PET radiopharmaceuticals: State-of-the-art and future prospects

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 221-234

  Tewson, T J ^a   Krohn, K A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 HYDROXYEPHEDRINE C 11; 4 (3 TERT BUTYLAMINO 2 HYDROXYPROPOXY) 2 BENZIMIDAZOLONE; 4 (3 TERT BUTYLAMINO 2 HYDROXYPROPOXY) 2 BENZIMIDAZOLONE C 11; 6 FLUORODOPA F 18; CARBON DIOXIDE C 11; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GLUCOSE C 11; METHYLQUINUCLIDINYLBENZYLATE C 11; OXYGEN 15; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; RADIOISOTOPE; RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AGENT; THYMIDINE C 11; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WATER O 15;

BRAIN TOMOGRAPHY; CANCER; DNA SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIOCARDIOGRAPHY; REVIEW;

EID: 0031851330     PISSN: 00012998     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0001-2998(98)80028-7     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Schelbert HR Phelps ME Huang SC N-13 ammonia as an indicator of myocardial blood flow Circulation 63 1981 1259 1272
2. 15O Circulation 70 1984 724 733
3. 18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose for assessing myocardial glucose uptake Circulation 91 1995 2435 2444
4. Tewson TJ Procedures, Pitfalls and Solutions in the Production of [F-18]-2-Deoxy-2-Fluoro-D-glucose: A Paradigm in the Routine Synthesis of Fluorine-18 Radiopharmaceuticals Nucl Med Biol 16 1989 533 561
5. 11C Int J Appl Radiat Isot 28 1977 49 52
6. 2 Nucl Med Biol 24 1997 93 97
7. Raichle ME Welch MJ Grubb RL Jr Measurement of regional substrate utilization rates by emission tomography Science 199 1978 986 987
8. Shiue C-Y Wolf AP The synthesis of 1-[C-11]-D-Glucose and related compounds for the measurement of brain glucose metabolism J Label Comp Radiopharm 22 1984 171
9. 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 64 1977 190 191
10. Sols A Crane RK Substrate Specificity of Brain Hexokinase J Biol Chem 210 1954 581 595
11. 2: A convenient synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose J Org Chem 42 1977 2431 2432
12. 18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose using aminopolyether supported nucleophilic substitution J Nucl Med 27 1986 235 238
13. Phelps ME Huang SC Hoffman EJ Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: validation of method Ann Neurol 6 1979 371 388
14. 14C]-2-deoxy-d-glucose method for measuring local cerebral glucose utilization. Mathematical analysis and determination of the “lumped” constants Neurosci Res Program Bull 14 1976 466 468
15. 14C]-deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat J Neurochem 28 1977 897 916
16. 11C]glucose and FDG: analysis of the FDG lumped constant J Nucl Med 39 1998 440 448
17. Hawkins RA Miller AL Deoxyglucose-6-phosphate stability in vivo and the deoxyglucose method J Neurochem 49 1987 1941 1960
18. Schmidt KC Lucignani G Sokoloff L Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET to determine regional cerebral glucose utilization: a re-examination J Nucl Med 37 1996 394 399
19. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose rate constants in the anesthetized baboon brain with dynamic positron tomography J Neurosci Methods 50 1993 263 272
20. 15O-labeled water Am J Physiol 230 1976 543 552
21. Berridge MS Franceschini MP Tewson TJ Preparation of oxygen-15 butanol for positron tomography J Nucl Med 27 1986 834 837
22. Celesia GG Polcyn RE Holden JE Determination of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral infarction. Use of fluoromethane labeled with fluorine 18 and positron emission tomography Arch Neurol 41 1984 262 267
23. 18F) Fluoro-Dopa: a unique gamma emitting substrate for Dopa decarboxylase Experientia 31 1975 1254 1255
24. Garnett ES Firnau G Nahmias C Dopamine visualized in the basal ganglia of living man Nature 305 1983 137 138
