메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 72, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 2335-2340

A novel point mutation at position 156 of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus confers resistance to the combination of (-)- β-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LAMIVUDINE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 0031911770     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.3.2335-2340.1998     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0025049031 scopus 로고
    • Immunologic abnormalities in pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus
    • Ackley, C. D., J. K. Yamamoto, N. Levy, N. C. Pedersen, and M. D. Cooper. 1990. Immunologic abnormalities in pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 64:5652-5655.
    • (1990) J. Virol. , vol.64 , pp. 5652-5655
    • Ackley, C.D.1    Yamamoto, J.K.2    Levy, N.3    Pedersen, N.C.4    Cooper, M.D.5
  • 2
    • 0029912274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of nucleoside analog antiviral activity and resistance during human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcription
    • Arts, E. J., and M. A. Wainberg. 1996. Mechanisms of nucleoside analog antiviral activity and resistance during human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcription. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:527-540.
    • (1996) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.40 , pp. 527-540
    • Arts, E.J.1    Wainberg, M.A.2
  • 3
    • 0029757751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced replication of 3TC-resistant HIV-1 variants in primary cells due to a processivity defect of the reverse transcriptase enzyme
    • Back, N. K. T., M. Nijhuis, W. Keulen, C. A. B. Boucher, B. B. O. Essink, A. B. P. van Kuilenburg, A. H. van Gennip, and B. Berkhout. 1996. Reduced replication of 3TC-resistant HIV-1 variants in primary cells due to a processivity defect of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. EMBO J. 15:4040-4049.
    • (1996) EMBO J. , vol.15 , pp. 4040-4049
    • Back, N.K.T.1    Nijhuis, M.2    Keulen, W.3    Boucher, C.A.B.4    Essink, B.B.O.5    Van Kuilenburg, A.B.P.6    Van Gennip, A.H.7    Berkhout, B.8
  • 5
    • 0026534342 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of enantiomerically pure (2′R,5′S)-(-)-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-oxathiolan-5-yl] cytosine as a potent antiviral agent against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
    • Beach, J. W., L. S. Jeong, A. J. Alves, D. Pohl, H. O. Kim, C.-N. Chang, S.-L. Doong, R. F. Schinazi, Y.-C. Cheng, and C. K. Chu. 1992. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure (2′R,5′S)-(-)-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-oxathiolan-5-yl] cytosine as a potent antiviral agent against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). J. Org. Chem. 57:2217-2219.
    • (1992) J. Org. Chem. , vol.57 , pp. 2217-2219
    • Beach, J.W.1    Jeong, L.S.2    Alves, A.J.3    Pohl, D.4    Kim, H.O.5    Chang, C.-N.6    Doong, S.-L.7    Schinazi, R.F.8    Cheng, Y.-C.9    Chu, C.K.10
  • 6
    • 0027373308 scopus 로고
    • High-level resistance to (-) enantiomeric 2′-deoxy-3′-thiacytidine in vitro is due to one amino acid substitution in the catalytic site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase
    • Boucher, C. A. B., N. Cammack, P. Schipper, R. Schuurman, P. Rouse, M. A. Wainberg, and J. M. Cameron. 1993. High-level resistance to (-) enantiomeric 2′-deoxy-3′-thiacytidine in vitro is due to one amino acid substitution in the catalytic site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:2231-2234.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 2231-2234
    • Boucher, C.A.B.1    Cammack, N.2    Schipper, P.3    Schuurman, R.4    Rouse, P.5    Wainberg, M.A.6    Cameron, J.M.7
  • 7
    • 12044254762 scopus 로고
    • In situ complexation directs the stereochemistry of N-glycosylation in the synthesis of oxathiolanyl and dioxythiolanyl nucleoside analogs
    • Choi, C. K., J. W. Beach, L. J. Wilson, S. Yeola, D. C. Liotta, and R. F. Schinazi. 1991. In situ complexation directs the stereochemistry of N-glycosylation in the synthesis of oxathiolanyl and dioxythiolanyl nucleoside analogs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:9337-9379.
    • (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.113 , pp. 9337-9379
    • Choi, C.K.1    Beach, J.W.2    Wilson, L.J.3    Yeola, S.4    Liotta, D.C.5    Schinazi, R.F.6
  • 9
    • 0026806042 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus by analogs of 2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-triphosphate
    • Cronn, R. C., K. M. Remington, B. D. Preston, and T. W. North. 1992. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus by analogs of 2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-triphosphate. Biochem. Pharmacol. 44:1375-1381.
