메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 359-366

Mechanisms causing loss of lean body mass in kidney disease

Author keywords

Chronic renal failure; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Kidney disease; Lean body mass; Proteasome; Proteolysis; Robert H Herman Memorial Award in Clinical Nutrition; Ubiquitin; Uremia

Indexed keywords

2 OXOISOVALERATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE); BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; GLUCOCORTICOID; INSULIN; PROTEASOME; UBIQUITIN; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; MULTIENZYME COMPLEX; MUSCLE PROTEIN;

EID: 0031911147     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/67.3.359     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (118)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0015271130 scopus 로고
    • Body composition in chronic renal failure
    • Coles GA. Body composition in chronic renal failure. Q J Med 1972;41:25-47.
    • (1972) Q J Med , vol.41 , pp. 25-47
    • Coles, G.A.1
  • 2
    • 0029063190 scopus 로고
    • Why are dialysis patients malnourished?
    • Bergstrom J. Why are dialysis patients malnourished? Am J Kidney Dis 1995;26:229-41.
    • (1995) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.26 , pp. 229-241
    • Bergstrom, J.1
  • 3
    • 0003379528 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional support in acute renal failure
    • Mitch WE, Klahr S, eds. Boston: Little, Brown and Company
    • Druml W. Nutritional support in acute renal failure. In: Mitch WE, Klahr S, eds. Nutrition and the kidney. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1993:314-45.
    • (1993) Nutrition and the Kidney. 2nd Ed. , pp. 314-345
    • Druml, W.1
  • 4
    • 0030842442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nutrition in prevention of the progression of renal disease
    • Maroni BJ, Mitch WE. Role of nutrition in prevention of the progression of renal disease. Annu Rev Nutr 1997;17:435-55.
    • (1997) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.17 , pp. 435-455
    • Maroni, B.J.1    Mitch, W.E.2
  • 5
    • 0025300351 scopus 로고
    • Death risk in hemodialysis patients: The predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of the death rate differences among facilities
    • Lowrie EG, Lew NL. Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of the death rate differences among facilities. Am J Kidney Dis 1990;15:458-82.
    • (1990) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.15 , pp. 458-482
    • Lowrie, E.G.1    Lew, N.L.2
  • 6
    • 50549203502 scopus 로고
    • Use of exogenous and endogenous urea for protein synthesis in normal and uremic subjects
    • Giordano C. Use of exogenous and endogenous urea for protein synthesis in normal and uremic subjects. J Lab Clin Med 1963;62:231-46.
    • (1963) J Lab Clin Med , vol.62 , pp. 231-246
    • Giordano, C.1
  • 8
    • 85040846424 scopus 로고
    • Energy and protein requirements
    • FAO/WHO/UNU. Energy and protein requirements. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1985;724.
    • (1985) World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser , pp. 724
  • 9
    • 0008469236 scopus 로고
    • Requirements for protein, calories, and fat in the predialysis patient
    • Mitch WE, Klahr S, eds. Boston: Little, Brown and Co
    • Maroni BJ. Requirements for protein, calories, and fat in the predialysis patient. In: Mitch WE, Klahr S, eds. Nutrition and the kidney. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1993:185-212.
    • (1993) Nutrition and the Kidney. 2nd Ed. , pp. 185-212
    • Maroni, B.J.1
  • 10
    • 0019976547 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of a new ketoacid-amino acid supplement in patients with chronic renal failure
    • Mitch WE, Abras E, Walser M. Long-term effects of a new ketoacid-amino acid supplement in patients with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1982;22:48-53.
    • (1982) Kidney Int , vol.22 , pp. 48-53
    • Mitch, W.E.1    Abras, E.2    Walser, M.3
  • 11
    • 0028923331 scopus 로고
    • Long-term adaptive responses to dietary protein restriction in chronic renal failure
    • Tom K, Young VR, Chapman T, Masud T, Akpele L, Maroni BJ. Long-term adaptive responses to dietary protein restriction in chronic renal failure. Am J Physiol 1995;268:E668-77.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268
    • Tom, K.1    Young, V.R.2    Chapman, T.3    Masud, T.4    Akpele, L.5    Maroni, B.J.6
  • 12
    • 0028069356 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of survival in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The importance of prealbumin and other nutritional and metabolic markers
    • Avram MM, Goldwasser P, Erroa M, Fein PA. Predictors of survival in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The importance of prealbumin and other nutritional and metabolic markers. Am J Kidney Dis 1994;23:91-8.
