Recent developments in DNA electrophoretic separations

Electrophoresis

Volumn 19, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 1525-1541

  Slater, Gary W ^a   Kist, Tarso B L ^a,b   Ren, Hongji ^a   Drouin, Guy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL   (Brazil)

Author keywords

DNA separation; DNA sequencing; Free flow electrophoresis; Gel electrophoresis; Polymer solutions

Indexed keywords

DNA SEQUENCES; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE ENCODING;

DNA MAPPING; DNA SEPARATION; DNA SEQUENCING; ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATIONS; FREE-FLOW ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; NOVEL CONCEPT; SEPARATION MECHANISM; SIEVING MATRIX;

DNA;

DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; DNA DETERMINATION; DNA SEQUENCE; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE MAPPING; MATERIALS; MICROANALYSIS; MOLECULAR SIZE; REVIEW; TECHNIQUE; THEORY;

EID: 0031855520     PISSN: 01730835     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191003     Document Type: Review

References (195)

1. Dolník, V., J. Microcol. Sep. 1994, 6, 315-330.
2. de Gennes, P. G., Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics, Cornell University Press, New York 1979.
3. Sunada, W. M., Blanch, H. W., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2243-2254.
4. Gelfi, C., Perego, M., Libbra, R, Righetti, P. G., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1342-1347.
5. Bashkin, J., Marsh, M., Barker, D., Johnston, R., Appl. Theor. Electrophor. 1996, 6, 23-28. .
6. Chiari, M., Riva, S., Gelain, A., Vitale, A., Turatt, E., J. Chromatogr. A 1997, 781, 347-355.
7. Madabhushi, R. S., Vainer, M., Dolník, V., Enad, S., Barker, D. L., Harris, D. W., Mansfield, E. S., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 104-111.
8. Heller, C., Electrophoresis 1998, 19, 1691-1698.
9. Dovichi, N. J., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2393-2399,
10. Madabhushi, R. S., Electrophoresis 1998, 19, 224-230.
11. Quesada, M. A., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1997, 8, 82-93.
12. Carrilho, E., Ruiz-Martinez, M. C., Berka, J., Smiraov, I., Goetzinger, W., Miller, A. W., Brady, D., Karger, B. L., Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 3305-3313.
13. Goetzinger, W., Kotler, L., Carrilho, E., Ruiz-Martinez, M. C., Salas-Solano, O., Karger, B. L., Electrophoresis 1998, 19, 242-248.
14. Kim, Y., Yeung, E. S., J. Chromatogr. A 1997, 781, 315-325.
15. Hjertén, S., J. Chromatogr. 1985, 347, 191-198.
16. Cobb, K. A., Dolník, V., Novotny, M., Anal Chem. 1990, 62, 2478-2483.
17. Dolník, V, Xu, D., Yadav, A., Bashkin, J., Marsh, M., Tu, O., Mansfield, E., Vainer, M., Madabhushi, R., Barker, D., Harris, D., J. Microcol. Sep. 1998, 10, 175-184.
18. Wu, C., Liu, T., Chu, B., Schneider, D. K., Graziano, V., Macromolecules 1997, 30, 4574-4583.
19. Wu, C, Liu, T., Chu, B., Electrophoresis 1998, 19, 231-241.
20. Rill, R. L., Locke, B. R., Liu, Y., Winkle, D. H. V., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95, 1534-1539.
21. Liu, Y., Locke, B. R., Winkle, D. H., Rill, R. L., J. Chromatogr. A 1998, in press.
22. Rill, R. L., Liu, Y., Winkle, D. H., Locke, B. R., J. Chromatogr. A 1998, in press.
23. Viovy, J. L., Heller, C., in: Righetti, P. G. (Ed.), Capillary Electrophoresis in Analytical Biotechnology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1996, pp. 477-508.
24. Olivera, B. M., Baine, P., Davidson, N., Biopolymers 1964, 2, 245-257.
25. Edmonson, S. P., Gray, D. M., Biopolymers 1984, 23, 2725-2742.
26. Slater, G. W., Mayer, P., Drouin, G., Methods Enzymol. 1996, 270, 272-295.
27. Slater, G. W., Drouin, G., Electrophoresis 1992, 13, 574-582.
28. Grossman, P. D., Menchen, S., Hershey, D., GATA 1992, 9, 9-16.
29. Noolandi, L, Electrophoresis 1992, 13, 394-395.
30. Noolandi, J., Electrophoresis 1993, 14, 680-681.
31. Mayer, P., Slater, G. W., Drouin, G., Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1777-1780.
32. Heller, C., Slater, G. M., Mayer, P., Dovichi, N. J., Pinto, D., Viovy, J. L., Drouin, G., J. Chromatogr. A 1998, in press.
