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Volumn 271, Issue 5253, 1996, Pages 1282-1285

Enhanced fidelity of 3TC-selected mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIVIRUS AGENT; DELAVIRDINE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIBODY; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; SAQUINAVIR; VIRUS ENZYME; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 13344294407     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5253.1282     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (295)

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    • The sequence of the template oligonuoleotide was as follows. 5′ -GTGGAAAATCTCTAGCAGTGGCGC-CCGAACAGGGACCTGAAAGCG-3′ The four primers that were used to study nucleotide insertion opposite A, C, G, and T, respectively, were as follows; 5′-CGCTTTCAGGTCCCTGTTCGGGCGCCAC-3′ (PBS-A), 5′-CGCTTTCAGGTCCCTGTTCGGGCG-CCACT-3′ (PBS-C), 5′-CGCTTTCAGGTCCCTGT-TCGGGCGCCA-3′ (PBS-G). and 5′-CGCTTTCAG-GTCCCTGTTCGGGCGCCACTGCT-3′ (PBS-T).
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    • 2. A series of reactions was carried out at 37°C with increasing concentrations of dNTP for an empirically determined reaction time to allow the conversion of about 25% of primer to extension product Reactions were terminated by the addition of 30 μl of stop solution (95% formamide and 20 mM EDTA). The boiled terminated reaction (2 to 8 μl) was loaded onto a 12 to 18% polyacrylamide-urea gel and electrophoresed for 1 75 to 2 5 hours at 30 W. Gels were then autoradiographed within the linear-response range of the film. The products included not only primers extended by one nucleotide (n+1), but in some instances those that were the result of a mispair extension. An important concern in this type of experiment is whether the primer extensions were due to contaminating correct dNTP This problem is particularly common while studying the insertion of dCTP opposite template base A, because dCTP preparations accumulate dUTP generated by spontaneous deamination. Efforts were made to ensure the absence of such contaminating correct dNTPs in our experiments. First, all the dNTPs were commercial preparations that were HPLC-analyzed. No traces of correct dNTPs were present as reported by the supplier. If any contaminating correct dNTPs were present, they would be at subnanomolar concentrations that would poorly catalyze the insertion reaction. Second, at high resolution, misinsertion products often display altered mobilities when compared to products resulting from correct insertion. We find that nearly all types of misinsertions displayed altered mobilities. Most importantly, with regard to AC mispair formation, a definite difference was seen between the mobility of dCTP-extended PBS-A primer and dTTP-extended PBS-A primer, strongly suggesting that the dCTP-misinsertion and not dUTP (possibly derived from deamination) insertion was examined.
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    • Supported by the U.S. Public Health Service (research grants RO1 Al-30861 and UO1 Al-24845 to V.R.P.) and by the Medical Research Council of Canada and Health Canada (to M.A.W.). W C.D. was supported by a developmental postdoctoral fellowship from the Centers for AIDS Research (P30-Al-27741) at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and by an institutional training grant (1T32-Al-07501). We are grateful to individuals who played leading roles in each of the 3TC monotherapy studies in which we participated: J. Pluda, R. Yarchoan, P. PIZZO, L. Lewis, J. Goldsmith, J. Church, S. Wheeler, J. Montaner, T. Cooley, A. Keller, and M. Rubin.


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