    • (1992) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.44 , pp. 1375-1381
    • Cronn, R.C.1    Remington, K.M.2    Preston, B.D.3    North, T.W.4
  • 11
    • 0027964486 scopus 로고
    • Development of clinical disease in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus
    • English, R. V., P. Nelson, C. M. Johnson, M. Nasisse, W. A. Tompkins, and M. B. Tompkins. 1994. Development of clinical disease in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J. Infect. Dis. 170:543-552.
    • (1994) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.170 , pp. 543-552
    • English, R.V.1    Nelson, P.2    Johnson, C.M.3    Nasisse, M.4    Tompkins, W.A.5    Tompkins, M.B.6
  • 12
    • 0026529145 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene mutations which cause decreased susceptibility to 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine
    • Fitzgibbon, J. E., R. M. Howell, C. A. Haberzettl, S. J. Sperber, D. J. Gocke, and D. T. Dubin. 1992. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene mutations which cause decreased susceptibility to 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:153-157.
    • (1992) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.36 , pp. 153-157
    • Fitzgibbon, J.E.1    Howell, R.M.2    Haberzettl, C.A.3    Sperber, S.J.4    Gocke, D.J.5    Dubin, D.T.6
  • 13
    • 0027506940 scopus 로고
    • Generation of drug-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by in vitro passage in increasing concentrations of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine and 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine
    • Gao, Q., Z. Gu, J. Hiscott, G. Dionne, and M. A. Wainberg. 1993. Generation of drug-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by in vitro passage in increasing concentrations of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine and 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:130-133.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 130-133
    • Gao, Q.1    Gu, Z.2    Hiscott, J.3    Dionne, G.4    Wainberg, M.A.5
  • 14
    • 0027155374 scopus 로고
    • The same mutation that encodes low-level human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine and 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine confers high-level resistance to the (-) enantiomer of 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine
    • Gao, Q., Z. Gu, M. A. Parniak, I. Cameron, N. Cammack, C. Boucher, and M. A. Wainberg. 1993. The same mutation that encodes low-level human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine and 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine confers high-level resistance to the (-) enantiomer of 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:1390-1392.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 1390-1392
    • Gao, Q.1    Gu, Z.2    Parniak, M.A.3    Cameron, I.4    Cammack, N.5    Boucher, C.6    Wainberg, M.A.7
  • 15
    • 0026542755 scopus 로고
    • In vitro selection of variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine and 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine
    • Gao, Q., Z. Gu, M. A. Parniak, X. Li, and M. A. Wainberg. 1992. In vitro selection of variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine and 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine. J. Virol. 66:12-19.
    • (1992) J. Virol. , vol.66 , pp. 12-19
    • Gao, Q.1    Gu, Z.2    Parniak, M.A.3    Li, X.4    Wainberg, M.A.5
  • 16
    • 0028209173 scopus 로고
    • Multiple-drug-resistant mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus selected with 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine alone and in combination with 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine
    • Gobert, J. M., K. M. Remington, Y.-Q. Zhu, and T. W. North. 1994. Multiple-drug-resistant mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus selected with 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine alone and in combination with 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:861-864.
    • (1994) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.38 , pp. 861-864
    • Gobert, J.M.1    Remington, K.M.2    Zhu, Y.-Q.3    North, T.W.4
  • 17
    • 0028057581 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a mutation at codon 65 in the IKKK motif of reverse transcriptase that encodes human immunodeficiency virus resistance to 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine and 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine
    • Gu, Z., Q. Gao, H. Fang, H. Salomon, M. A. Parniak, E. Goldberg, J. Cameron, and M. A. Wainberg. 1994. Identification of a mutation at codon 65 in the IKKK motif of reverse transcriptase that encodes human immunodeficiency virus resistance to 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine and 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:275-281.
    • (1994) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.38 , pp. 275-281
    • Gu, Z.1    Gao, Q.2    Fang, H.3    Salomon, H.4    Parniak, M.A.5    Goldberg, E.6    Cameron, J.7    Wainberg, M.A.8
  • 18
    • 0026483089 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme-mediated enantioselective preparation of pure enantiomers of the antiviral agent 2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3′-thiacytidine [(-(-FTC] and related compounds
    • Hoong, L. K., L. E. Strange, D. C. Liotta, G. W. Koszalka, C. L. Burns, and R. F. Schinazi. 1992. Enzyme-mediated enantioselective preparation of pure enantiomers of the antiviral agent 2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3′-thiacytidine [(-(-FTC] and related compounds. J. Org. Chem. 57:5563-5585.