33. Sudor, J., Novotny, M. V, Anal. chem. 1995, 67, 4205-4209.
34. Iki, N., Kim, Y., Yeung, E. S., Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 4321-4325.
35. Oana, H., Masubuchi, Y., Matsumoto, M., Doi, M., Yoshikawa, K., J. Polym, Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1996, 34, 1105-1111.
36. Klepárník, K., Malá, Z., Boček, P., J. Chromatogr. A 1997, 772, 243-253.
37. Long, D., Harden, J. L., Viovy, J. L., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 1995, Série IIb, 321, 239-246.
38. Volkmuth, W. D., Austin, R. H., Nature 1992, 358, 600-602.
39. Volkmuth, W. D., Duke, T., Austin. R. H., Cox, E. C., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92, 6887-6891.
40. Duke, T. A. J., Austin, R. H., Cox, E. C., Chan, S. S., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1075-1079.
41. Duke, T., Monnelly, G., Austin, R. H., Cox, E. C., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 17-22.
42. Nixon, G. I., Slater, G. W., Phys. Rev. E 1994, 50, 5033-5038.
43. Sevick, E. M., Williams, D. R. M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 2595-2598.
44. Bakajin, O. B., Duke, T. A. J., Chou, C. F., Chan, S. S., Austin, R. H., Cox, E. C., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 2737-2740.
45. Mayer, P., Bibette, J., Viovy, J. L., Mat. Res. Symp. Proc. 1997, 463, 57-66.
46. Binnig, G., Quate, C. F., Gerber, C., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986, 56, 930-933.
47. Ashkin, A., Biophys. J. 1992, 61, 569-582.
48. Svoboda, K., Block, S. M., Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 1994, 23, 247-285.
49. Simmons, R. M., Finer, J. T., Chu, S., Spudich, J. A., Biophys. J. 1996, 70, 1813-1822.
50. Bates, A. D., Maxwell, A., DNA Topology, Oxford University Press, New York 1993.
51. Alon, U., Mukamel, D., Phys. Rev. E 1997, 55, 1783-1793.
52. Mitnik, L., Heller, C., Prost, J., Viovy, J. L., Science 1995, 267, 219-222.
53. Wirtz, D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 75, 2436-2439.
54. Bockelmann, U., Essevaz-Roulet, B., Heslot, F, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 79, 4489-4492.
55. Essevaz-Roulet, B., Bockelmann, U., Heslot, F., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 11935-11940.
56. Strick, T. R., Allemand, J.-F., Bensimon, D., Bensimon, A., Croquette, V., Science 1996, 271, 1835-1837.
57. Croquette, V., Allemand, J.-F., Strick, T., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 1998, 43, 450.
58. Strick, T. R., Allemand, J.-F., Bensimon, D., Croquette, V., Biophys. J. 1998, 74, 2016-2028.
59. Bensimon, A., Simon, A., Chiffaudel, A., Croquette, V., Heslot, F., Bensimon, D., Science 1994, 265, 2096-2098.
60. Tinland, B., Pluen, A., Sturm, J., Weill, G., Macromolecules 1997, 30, 5763-5765.
61. Pernodet, N., Maaloum, M., Tinland, B., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 55-58.
62. Perkins, T. T., Quake, S. R., Smith, D. E., Chu, S., Science 1994, 264, 822-826.
63. Perkins, T. T., Smith, D. E., Chu, S., Science 1994, 264, 819-822.
64. Perkins, T. T., Smith, D. E., Larson, R. G., Chu, S., Science 1995, 268, 83-87.
65. Cluzel, P., Lebrun, A., Heller, C., Lavery, R., Viovy, J. L., Chatenay, D., Caron, F., Science 1996, 271, 792-794.
66. Smith, S. B., Cui, Y., Bustamante, C., Science 1996, 271, 795-799.
67. Wang, M. D., Yin, H., Landick, R., Gelles, J., Block, S. M., Biophys. J. 1997, 72, 1335-1346.
68. Quake, S. R., Babcock, H., Chu, S., Nature 1997, 388, 151-154.
69. Yin, H., Wang, M. D., Svoboda, K., Landick, R., Block, S. M., Gelles, J., Science 1995, 270, 1653-1657.
70. Shivashankar, G. V., Libchaber, A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 71, 3727-3729.
71. Asbury, C. L., van den Engh, G., Biophys. J. 1998, 74, 1024-1030.
72. Ajdari, A., Prost, J., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 4468-4471.
73. Barron, A. E., Soane, D. S., Blanch, H. W., J. Chromatogr. A 1993, 652, 3-16.
74. Barron, A. E., Blanch, H. W., Soane, D. S., Electrophoresis 1994, 15, 597-615.
75. Hubert, S. J., Slater, G. W., Viovy, J. L., Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1006-1009.