25. 18F]fluoro-dopa, an analogue of dopa, and its use in direct external measurements of storage, degradation, and turnover of intracerebral dopamine Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75 1978 464 467
26. Luxen A Barrio JR Bida GT Regioselective Radiofluorodemercuration: A Simple, High Yield Synthesis of 6-[F-18]-FluoroDOPA J Label Comp Radiopharm 23 1986 1066
27. Holden JE Doudet D Endres CJ Graphical analysis of 6-fluoro-L-dopa trapping: effect of inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase J Nucl Med 38 1997 1568 1574
28. Frey KA Koeppe RA Kilbourn MR Presynaptic monoaminergic vesicles in Parkinson's disease and normal aging Ann Neurol 40 1996 873 884
29. 11C]dihydrotetrabenazine by dynamic PET: measurement of vesicular monoamine transporter J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16 1996 1288 1299
30. Volkow ND Fowler JS Gatley SJ PET evaluation of the dopamine system of the human brain J Nucl Med 37 1996 1242 1256
31. Fowler JS Volkow ND Wolf AP Mapping cocaine binding sites in human and baboon brain in vivo Synapse 4 1989 371 377
32. Madras BK Elmaleh DR Meltzer PC Positron emission tomography of cocaine binding sites on the dopamine transporter NIDA Res Monogr 138 1994 57 69
33. Madras BK Kaufman MJ Cocaine accumulates in dopamine-rich regions of primate brain after i.v. administration: comparison with mazindol distribution Synapse 18 1994 261 275
34. 11C-labeled suicide inactivators and PET Science 235 1987 481 485
35. Wagner HN Jr. Burns HD Dannals RF Imaging dopamine receptors in the human brain by positron tomography Science 221 1983 1264 1266
36. Farde L Ehrin E Eriksson L Substituted benzamides as ligands for visualization of dopamine receptor binding in the human brain by positron emission tomography Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 1985 3863 3867
37. Farde L Hall H Ehrin E Quantitative analysis of D2 dopamine receptor binding in the living human brain by PET Science 231 1986 258 261
38. Fowler JS Volkow ND Logan J Monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) inhibitor therapy in Parkinson's disease: the degree and reversibility of human brain MAO B inhibition by Ro 19 6327 Neurology 43 1993 1984 1992
39. Kilbourn MR In Vivo radiotracers for vesicular neurotransmitter transporters Nucl Med and Biol 24 1997 615 619
40. 11C-palmitic acid J Nucl Med 18 1977 57 61
41. 11C-substrates in vitro and in vivo Circ Res 39 1976 24 32
42. Bergmann SR Use and limitations of metabolic tracers labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides in the identification of viable myocardium J Nucl Med 35 1994 15S 22S
43. Huang SC Schwaiger M Carson RE Quantitative measurement of myocardial blood flow with oxygen-15 water and positron computed tomography: an assessment of potential and problems J Nucl Med 26 1985 616 625
44. Yano Y Budinger TF Chiang G Evaluation and application of alumina-based Rb-82 generators charged with high levels of Sr-82/85 J Nucl Med 20 1979 961 966
45. 11C] heptadecanoic acid: a new myocardial metabolic tracer for positron emission tomography J Nucl Med 23 1982 169 175
46. 11C]-3,3-dimethylheptadecanoic acid J Nucl Med 29 1988 68 72
47. 11C] betamethylheptadecanoic acid J Nucl Med 35 1994 496 503
48. 18F-labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose as a radiopharmaceutical for measuring regional myocardial glucose metabolism in vivo: tissue distribution and imaging studies in animals J Nucl Med 18 1977 990 996
49. Raichle ME Welch MJ Grubb RL Jr. Regional cerebral oxygen utilization with positron emission tomography Trans Am Neurol Assoc 104 1979 154 156
50. Gropler RJ Siegel BA Geltman EM Myocardial uptake of carbon-11-acetate as an indirect estimate of regional myocardial blood flow J Nucl Med 32 1991 245 251