    • (1994) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.23 , pp. 91-98
    • Avram, M.M.1    Goldwasser, P.2    Erroa, M.3    Fein, P.A.4
  • 14
    • 0022653253 scopus 로고
    • Effect of energy intake on nitrogen metabolism in nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure
    • Kopple JD, Monteon FJ, Shaib JK. Effect of energy intake on nitrogen metabolism in nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1986;29:734-42.
    • (1986) Kidney Int , vol.29 , pp. 734-742
    • Kopple, J.D.1    Monteon, F.J.2    Shaib, J.K.3
  • 16
    • 9844242129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary protein restriction on nutritional status in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study
    • Kopple JD, Levey AS, Greene T, et al. Effect of dietary protein restriction on nutritional status in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. Kidney Int 1997;52:778-91.
    • (1997) Kidney Int , vol.52 , pp. 778-791
    • Kopple, J.D.1    Levey, A.S.2    Greene, T.3
  • 17
    • 0027436676 scopus 로고
    • Does prolonged protein restriction preceding dialysis lead to protein malnutrition at the onset of dialysis?
    • Walser M. Does prolonged protein restriction preceding dialysis lead to protein malnutrition at the onset of dialysis? Kidney Int 1993;44:1139-44.
    • (1993) Kidney Int , vol.44 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Walser, M.1
  • 18
    • 57249097740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline nutritional characteristics of the HEMO Study participants: Interim report
    • abstr
    • Maroni BJ, Burkart J, Burrowes J, et al. Baseline nutritional characteristics of the HEMO Study participants: interim report. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7:1456 (abstr).
    • (1996) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.7 , pp. 1456
    • Maroni, B.J.1    Burkart, J.2    Burrowes, J.3
  • 19
    • 0028851849 scopus 로고
    • Survival on dialysis among chronic renal failure patients treated with a supplemented low-protein diet before dialysis
    • Coresh J, Walser M, Hill S. Survival on dialysis among chronic renal failure patients treated with a supplemented low-protein diet before dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995;6:1379-85.
    • (1995) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.6 , pp. 1379-1385
    • Coresh, J.1    Walser, M.2    Hill, S.3
  • 22
    • 0030926828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms permitting nephrotic patients to achieve nitrogen equilibrium with a protein-restricted diet
    • Maroni BJ, Staffeld C, Young VR, Manatunga A, Tom K. Mechanisms permitting nephrotic patients to achieve nitrogen equilibrium with a protein-restricted diet. J Clin Invest 1997;99:2479-87.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.99 , pp. 2479-2487
    • Maroni, B.J.1    Staffeld, C.2    Young, V.R.3    Manatunga, A.4    Tom, K.5
  • 23
    • 0023544639 scopus 로고
    • Acidosis, not azotemia, stimulates branched-chain amino acid catabolism in uremic rats
    • Hara Y, May RC, Kelly RA, Mitch WE. Acidosis, not azotemia, stimulates branched-chain amino acid catabolism in uremic rats. Kidney Int 1987;32:808-14.
    • (1987) Kidney Int , vol.32 , pp. 808-814
    • Hara, Y.1    May, R.C.2    Kelly, R.A.3    Mitch, W.E.4
  • 24
    • 0030009316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acidosis of chronic renal failure activates muscle proteolysis in rats by augmenting transcription of genes encoding proteins of the ATP-dependent, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
    • Bailey JL, Wang X, England BK, Price SR, Ding X, Mitch WE. The acidosis of chronic renal failure activates muscle proteolysis in rats by augmenting transcription of genes encoding proteins of the ATP-dependent, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. J Clin Invest 1996;97:1447-53.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , pp. 1447-1453
    • Bailey, J.L.1    Wang, X.2    England, B.K.3    Price, S.R.4    Ding, X.5    Mitch, W.E.6
  • 25
    • 0026792869 scopus 로고
    • Ammonium chloride-induced acidosis increases protein breakdown and amino acid oxidation in humans
    • Reaich D, Channon SM, Scrimgeour CM, Goodship THJ. Ammonium chloride-induced acidosis increases protein breakdown and amino acid oxidation in humans. Am J Physiol 1992;263:E735-9.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.263
    • Reaich, D.1    Channon, S.M.2    Scrimgeour, C.M.3    Goodship, T.H.J.4
  • 27
    • 0025992595 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis and skeletal muscle adaptation to low protein diets in chronic uremia
    • Williams B, Hattersley J, Layward E, Walls J. Metabolic acidosis and skeletal muscle adaptation to low protein diets in chronic uremia. Kidney Int 1991;40:779-86.