76. Schwinefus, J. J., Wang, S. C., Hammond, R. W., Morris, M. D., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1110-1114.
77. Shi, X., Hammond, R., Morris, M. D., Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1132-1138.
78. Shi, X., Hammond, R., Morris, M. D., Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 3219-3222.
79. Carlsson, C., Jonsson, M., Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7802-7812.
80. Kim, Y., Morris, M. D., Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 784-786.
81. Kim, Y., Morris, M. D., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 152-160.
82. Minarik, M., Gaš, B., Kenndler, E., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 98-103.
83. Oana, H., Hammond, R. W., Schwinefus, J. J., Wang, S.-C., Doi, M., Morris, M. D., Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 574-579.
84. Slater, G. W., in: Heller, C. (Ed.), Analysis of Nucleic Acids by Capillary Electrophoresis, Vieweg & Son, Wiesbaden 1997, pp. 24-66.
85. Barron, A. E., Sunada, W. M., Blanch, H. W., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 744-757.
86. Braun, B., Blanch, H. W., Prausnitz, J. M., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 1994-1997.
87. Bünz, A. P., Barron, A. E., Prausnitz, J. M., Blanch, H. W., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1996, 35, 2900-2908.
88. Dovichi, N. J., in: Landers, J. P. (Ed.), CRC Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1993, Chapter 14, pp. 369-387.
89. Yan, J. Y., Best, N., Zhang, J. Z., Ren, H. J., Jiang, R., Hou, J., Dovichi, N. J. Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1037-1045.
90. Duke, T. A. J., Viovy, J. L., Semenov, A. N., Biopofymers 1994, 34, 239-248.
91. Heller, C., Duke, T. A. J., Viovy, J. L., Biopolymers 1994, 34, 249-259.
92. Heller, C., Viovy, J. L., Biopolymers 1994, 35, 185-192.
93. Zhang, J. Z., Fang, Y., Hou, J. Y., Ren, H. J., Jiang, R., Roos, P., Dovichi, N. J., Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 4589-4593.
94. Lindberg, P., Stjernström, M., Roeraade, J., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 1973-1979.
95. Smith, L. M., Brumley, R. L;, Jr., Buxton, E. C., Giddings, M., Marchbanks, M., Tong, X., Methods Enzymol. 1996, 271, 219-237.
96. Brumley, R. L., Jr., Luckey, J. A., Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 1996, 2680, 349-361.
97. Fan, Z. H., Harrison, D. J., Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 177-184.
98. Effenhauser, C. S., Paulus, A., Manz, A., Widmer, H. M., Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 2949-2953.
99. Righetti, P. G., Gelfi, C., Perego, M., Stoyanov, A. V., Bossi, A., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2145-2153.
100. Gelfi, C., Perego, M., Righetti, P. G., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1470-1475.
101. Effenhauser, C. S., Bruin, G. J. M., Paulus, A., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2203-2213.
102. Colyer, C. L., Tang, T., Chiem, N., Harrison, D. J., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 1733-1741.
103. Terry, S. C., PhD Thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 1975.
104. Terry, S. C., Jerman, J. H., Angell, J. B., IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 1979, ED-26, 1880-1886.
105. Manz, A., Graber, N., Widmer, H. M., Sens. Actuators B 1990, 1, 244-248.
106. Harrison, D. J., Manz, A., Fan, Z., Lüdi, H., Widmer, H. M., Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 1926-1932.
107. Seiler, K., Harrison, D. J., Manz, A., Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 1481-1488.
108. Jacobson, S. C., Hergenröder, R., Koutny, L. B., Ramsey, J. M., Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1114-1118.
109. Becker, H., Mst News 1997, 22, 13-14.
110. Northrup, M. A., Benett, B., Hadley, D., Landre, P., Lehew, S., Richards, J., Stratton, P., Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 918-922.
111. Effenhauser, C. S., Manz, A., Widmer, H. M., Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 2284-2287.
112. Woolley, A. T., Mathies, R. A., Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 3676-3680.