51. Russell RR Nguyen VT Mrus JM Fasting and lactate unmask insulin responsiveness in the isolated working rat heart Am J Physiol 263 1992 E556 E561
52. Russell RRd Mrus JM Mommessin JI Compartmentation of hexokinase in rat heart. A critical factor for tracer kinetic analysis of myocardial glucose metabolism J Clin Invest 90 1992 1972 1977
53. Goodwin GW Arteaga JR Taegtmeyer H Glycogen turnover in the isolated working rat heart J Biol Chem 270 1995 9234 9240
54. Knust EJ Kupfernagel C Stocklin G Long-chain F-18 fatty acids for the study of regional metabolism in heart and liver; odd-even effects of metabolism in mice J Nucl Med 20 1979 1170 1175
55. 15O-hemoglobin Circ Res 42 1978 511 518
56. Li Z Yipintsoi T Bassingthwaighte JB Nonlinear model for capillary-tissue oxygen transport and metabolism Ann Biomed Eng 25 1997 604 619
57. Kotzerke J Hicks RJ Wolfe E Three-dimensional assessment of myocardial oxidative metabolism: a new approach for regional determination of PET-derived carbon-11-acetate kinetics J Nucl Med 31 1990 1876 1883
58. Kalff V Hicks RJ Hutchins G Use of carbon-11 acetate and dynamic positron emission tomography to assess regional myocardial oxygen consumption in patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving thrombolysis or coronary angioplasty Am J Cardiol 71 1993 529 535
59. Hicks RJ Herman WH Kalff V Quantitative evaluation of regional substrate metabolism in the human heart by positron emission tomography J Am Coll Cardiol 18 1991 101 111
60. Brodde OE Beta-adrenergic receptors in failing human myocardium Basic Res Cardiol 2 1996 35 40
61. Eckelman WC Grissom M Conklin J In vivo competition studies with analogues of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate J Pharm Sci 73 1984 529 534
62. Delforge J Syrota A Lancon JP Cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor density measured in vivo using PET, CGP 12177, and a new graphical method J Nucl Med 32 1991 739 748
63. Kroll K Li Z King RB Distributed Nonlinear Modeling of PET Adrenoceptor Ligand J Nucl Med 37 1996 106P
64. Berridge MS Nelson AD Zheng L Specific beta-adrenergic receptor binding of carazolol measured with PET J Nucl Med 35 1994 1665 1676
65. Elsinga P Vos MG Braker AH Improved synthesis and evaluation of (S,S)- and (S,R)-[F-18]-fluorocarazolol, ligands for the visualisation of beta-adrenergic receptors J Label Comp Radiopharm 35 1994 1489
66. Lefkowitz RJ Caron MG Stiles GL Mechanisms of membrane-receptor regulation. Biochemical, physiological, and clinical insights derived from studies of the adrenergic receptors N Engl J Med 310 1984 1570 1579
67. Valette H Syrota A Fuseau C Down-regulation of cardiac muscarinic receptors induced by di-isopropylfluorophosphate J Nucl Med 38 1997 1430 1433
68. Wieland DM Rosenspire KC Hutchins GD Neuronal mapping of the heart with 6-[18F]fluorometaraminol J Med Chem 33 1990 956 964
69. Schwaiger M Kalff V Rosenspire K Noninvasive evaluation of sympathetic nervous system in human heart by positron emission tomography Circulation 82 1990 457 464
70. Rosenspire KC Haka MS Van Dort ME Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of carbon-11-meta-hydroxyephedrine: a false transmitter agent for heart neuronal imaging J Nucl Med 31 1990 1328 1334
71. Schwaiger M Guibourg H Rosenspire K Effect of regional myocardial ischemia on sympathetic nervous system as assessed by fluorine-18-metaraminol J Nucl Med 31 1990 1352 1357
72. 11C-Metahydroxyephedrine (MHED): Validation of a Blood-Tissue Exchange Model J Nucl Med 1997
73. 18F-6-fluorodopamine: effects of chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine J Hypertens 9 1991 417 423
74. 18F]fluorodopamine in humans Clin Exp Hypertens 19 1997 155 161
75. Goldstein DS Holmes C Cannon RO Sympathetic cardioneuropathy in dysautonomias N Engl J Med 336 1997 696 702