    • (1991) Kidney Int , vol.40 , pp. 779-786
    • Williams, B.1    Hattersley, J.2    Layward, E.3    Walls, J.4
  • 28
  • 29
    • 0030593939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of muscle wasting: The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system
    • Mitch WE, Goldberg AL. Mechanisms of muscle wasting: the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1897-905.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1897-1905
    • Mitch, W.E.1    Goldberg, A.L.2
  • 31
    • 0021201911 scopus 로고
    • Specificity of the effect of leucine and its metabolites on protein degradation in skeletal muscle
    • Mitch WE, Clark AS. Specificity of the effect of leucine and its metabolites on protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Biochem J 1984;222:579-86.
    • (1984) Biochem J , vol.222 , pp. 579-586
    • Mitch, W.E.1    Clark, A.S.2
  • 32
    • 0003059692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional therapy of the uremic patient
    • Brenner BM, Rector FC, eds. New York: WB Saunders
    • Mitch WE, Walser M. Nutritional therapy of the uremic patient. In: Brenner BM, Rector FC, eds. The kidney. 5th ed. New York: WB Saunders, 1996:2382-423.
    • (1996) The Kidney. 5th Ed. , pp. 2382-2423
    • Mitch, W.E.1    Walser, M.2
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0028873202 scopus 로고
    • Rat muscle branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase activity and mRNAs increase with extracellular acidemia
    • England BK, Greiber S, Mitch WE, et al. Rat muscle branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase activity and mRNAs increase with extracellular acidemia. Am J Physiol 1995;268:C1395-400.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268
    • England, B.K.1    Greiber, S.2    Mitch, W.E.3
  • 35
    • 0029945963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids and acidosis stimulate protein and amino acid catabolism in vivo
    • May RC, Bailey JL, Mitch WE, Masud T, England BK. Glucocorticoids and acidosis stimulate protein and amino acid catabolism in vivo. Kidney Int 1996;49:679-83.
    • (1996) Kidney Int , vol.49 , pp. 679-683
    • May, R.C.1    Bailey, J.L.2    Mitch, W.E.3    Masud, T.4    England, B.K.5
  • 36
    • 0030743152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase flux by extracellular pH and glucocorticoids
    • Wang X, Jurkovitz C, Price SR. Regulation of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase flux by extracellular pH and glucocorticoids. Am J Physiol 1997;272:C2031-6.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.272
    • Wang, X.1    Jurkovitz, C.2    Price, S.R.3
  • 37
    • 0025853402 scopus 로고
    • The effect of metabolic acidosis on amino and keto acid metabolism in chronic renal failure
    • Mochizuki T. The effect of metabolic acidosis on amino and keto acid metabolism in chronic renal failure. Jpn J Nephrol 1991;33:213-24.
    • (1991) Jpn J Nephrol , vol.33 , pp. 213-224
    • Mochizuki, T.1
  • 38
    • 0030732976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correction of metabolic acidosis in dialysis patients increases branched-chain and total essential amino acids
    • Lofberg E, Wernerman J, Anderstam B, Bergstrom J. Correction of metabolic acidosis in dialysis patients increases branched-chain and total essential amino acids. Clin Nephrol 1997;48:230-7.