113. Woolley, A. T., Mathies, R. A., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91, 11348-11352.
114. Woolley, A. T., Hadley, D., Landre, P., deMello, A. J., Mathies, R. A., Northrup, M. A., Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 4081-4086.
115. Effenhauser, C. S., Bruin, G. J. M., Paulus, A., Ehrat, M., Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 3451-3457.
116. Tang, T., Harrison, D. J., Transducers '97: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors Actuators, IEEE Electron Dev. Soc., Chicago, June 1997, pp. 523-526.
117. Waters, L. C., Jacobson, S. C., Kroutchinina, N., Khandurina, J., Foote, R. S., Ramsey, J. M., Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 158-162.
118. Schmalzing, D., Koutny, L., Adourian, A., Belgrader, P., Matsudaira, P., Ehrlich, D., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 10273-10278.
119. McCormick, R. M., Nelson, R. J., Alonso-Amigo, M. G., Benvegnu, D. J., Hooper, H. H., Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2626-2630.
120. Woolley, A. T., Lao, K., Glazer, A. N., Mathies, R. A., Anal, Chem. 1998, 70, 684-688.
121. Woolley, A. T., Sensabaugh, G. F., Mathies, R. A., Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2181-2186.
122. Rousseau, J., Drouin, G., Slater, G. W., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 79, 1945-1948.
123. Ulanovsky, L., Drouin, G., Gilbert, W., Nature 1990, 343, 190-192.
124. Défontaines, A.-D., Viovy, J. L., in: Cantor, C. R., Lim, M. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Electrophoresis, Supercomputer, the Human Genome, World Scientific, Singapore 1991, pp. 286-313.
125. Défontaines, A.-D., Viovy, J. L., in: Burmeister, M., Ulanovsky, L. (Eds.), Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Protocols, Methods, Theories, The Humana Press, Totowa, NJ 1992, pp. 403-450.
126. Slater, G. W., Villeneuve, C., J. Polym. Sci. B 1992, 30, 1451-1457.
127. Défontaines, A.-D., Viovy, J. L., Electrophoresis 1993, 14, 8-17.
128. Desruisseaux, C., Slater, G. W., Phys. Rev. E 1994, 49, 5885-5888.
129. Slater, G. W., Desruisseaux, C., Villeneuve, C., Guo, H. L., Drouin, G., Electrophoresis 1995, 16, 704-712.
130. Desruisseaux, C., Slater, G. W., Drouin, G., Electrophoresis 1998, 19, 627-634.
131. Doi, M., Edwards, S. F., The Theory of Polymer Dynamics, Oxford University Press, New York 1986.
132. Baumgärtner, A., Muthukumar, M., J. Chem. Phys. 1987, 87, 3082-3088.
133. Muthukumar, M., Baumgärtner, A., Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1937-1941.
134. Muthukumar, M., Baumgärtner, A., Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1941-1946.
135. Slater, G. W., Wu, S. Y., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 75, 164-167.
136. Arvanitidou, E., Hoagland, D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 67, 1464-1466.
137. Smisek, D. L., Hoagland, D. A., Science 1990, 248, 1221-1223.
138. Hoagland, D. A., Muthukumar, M., Macromolecules 1992, 25, 6696-6698.
139. Mayer, P., Slater, G. W., Drouin, G., Appl. Theor. Electrophoresis 1993, 3, 147-155.
140. Calladine, C. R., Collis, C. M., Drew, H. R., Mott, M. R., J. Mol. Biol. 1991, 221, 981-1005.
141. Nixon, G. I., Slater, G. W., Phys. Rev. E 1996, 53, 4969-4980.
142. Kist, T. B. L., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 75, 1210-1213.
143. Kist, T. B. L., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1173-1180.
144. Kist, T. B. L., De Boni, L., Cunha, S. L. S., Grieneisen, H.-P. H., Termignoni, C., Janowicz, M., Stefani, V., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 1998, 43, 334-335.
145. Grossman, P. D., in: Grossman, P. D., Colburn, J. C. (Eds.), Capillary Electrophoresis Theory & Practice, Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1992. Chapter 1.
146. Gaš, B., Štedry, M., Kenndler, E., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2123-2133.
147. Virtanen, R., Electrophoresis 1993, 14, 1266-1270.
148. Slater, G. W., Electrophoresis 1993, 14, 1-7.
149. Mayer, P., Slater, G. W., Drouin, G., Electrophoresis 1994, 15, 120-127.
150. Tinland, B., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1519-1523.