76. Warburg O The Metabolism of Tumors 1931 Smith Press New York, NY
77. Peters LJ Brock W Johnson T Predicting radiocurability Cancer 55 1985 2118 2122
78. Peters LJ Withers HR Thames HD Jr Tumor radioresistance in clinical radiotherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 8 1982 101 108
79. Kolata G Why do cancer cells resist drugs? Science 231 1986 220 221
80. Wahl RL Quint LE Cieslak RD “Anatometabolic” tumor imaging: fusion of FDG PET with CT or MRI to localize foci of increased activity J Nucl Med 34 1993 1190 1197
81. Som P Atkins HL Bandoypadhyay D A fluorinated glucose analog, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18): nontoxic tracer for rapid tumor detection J Nucl Med 21 1980 670 675
82. Hoh CK Schiepers C Seltzer MA PET in oncology: will it replace the other modalities? Sem Nucl Med 27 1997 94 106
83. 14C]glucose in plasma and brain: influence on rate of glucose utilization determined with deoxyglucose method in rat brain J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13 1993 315 327
84. 11C]thymidine and FDG with positron emission tomography (PET) to measure response to therapy J Nucl Med 1997
85. Reinhardt MJ Kubota K Yamada S Assessment of cancer recurrence in residual tumors after fractionated radiotherapy: a comparison of fluorodeoxyglucose, L-methionine and thymidine J Nucl Med 38 1997 280 287
86. Grierson JR Shields AF Link JM Radiosynthesis of [C-11]methyl-labeled AZT from [C-11]methyl iodide J Label Comp Radiopharm 37 1995 608 609
87. Grierson JR Shields AF A strategy for the labeling of [F-18]-3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine: [F-18]FLT J Label Comp Radiopharm 37 1995 606 607
88. Ishiwata K Kubota K Murakami M Re-evaluation of amino acid PET studies: can the protein synthesis rates in brain and tumor tissues be measured in vivo? J Nucl Med 34 1993 1936 1943
89. Urbain JL Shore SK Vekemans MC Scintigraphic imaging of oncogenes with antisense probes: does it make sense? Eur J Nucl Med 22 1995 499 504
90. Mintun MA Welch MJ Siegel BA Breast cancer: PET imaging of estrogen receptors Radiology 169 1988 45 48
91. Katzenellenbogen JA Welch MJ Dehdashti F The development of estrogen and progestin radiopharmaceuticals for imaging breast cancer Anticancer Res 17 1997 1573 1576
92. Yang DJ Tewson T Tansey W Halogenated analogues of tamoxifen: synthesis, receptor assay, and inhibition of MCF7 cells J Pharm Sci 81 1992 622 625
93. Verhagen A Elsinga PH de Groot TJ A fluorine-18 labeled progestin as an imaging agent for progestin receptor positive tumors with positron emission tomography Cancer Res 51 1991 1930 1933
94. 18F]fluoro-16-alpha-ethyl-19-norprogesterone as a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical for the detection of progestin receptors in human breast carcinomas J Nucl Med 32 1991 1532 1537
95. 11C-N-methylspiperone J Comput Assist Tomogr 10 1986 175 180
96. Junck L Olson JM Ciliax BJ PET imaging of human gliomas with ligands for the peripheral benzodiazepine binding site Ann Neurol 26 1989 752 758
97. Shulkin BL Wieland DM Schwaiger M PET scanning with hydroxyephedrine: an approach to the localization of pheochromocytoma J Nucl Med 33 1992 1125 1131
98. Shulkin BL Wieland DM Baro ME PET hydroxyephedrine imaging of neuroblastoma J Nucl Med 37 1996 16 21
99. Dence CS John CS Goree RE Synthesis and evaluation of [F-18] labeled benzamides: high affinity sigma receptor ligands for imaging tumors J Label Comp Radiopharm 37 1995 263 265
100. Koh WJ Bergman KS Rasey JS Evaluation of oxygenation status during fractionated radiotherapy in human nonsmall cell lung cancers using [F-18]fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 33 1995 391 398
101. Fujibayashi Y Taniuchi H Yonekura Y Copper-62-ATSM: a new hypoxia imaging agent with high membrane permeability and low redox potential J Nucl Med 38 1997 1155 1160