    • (1997) Clin Nephrol , vol.48 , pp. 230-237
    • Lofberg, E.1    Wernerman, J.2    Anderstam, B.3    Bergstrom, J.4
  • 39
    • 0027980321 scopus 로고
    • The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is required for processing the NF-κB1 precursor protein and the activation of NF-κB
    • Palombella VJ, Rando OJ, Goldberg AL, Maniatis T. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is required for processing the NF-κB1 precursor protein and the activation of NF-κB. Cell 1994;78:773-85.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 773-785
    • Palombella, V.J.1    Rando, O.J.2    Goldberg, A.L.3    Maniatis, T.4
  • 40
    • 0027358723 scopus 로고
    • The HPV-16E6 and E6AP complex functions as a ubiquitin protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53
    • Scheffner M, Huilegtse JM, Viestra RD, Howley PM. The HPV-16E6 and E6AP complex functions as a ubiquitin protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53. Cell 1993;75:495-505.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 495-505
    • Scheffner, M.1    Huilegtse, J.M.2    Viestra, R.D.3    Howley, P.M.4
  • 41
    • 0028858161 scopus 로고
    • Multiple proteolytic systems, including the proteasome contribute CFTR processing
    • Jensen TJ, Loo MA, Pind S, Williams DB, Goldberg AL, Riordan JR. Multiple proteolytic systems, including the proteasome contribute CFTR processing. Cell 1995;83:129-35.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 129-135
    • Jensen, T.J.1    Loo, M.A.2    Pind, S.3    Williams, D.B.4    Goldberg, A.L.5    Riordan, J.R.6
  • 42
    • 0027980319 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitors of the proteasome block the degradation of most cell proteins and the generation of peptides presented on MHC class 1 molecules
    • Rock KL, Gramm C, Rothstein L, et al. Inhibitors of the proteasome block the degradation of most cell proteins and the generation of peptides presented on MHC class 1 molecules. Cell 1994;78:761-71.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 761-771
    • Rock, K.L.1    Gramm, C.2    Rothstein, L.3
  • 43
    • 0030016595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes
    • Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL. Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. Annu Rev Biochem 1996;65:801-47.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.65 , pp. 801-847
    • Coux, O.1    Tanaka, K.2    Goldberg, A.L.3
  • 44
    • 0026663539 scopus 로고
    • The ubiquitin system for protein degradation
    • Hershko A, Cieehanover A. The ubiquitin system for protein degradation. Annu Rev Biochem 1992;61:761-807.
    • (1992) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.61 , pp. 761-807
    • Hershko, A.1    Cieehanover, A.2
  • 45
    • 0029042511 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of the 20S proteasome from the Archaeon T. acidophilum at 3.4 A resolution
    • Lowe J, Stock D, Jap B, Zwickl P, Baumeister W, Huber R. Crystal structure of the 20S proteasome from the Archaeon T. acidophilum at 3.4 A resolution. Science 1993;268:533-9.
    • (1993) Science , vol.268 , pp. 533-539
    • Lowe, J.1    Stock, D.2    Jap, B.3    Zwickl, P.4    Baumeister, W.5    Huber, R.6
  • 47
    • 0028150688 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of the multicatalytic proteinase complex (Proteasome) by substrate-related peptidyl aldehydes
    • Vinitsky A, Cardozo C, Sepp-Lorenzino L, Michaud C, Orlowski M. Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of the multicatalytic proteinase complex (Proteasome) by substrate-related peptidyl aldehydes. J Biol Chem 1994;269:29860-6.
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 29860-29866
    • Vinitsky, A.1    Cardozo, C.2    Sepp-Lorenzino, L.3    Michaud, C.4    Orlowski, M.5
  • 48
    • 0027460118 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting
    • Wing SS, Goldberg AL. Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting. Am J Physiol 1993;264:E668-76.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264
    • Wing, S.S.1    Goldberg, A.L.2
  • 49
    • 0028212481 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis stimulates muscle protein degradation by activating the ATP-dependent pathway involving ubiquitin and proteasomes
    • Mitch WE, Medina R,Greiber S, et al. Metabolic acidosis stimulates muscle protein degradation by activating the ATP-dependent pathway involving ubiquitin and proteasomes. J Clin Invest 1994;93:2127-33.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.93 , pp. 2127-2133
    • Mitch, W.E.1    Medina, R.2    Greiber, S.3
  • 50
    • 0029861468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle wasting in insulinopenic rats results from activation of the ATP-dependent, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by a mechanism including gene transcription
    • Price SR, Bailey JL, Wang X, et al. Muscle wasting in insulinopenic rats results from activation of the ATP-dependent, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by a mechanism including gene transcription. J Clin Invest 1996;98:1703-8.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 1703-1708
    • Price, S.R.1    Bailey, J.L.2    Wang, X.3
  • 51
    • 0039842410 scopus 로고
    • Catabolism in acute renal failure (ARF): Evidence for stimulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and activation of branched-chain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD)
    • abstr
    • Reaich D, Grewal M, Price SR, et al. Catabolism in acute renal failure (ARF): evidence for stimulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and activation of branched-chain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD). J Am Soc Nephrol 1994;5:953 (abstr).