    • (1992) J. Org. Chem. , vol.57 , pp. 5563-5585
    • Hoong, L.K.1    Strange, L.E.2    Liotta, D.C.3    Koszalka, G.W.4    Burns, C.L.5    Schinazi, R.F.6
  • 19
    • 0030048748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains resulting from combination antiretroviral chemotherapy
    • Iversen, A. K. N., R. W. Shafer, K. Wehrly, M. A. Winters, J. I. Mullins, B. Chesebro, and T. C. Merigan. 1996. Multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains resulting from combination antiretroviral chemotherapy. J. Virol. 70:1086-1090.
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , pp. 1086-1090
    • Iversen, A.K.N.1    Shafer, R.W.2    Wehrly, K.3    Winters, M.A.4    Mullins, J.I.5    Chesebro, B.6    Merigan, T.C.7
  • 21
    • 0028843163 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants with decreased sensitivity to proteinase inhibitor Ro 31-8959
    • Jacobsen, H., K. Yasargil, D. L. Winslow, J. C. Craig, A. Krohn, I. B. Duncan, and J. Mous. 1995. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants with decreased sensitivity to proteinase inhibitor Ro 31-8959. Virology 206:527-534.
    • (1995) Virology , vol.206 , pp. 527-534
    • Jacobsen, H.1    Yasargil, K.2    Winslow, D.L.3    Craig, J.C.4    Krohn, A.5    Duncan, I.B.6    Mous, J.7
  • 23
    • 0030896362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial appearance of 184Ile variant in lamivudine-treated patients can be explained by the mutational bias of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase
    • Keulen, W., N. K. T. Back, A. van Wijk, C. Boucher, and B. Berkhout. 1997. Initial appearance of 184Ile variant in lamivudine-treated patients can be explained by the mutational bias of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. J. Virol. 71:3346-3350.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 3346-3350
    • Keulen, W.1    Back, N.K.T.2    Van Wijk, A.3    Boucher, C.4    Berkhout, B.5
  • 24
    • 0026693137 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure at 3.5 Å of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with an inhibitor
    • Kohlstaedt, L. A., J. Wang, J. M. Friedman, P. A. Rice, and T. A. Steitz. 1992. Crystal structure at 3.5 Å of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with an inhibitor. Science 256:1783-1790.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 1783-1790
    • Kohlstaedt, L.A.1    Wang, J.2    Friedman, J.M.3    Rice, P.A.4    Steitz, T.A.5
  • 25
    • 0026042638 scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus selected by passage in cell culture
    • Larder, B. A., K. E. Coates, and S. D. Kemp. 1991. Zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus selected by passage in cell culture. J. Virol. 65:5232-5236.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 5232-5236
    • Larder, B.A.1    Coates, K.E.2    Kemp, S.D.3
  • 26
    • 0024508058 scopus 로고
    • HIV with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine (AZT) isolated during prolonged therapy
    • Larder, B. A., G. Darby, and D. D. Richman. 1989. HIV with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine (AZT) isolated during prolonged therapy. Science 243:1731-1734.
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 1731-1734
    • Larder, B.A.1    Darby, G.2    Richman, D.D.3
  • 27
    • 0024310253 scopus 로고
    • Multiple mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confer high-level resistance to zidovudine (AZT)
    • Larder, B. A., and S. D. Kemp. 1989. Multiple mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confer high-level resistance to zidovudine (AZT). Science 246: 1155-1158.
    • (1989) Science , vol.246 , pp. 1155-1158
    • Larder, B.A.1    Kemp, S.D.2
  • 28
    • 0029028067 scopus 로고
    • Potential mechanism for sustained antiretroviral efficacy of AZT-3TC combination therapy
    • Larder, B. A., S. D. Kemp, and P. R. Harington. 1995. Potential mechanism for sustained antiretroviral efficacy of AZT-3TC combination therapy. Science 269:696-699.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 696-699
    • Larder, B.A.1    Kemp, S.D.2    Harington, P.R.3
  • 29
    • 0029815110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase during therapy of transplant recipients with lamivudine
    • Ling, R., D. Mortimer, M. Ahmed, E. H. Boxall, E. Elias, G. M. Dusheiko, and T. J. Harrison. 1996. Selection of mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase during therapy of transplant recipients with lamivudine. Hepatology 24:711-713.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 711-713
    • Ling, R.1    Mortimer, D.2    Ahmed, M.3    Boxall, E.H.4    Elias, E.5    Dusheiko, G.M.6    Harrison, T.J.7
  • 30
    • 0027379732 scopus 로고
    • Infectious amplification of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus from patients' lymphocytes and modulation by reverse transcriptase inhibitors in vitro
    • Mathez, D., R. F. Schinazi, D. Liotta, and J. Leibowitch. 1993. Infectious amplification of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus from patients' lymphocytes and modulation by reverse transcriptase inhibitors in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:875-881.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 875-881
    • Mathez, D.1    Schinazi, R.F.2    Liotta, D.3    Leibowitch, J.4
  • 31
    • 0029865203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection and characterization of a mutant of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine
    • Medlin, H. K., Y.-Q. Zhu, K. M. Remington, T. R. Phillips, and T. W. North. 1996. Selection and characterization of a mutant of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40: 953-957.
