.; Wooster, T. T.; Murray, R.W. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4573.
18. (b) Watanabe, M.; Longmire, M. L.; Murray, R. W. J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 2614.
19. (c) Geng, L.; Reed, R. A.; Longmire, M.; Murray, R. W. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 2908.
20. (a) Lehrer, F. A.; Reiss, H. J. Appl. Phys. 1962, 33, 2353.
21. (b) Riess, I. Phys. Rev. B 1987, 35, 5740.
22. Reiss, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 5164.
23. (a) Vorotyntsev, M. A.; Vieil, E.; Heinze, J. Russ. J. Electrochem. 1995, 31, 1112.
24. (b) Vorotyntsev, M. A. Synth. Met. 1993, 55-57, 4556.
25. (c) Vorotyntsev, M. A.; Daikhin, L. I.; Levi, M.D. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1992, 332, 213.
26. (d) Levi, M. D.; Vorotyntsev, M. A.; Kazarinov, V. E. Synth. Met. 1991, 41, 2923.
27. (e) Kazarinov, V. E.; Levi, M. D.; Skundin, A. M.; Vorotyntsev, M. A. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 271, 193.
28. (a) Smith, D.L. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 81, 2869.
29. (b) Davis, P. S.; Saxena, A.; Smith, D. L. J. Appl. Phys. 1995, 78, 4244.
30. (c) Campbell, I. H.; Smith, D. L.; Ferraris, J. P. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 66, 3030.
31. (a) Shinar, J. Synth. Met. 1996, 78, 277.
32. (b) Bronold, F. X.; Saxena, A.; Bishop, A. R. Phys. Rev. B 1993, 48, 13162.
33. (a) Reiss, H. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1988, 135, 247C.
34. (b) Reiss, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 3783.
35. Roy Morrison, S. Electrochemistry at Semiconductor and Oxidized Metal Electrodes; Plenum Press: New York, 1984; p 46.
36. Wang, S. Fundamentals of Semiconductor Theory and Device Physics; Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989.
37. (a) Maness, K.M.; Masui, H.; Wightman, R.M.; Murray, R.W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 1987.
38. (b) Maness, K.M.; Terrill, R.H.; Meyer, T.J.; Murray, R.W.; Wightman, R.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10609.
39. Sum, U.; Fesser, K.; Büttner, H. Phys. Rev. B 1989, 40, 10509.
40. Maness, K.M.; Terrill, R.H.; Meyer, T.J.; Murray, R.W.; R.M. Wightman J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10609.
41. (a) Salaneck, W. R.; Brédas, J. L. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 48.
42. (b) Hsieh, B. R.; Ettetgui, E.; Gao, Y. Synth. Met. 1996, 78, 269.
43. Planck, M. Ann. Phys. Chem. N.F. 1890, 39, 161.
44. (a) Levich, V.G. Physicochemical Hydrodynamics; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1962; p 249.
45. (b) Sandifer, J. R. In Ion-Transfer Kinetics; Sandifer, J. R., Ed.; VCH: New York, 1995; p 123.
46. (c) Mafé, S.; Pellicer, J.; Aguilella, V. M. J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 6045.
47. (d) McKelvey, J. P. Solid State Physics for Engineering and Materials Science; Krieger Publ. Co.: Malabar, FL, 1993; p 424.
48. (a) MacGillivray, A.D. J. Chem. Phys. 1968, 48, 2903.
49. (b) Rubinstein, I. Electrodiffusion of Ions; SIAM: Philadelphia, 1990; p 107.
50. (c) Mock, M.S. Analysis of Mathematical Models of Semiconductor Devices; Boole Press: Dublin, 1983; p 121.