    • (1994) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.5 , pp. 953
    • Reaich, D.1    Grewal, M.2    Price, S.R.3
  • 52
    • 0029022262 scopus 로고
    • Increase in ubiquitin-protein conjugates concomitant with the increase in proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle during starvation and atrophy denervation
    • Wing SS, Haas AL, Goldberg AL. Increase in ubiquitin-protein conjugates concomitant with the increase in proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle during starvation and atrophy denervation. Biochem J 1995;307:639-45.
    • (1995) Biochem J , vol.307 , pp. 639-645
    • Wing, S.S.1    Haas, A.L.2    Goldberg, A.L.3
  • 53
    • 0022551936 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism
    • May RC, Kelly RA, Mitch WE. Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest 1986;77:614-21.
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.77 , pp. 614-621
    • May, R.C.1    Kelly, R.A.2    Mitch, W.E.3
  • 54
    • 0027972943 scopus 로고
    • Acidosis and glucocorticoids concomitantly increase ubiquitin and proteasome subunit mRNAs in rat muscle
    • Price SR, England BK, Bailey JL, Van Vreede K, Mitch WE. Acidosis and glucocorticoids concomitantly increase ubiquitin and proteasome subunit mRNAs in rat muscle. Am J Physiol 1994;267:C955-60.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.267
    • Price, S.R.1    England, B.K.2    Bailey, J.L.3    Van Vreede, K.4    Mitch, W.E.5
  • 55
    • 0029983847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between glucocorticoids and acidification results in stimulation of proteolysis and mRNAs of proteins encoding the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in BC3H-1 myocytes
    • Isozaki Y, Mitch WE, England BK, Price SR. Interaction between glucocorticoids and acidification results in stimulation of proteolysis and mRNAs of proteins encoding the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in BC3H-1 myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:1967-71.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 1967-1971
    • Isozaki, Y.1    Mitch, W.E.2    England, B.K.3    Price, S.R.4
  • 56
    • 0027130313 scopus 로고
    • Pentoxifylline decreases body weight loss and muscle protein wasting characteristics of sepsis
    • Breuille D, Farge MCF, Arnal M, Attaix D, Obled C. Pentoxifylline decreases body weight loss and muscle protein wasting characteristics of sepsis. Am J Physiol 1993;265:E660-6.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.265
    • Breuille, D.1    Farge, M.C.F.2    Arnal, M.3    Attaix, D.4    Obled, C.5
  • 57
    • 0027331364 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-a mediates changes in tissue protein turnover in a rat cancer cachexia model
    • Costelli P, Carbo N, Tessitore L, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-a mediates changes in tissue protein turnover in a rat cancer cachexia model. J Clin Invest 1993;92:2783-9.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 2783-2789
    • Costelli, P.1    Carbo, N.2    Tessitore, L.3
  • 58
    • 0028201322 scopus 로고
    • Lnterleukin-6 induces skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats
    • Goodman MN. lnterleukin-6 induces skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994;205:182-5.
    • (1994) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.205 , pp. 182-185
    • Goodman, M.N.1
  • 59
    • 0025169936 scopus 로고
    • Influence of uremia and hemodialysis on circulating imerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor α
    • Herbelin A, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, Urena P, Descamps-Latscha B. Influence of uremia and hemodialysis on circulating imerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor α. Kidney Int 1990;37:116-27.