    • (1996) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.40 , pp. 953-957
    • Medlin, H.K.1    Zhu, Y.-Q.2    Remington, K.M.3    Phillips, T.R.4    North, T.W.5
  • 32
    • 0029968740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closing in on human immunodeficiency virus-1
    • Mellors, J. W. 1996. Closing in on human immunodeficiency virus-1. Nat. Med. 2:274-275.
    • (1996) Nat. Med. , vol.2 , pp. 274-275
    • Mellors, J.W.1
  • 33
    • 0024998733 scopus 로고
    • Direct comparisons of inhibitor sensitivities of reverse transcriptases from feline and human immunodeficiency viruses
    • North, T. W., R. C. Cronn, K. M. Remington, and R. T. Tandberg. 1990. Direct comparisons of inhibitor sensitivities of reverse transcriptases from feline and human immunodeficiency viruses. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:1505-1507.
    • (1990) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.34 , pp. 1505-1507
    • North, T.W.1    Cronn, R.C.2    Remington, K.M.3    Tandberg, R.T.4
  • 34
    • 0025248568 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus
    • North, T. W., R. C. Cronn, K. M. Remington, R. T. Tandberg, and R. C. Judd. 1990. Characterization of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus. J. Biol. Chem. 265:5121-5128.
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 5121-5128
    • North, T.W.1    Cronn, R.C.2    Remington, K.M.3    Tandberg, R.T.4    Judd, R.C.5
  • 35
    • 0028123637 scopus 로고
    • Expression of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus in Escherichia coli
    • North, T. W., G. L. Hansen, Y.-Q. Zhu, J. A. Grifin, and C.-K. Shih. 1994. Expression of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus in Escherichia coli. Antimiciob. Agents Chemother. 38:388-391.
    • (1994) Antimiciob. Agents Chemother. , vol.38 , pp. 388-391
    • North, T.W.1    Hansen, G.L.2    Zhu, Y.-Q.3    Grifin, J.A.4    Shih, C.-K.5
  • 36
    • 0029045521 scopus 로고
    • Testing HIV-1 drugs in the FIV model
    • North, T. W, and R. A. LaCasse. 1995. Testing HIV-1 drugs in the FIV model. Nat. Med. 1:410-411.
    • (1995) Nat. Med. , vol.1 , pp. 410-411
    • North, T.W.1    Lacasse, R.A.2
  • 37
    • 0024332802 scopus 로고
    • Feline immunodeficiency virus: A model for reverse transcriptase-targeted chemotherapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome
    • North, T. W., G. L. T. North, and N. C. Pedersen. 1989. Feline immunodeficiency virus: a model for reverse transcriptase-targeted chemotherapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33: 915-919.
    • (1989) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.33 , pp. 915-919
    • North, T.W.1    North, G.L.T.2    Pedersen, N.C.3
  • 38
    • 0024366204 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus: Genome organization and relationship to other lentiviruses
    • Olmsted, R. A., V. M. Hirsch, R. H. Purcell, and P. R. Johnson. 1989. Nucleotide sequence analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus: genome organization and relationship to other lentiviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8088-8092.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 8088-8092
    • Olmsted, R.A.1    Hirsch, V.M.2    Purcell, R.H.3    Johnson, P.R.4
  • 39
    • 0027219220 scopus 로고
    • In vitro isolation and identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants with reduced sensitivity to C-2 symmetrical inhibitors of HIV type 1 protease
    • Otto, M. J., S. Garber, D. L. Winslow, C. D. Reid, P. Aldrich, P. K. Jadhav, C. E. Pattersen, C. N. Hodge, and Y.-S. E. Cheng. 1993. In vitro isolation and identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants with reduced sensitivity to C-2 symmetrical inhibitors of HIV type 1 protease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7543-7547.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 7543-7547
    • Otto, M.J.1    Garber, S.2    Winslow, D.L.3    Reid, C.D.4    Aldrich, P.5    Jadhav, P.K.6    Pattersen, C.E.7    Hodge, C.N.8    Cheng, Y.-S.E.9
  • 40
    • 0030060362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of methionine 184 of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase in the polymerase function and fidelity of DNA synthesis
    • Pandey, V. N., N. Kaushik, N. Rege, S. G. Sarafianos, P. N. S. Vadav, and M. J. Modak. 1996. Role of methionine 184 of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase in the polymerase function and fidelity of DNA synthesis. Biochemistry 35:2168-2179.