151. Tinland, B., Pernodet, N., Pluen, A., Biopolymers 1998, in press.
152. Semenov, A. N., Joanny, J.-F., Phys. Rev. E 1997, 55, 789-799.
153. Slater, G. W., Mayer, P., Grossman, P. D., Electrophoresis 1995, 16, 75-83.
154. Slater, G. W., Mayer, P., Drouin, G., Electrophoresis 1993, 14, 961-966.
155. Astumian, R. D., Science 1997, 276, 917-922.
156. Jülicher, F., Ajdari, A., Prost, J., Rev. Mod. Phys. 1997, 69, 1269-1281.
157. Magnasco, M. O., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1993, 71, 1477-1481.
158. Rousselet, J., Salome, L., Ajdari, A., Prost, J., Nature 1994, 370, 446-448.
159. Slater, G. W., Guo, H. L., Nixon, G. I., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78, 1170-1173.
160. Holmes, D. L., Stellwagen, N. C., J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 1989, 7, 311-327.
161. Chacron, M. J., Slater, G. W., Phys. Rev. E 1997, 56, 3446-3450.
162. Bader, J. S., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 1998, 43, 368-369.
163. Duke, T. A. J., Austin, R. H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 1552-1555.
164. Ertas, D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 1548-1551.
165. Griess, G. A., Serwer, P., Biophys. J. 1998, 74, A71.
166. Tumel, C., Brassard, E., Forsyth, R., Hood, K., Slater, G. W., Noolandi, J., in: Lai, E., Birren, B. W. (Eds.), Electrophoresis of Large DNA Molecules - Theory and Applications. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, NY 1990, pp. 101-131.
167. Desruisseaux, C., Slater, G. W., Kist, T. B. L., Biophys. J. 1998, in press.
168. Long, D., Ajdari, A., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1161-1166.
169. Long, D., Viovy, J. L., Ajdari, A., Biopolymers 1996, 39, 755-759.
170. Long, D., Viovy, J. L., Ajdari, A., J. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 1996, 8, 9471-9475.
171. Long, D., Viovy, J. L., Ajdari, A., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 3858-3861.
172. Long, D., Dobrynin, A. V., Rubinstein, M., Ajdari, A., J. Chem. Phys. 1998, 108, 1234-1244.
173. Lee, N., Obukhov, S., Rubinstein, M., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1011-1017.
174. Deutsch, J. M., Science 1988, 240, 922-924.
175. Deutsch, J. M., J. Chem. Phys. 1989, 90, 7436-7441.
176. Deutsch, J. M., Madden, T. L., J. Chem. Phys. 1989, 90, 2476-2485.
177. Oana, H., Masubuchi, Y., Matsumoto, M., Doi, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Yoshikawa, K., Macromolecules 1994, 27, 6061-6067.
178. Obukhov, S. P., Rubinstein, M., J. Physique II 1993, 3, 1455-1459.
179. Burmeister, M., Ulanovsky, L. (Eds.), Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis: Protocols, Methods, and Theories. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 1992.
180. Sabanayagam, C., Holzwarth, G., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1052-1059.
181. Oana, H., Doi, M., Ueda, M., Yoshikawa, K., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 1912-1915.
182. Masubuchi, Y., Oana, H., Matsumoto, M., Doi, M., Yoshikawa, K., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1065-1074.
183. Masubuchi, Y., Oana, H., Matsumoto, M., Doi, M., Macromolecules 1997, 30, 912-918.
184. Åkerman, B., Phys. Rev. E 1996, 54, 6685-6696.
185. Åkerman, B., Phys. Rev. E 1996, 54, 6697-6707.
186. Åkerman, B., J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 106, 6152-6159.
187. Rodbard, D., Chrambach, A., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1970, 65, 970-977.
188. Tietz, D., Adv. Electrophoresis 1988, 2, 109-169.
189. Morris, C. J. O. R., in: Peeters, H.(Ed.), Protides of the Biological Fluids. Elsevier, New York 1967, pp. 543-551.
190. Ogston, A. G., Trans. Faraday Soc. 1958, 54, 1754-1757.
191. Slater, G. W., Guo, H. L., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 977-988.
192. Slater, G. W., Guo, H. L., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 1407-1415.
193. Slater, G. W., Treurniet, J. R., J. Chromatogr. A 1997, 772, 39-48.
194. Koonin, S. E., Science 1998, 279, 36-37.
195. Murray, R. W., Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 292A.