    • (1990) Kidney Int , vol.37 , pp. 116-127
    • Herbelin, A.1    Nguyen, A.T.2    Zingraff, J.3    Urena, P.4    Descamps-Latscha, B.5
  • 60
    • 0023160486 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for defects in muscle protein metabolism in rats with chronic uremia: The influence of metabolic acidosis
    • May RC, Kelly RA, Mitch WE. Mechanisms for defects in muscle protein metabolism in rats with chronic uremia: the influence of metabolic acidosis. J Clin Invest 1987;79:1099-103.
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.79 , pp. 1099-1103
    • May, R.C.1    Kelly, R.A.2    Mitch, W.E.3
  • 62
  • 63
    • 0021232948 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the correction of metabolic acidosis on nitrogen and protein balance of patients with chronic renal failure
    • Papadoyannakis NJ, Stefanidis CJ, McGeown M. The effect of the correction of metabolic acidosis on nitrogen and protein balance of patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:623-7.
    • (1984) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.40 , pp. 623-627
    • Papadoyannakis, N.J.1    Stefanidis, C.J.2    McGeown, M.3
  • 64
    • 0028269411 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation in patients with chronic renal failure
    • Garibotto G, Russo R, Sofia A, et al. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation in patients with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1994;45:1432-9.
    • (1994) Kidney Int , vol.45 , pp. 1432-1439
    • Garibotto, G.1    Russo, R.2    Sofia, A.3
  • 66
    • 0029931350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correction of acidosis in CAPD decreases whole body protein degradation
    • Graham KA, Reaich D, Channon SM, et al. Correction of acidosis in CAPD decreases whole body protein degradation. Kidney Int 1996;49:1396-400.
    • (1996) Kidney Int , vol.49 , pp. 1396-1400
    • Graham, K.A.1    Reaich, D.2    Channon, S.M.3
  • 67
    • 0030752657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of an improvement in acid-base status and nutrition in CAPD patients
    • Stein A, Moorhouse J, Iles-Smith H, et al. Role of an improvement in acid-base status and nutrition in CAPD patients. Kidney Int 1997;52:1089-95.
    • (1997) Kidney Int , vol.52 , pp. 1089-1095
    • Stein, A.1    Moorhouse, J.2    Iles-Smith, H.3
  • 68
    • 0028353945 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis and uremic toxicity: Protein and amino acid metabolism
    • Price SR, Mitch WE. Metabolic acidosis and uremic toxicity: protein and amino acid metabolism. Semin Nephrol 1994;14:232-7.
    • (1994) Semin Nephrol , vol.14 , pp. 232-237
    • Price, S.R.1    Mitch, W.E.2
  • 69
    • 0028108966 scopus 로고
    • Chronic dialysis treatment: Clinical outcome and related processes of care
    • Lowrie EG. Chronic dialysis treatment: clinical outcome and related processes of care. Am J Kidney Dis 1994;24:255-66.
    • (1994) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.24 , pp. 255-266
    • Lowrie, E.G.1
  • 70
    • 0028817382 scopus 로고
    • Burn injury stimulates multiple proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle, including the ubiquitin-energy-dependent pathway
    • Fang C, Tiao G, James H, Ogle C, Fischer JE, Hasselgren P. Burn injury stimulates multiple proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle, including the ubiquitin-energy-dependent pathway. J Am Coll Surg 1995;180:161-70.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Surg , vol.180 , pp. 161-170
    • Fang, C.1    Tiao, G.2    James, H.3    Ogle, C.4    Fischer, J.E.5    Hasselgren, P.6
  • 71
    • 0027973469 scopus 로고
    • Sepsis stimulates nonlysosomal, energy-dependent proteolysis and increases ubiquitin mRNA levels in rat skeletal muscle
    • Tiao G, Fagan JM, Samuels N, et al. Sepsis stimulates nonlysosomal, energy-dependent proteolysis and increases ubiquitin mRNA levels in rat skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 1994;94:2255-64.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 2255-2264
    • Tiao, G.1    Fagan, J.M.2    Samuels, N.3
  • 72
    • 0029040739 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle of cachectic rats bearing a hepatoma
    • Baracos VE, DeVivo C, Hoyle DHR, Goldberg AL. Activation of the ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle of cachectic rats bearing a hepatoma. Am J Physiol 1995;268:E996-1006.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268
    • Baracos, V.E.1    Devivo, C.2    Hoyle, D.H.R.3    Goldberg, A.L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.