    • (1996) Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 2168-2179
    • Pandey, V.N.1    Kaushik, N.2    Rege, N.3    Sarafianos, S.G.4    Vadav, P.N.S.5    Modak, M.J.6
  • 42
    • 0000539970 scopus 로고
    • The feline immunodeficiency virus
    • J. A. Levy (ed.), Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
    • Pedersen, N. C. 1993. The feline immunodeficiency virus, p. 181-219. In J. A. Levy (ed.), The Retroviridae, vol. 2. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
    • (1993) The Retroviridae , vol.2 , pp. 181-219
    • Pedersen, N.C.1
  • 43
    • 0023137671 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of a T-lymphotrophic virus from domestic cats with an immunodeficiency-like syndrome
    • Pedersen, N. C., E. W. Ho, M. L. Brown, and J. K. Yamamoto. 1987. Isolation of a T-lymphotrophic virus from domestic cats with an immunodeficiency-like syndrome. Science 235:790-793.
    • (1987) Science , vol.235 , pp. 790-793
    • Pedersen, N.C.1    Ho, E.W.2    Brown, M.L.3    Yamamoto, J.K.4
  • 46
    • 0026051129 scopus 로고
    • Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine
    • Remington, K. M., B. Chesebro, K. Wehrly, N. C. Pedersen, and T. W. North. 1991. Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. J. Virol. 65:308-312.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 308-312
    • Remington, K.M.1    Chesebro, B.2    Wehrly, K.3    Pedersen, N.C.4    North, T.W.5
  • 47
    • 0028012038 scopus 로고
    • Rapid phenotypic reversion of zidovudine-resistant feline immunodeficiency virus without loss of drug-resistant reverse transcriptase
    • Remington, K. M., Y.-Q. Zhu, T. R. Phillips, and T. W. North. 1994. Rapid phenotypic reversion of zidovudine-resistant feline immunodeficiency virus without loss of drug-resistant reverse transcriptase. J. Virol. 68:632-637.
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 632-637
    • Remington, K.M.1    Zhu, Y.-Q.2    Phillips, T.R.3    North, T.W.4
  • 48
    • 0027278781 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus to antiretroviral agents
    • Richman, D. D. 1993. Resistance of clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus to antiretroviral agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37: 1207-1213.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 1207-1213
    • Richman, D.D.1
  • 50
    • 0029838243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance
    • Schinazi, R. F., B. A. Larder, and J. W. Mellors. 1996. Mutations in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance. Int. Antiviral News 4:95-107.
    • (1996) Int. Antiviral News , vol.4 , pp. 95-107
    • Schinazi, R.F.1    Larder, B.A.2    Mellors, J.W.3
  • 54
    • 0031047825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel Met-to-Thr mutation in the YMDD motif of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus confers resistance to oxathiolane nucleosides
    • Smith, R. A., K. M. Remington, R. M. Lloyd, Jr., R. F. Schinazi, and T. W. North. 1997. A novel Met-to-Thr mutation in the YMDD motif of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus confers resistance to oxathiolane nucleosides. J. Virol. 71:2357-2363.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 2357-2363
    • Smith, R.A.1    Remington, K.M.2    Lloyd Jr., R.M.3    Schinazi, R.F.4    North, T.W.5
  • 58
    • 0027285372 scopus 로고
    • Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase
    • Tisdale, M., S. D. Kemp, N. M. Parry, and B. A. Larder. 1993. Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5653-5656.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 5653-5656
    • Tisdale, M.1    Kemp, S.D.2    Parry, N.M.3    Larder, B.A.4
  • 62
    • 9544227480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′,3′-didehydrothymidine
    • Zhu, Y.-Q., K. M. Remington, and T. W. North. 1996. Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′,3′-didehydrothymidine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:1983-1987.
    • (1996) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.40 , pp. 1983-1987
    • Zhu, Y.-Q.1    Remington, K.M.2    North, T.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.