메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 69-82

CO2-induced global warming: A skeptic's view of potential climate change

Author keywords

Carbon dioxide; Climate change; CO2; Global warming; Greenhouse effect

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE DOUBLING; CLIMATE CHANGE; GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE EFFECT;

EID: 0031824562     PISSN: 0936577X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/cr010069     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (34)

References (211)
  • 3
    • 0023873534 scopus 로고
    • Vertical distribution of dimethylsulfide, sulfur dioxide, aerosol ions and radon over the northeast Pacific Ocean
    • Andreae MO, Berresheim H, Andreae TW, Kritz MA, Bates TS, Merril JT (1988) Vertical distribution of dimethylsulfide, sulfur dioxide, aerosol ions and radon over the northeast Pacific Ocean. J Atmos Chem 6:149-173
    • (1988) J Atmos Chem , vol.6 , pp. 149-173
    • Andreae, M.O.1    Berresheim, H.2    Andreae, T.W.3    Kritz, M.A.4    Bates, T.S.5    Merril, J.T.6
  • 4
    • 0030618083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry
    • Andreae MO, Crutzen PJ (1997) Atmospheric aerosols: biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry. Science 276:1052-1058
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1052-1058
    • Andreae, M.O.1    Crutzen, P.J.2
  • 6
    • 7044255257 scopus 로고
    • Solar models and neutrino fluxes
    • Bahcall JN, Shaviv G (1968) Solar models and neutrino fluxes. Astrophys J 153:113-126
    • (1968) Astrophys J , vol.153 , pp. 113-126
    • Bahcall, J.N.1    Shaviv, G.2
  • 7
    • 0030618071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud microphysics and climate
    • Baker MB (1997) Cloud microphysics and climate. Science 276:1072-1078
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1072-1078
    • Baker, M.B.1
  • 8
    • 0025586816 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for long-term brightness changes of solar-type stars
    • Baliunas S, Jastrow R (1990) Evidence for long-term brightness changes of solar-type stars. Nature 348:520-522
    • (1990) Nature , vol.348 , pp. 520-522
    • Baliunas, S.1    Jastrow, R.2
  • 9
    • 1642356736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sun-climate connection
    • Baliunas SL, Soon WH (1996) The sun-climate connection. Sky Telescope 92(6):38-41
    • (1996) Sky Telescope , vol.92 , Issue.6 , pp. 38-41
    • Baliunas, S.L.1    Soon, W.H.2
  • 10
    • 0242682600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the sun-climate relation on time scales of decades to centuries: The possibility of total irradiance variations
    • Pap JM, Frohlich C, Ulrich R (eds) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (in press)
    • Baliunas SL, Soon WH (1998) An assessment of the sun-climate relation on time scales of decades to centuries: the possibility of total irradiance variations. In: Pap JM, Frohlich C, Ulrich R (eds) Proceedings of the SOLERS22 1996 Workshop. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (in press)
    • (1998) Proceedings of the SOLERS22 1996 Workshop
    • Baliunas, S.L.1    Soon, W.H.2
  • 11
    • 0021532612 scopus 로고
    • The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)
    • Barkstrom BR (1984) The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Bull Am Meteorol Soc 65:1170-1185
    • (1984) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.65 , pp. 1170-1185
    • Barkstrom, B.R.1
  • 12
    • 0023496666 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the climatic role of marine biogenic sulphur
    • Bates TS, Charlson RJ, Gammon RH (1987) Evidence for the climatic role of marine biogenic sulphur. Nature 329: 319-321
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , pp. 319-321
    • Bates, T.S.1    Charlson, R.J.2    Gammon, R.H.3
  • 13
    • 0031473965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possibilities for carbon sequestration in tropical and subtropical soils
    • Batjes NH, Sombroek WG (1997) Possibilities for carbon sequestration in tropical and subtropical soils. Global Change Biol 3:161-173
    • (1997) Global Change Biol , vol.3 , pp. 161-173
    • Batjes, N.H.1    Sombroek, W.G.2
  • 14
    • 0029663225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean
    • Behrenfeld MJ, Bale AJ, Kolber ZS, Aiken J, Falkowski P (1996) Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383:508-511
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 508-511
    • Behrenfeld, M.J.1    Bale, A.J.2    Kolber, Z.S.3    Aiken, J.4    Falkowski, P.5
  • 15
    • 11544284656 scopus 로고
    • Variation of daily solar radiation in North America during the extreme months
    • Bennett I (1975) Variation of daily solar radiation in North America during the extreme months. Arch Meteorol Geophys Bioclimatol Ser B 23:31-57
    • (1975) Arch Meteorol Geophys Bioclimatol Ser B , vol.23 , pp. 31-57
    • Bennett, I.1
  • 16
    • 0023467577 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback in climate models
    • Betts AK, Harshvardhan (1987) Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback in climate models. J Geophys Res 92:8483-8485
    • (1987) J Geophys Res , vol.92 , pp. 8483-8485
    • Betts, A.K.1    Harshvardhan2
  • 17
    • 0004136008 scopus 로고
    • Ice nucleus concentrations in remote areas
    • Bigg EK (1973) Ice nucleus concentrations in remote areas. J Atmos Sci 30:1153-1157
    • (1973) J Atmos Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1153-1157
    • Bigg, E.K.1
  • 18
    • 0025690994 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of concentrations of natural ice nuclei
    • Bigg EK (1990) Measurement of concentrations of natural ice nuclei. Atmos Res 25:397-408
    • (1990) Atmos Res , vol.25 , pp. 397-408
    • Bigg, E.K.1
  • 19
    • 0029728966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice forming nuclei in the high Arctic
    • Bigg EK (1996) Ice forming nuclei in the high Arctic. Tellus 48B:223-233
    • (1996) Tellus , vol.48 B , pp. 223-233
    • Bigg, E.K.1
  • 20
    • 0019177255 scopus 로고
    • Sulfate enhancement in marine aerosols owing to biogenic sulfur compounds
    • Bonsang B, Nguyen BC, Gaudry A, Lambert G (1980) Sulfate enhancement in marine aerosols owing to biogenic sulfur compounds. J Geophys Res 85:7410-7416
    • (1980) J Geophys Res , vol.85 , pp. 7410-7416
    • Bonsang, B.1    Nguyen, B.C.2    Gaudry, A.3    Lambert, G.4
  • 21
    • 0020377244 scopus 로고
    • Marine stratocumulus layers. Part II. Turbulence budgets
    • Brost RA, Lenschow DH, Wyngaard JC (1982) Marine stratocumulus layers. Part II. Turbulence budgets. J Atmos Sci 39:818-836
    • (1982) J Atmos Sci , vol.39 , pp. 818-836
    • Brost, R.A.1    Lenschow, D.H.2    Wyngaard, J.C.3
  • 24
    • 0344677240 scopus 로고
    • Cloud optics as a possible stabilizing factor in climate change
    • Charlock TP (1981) Cloud optics as a possible stabilizing factor in climate change. J Atmos Sci 38:661-663
    • (1981) J Atmos Sci , vol.38 , pp. 661-663
    • Charlock, T.P.1
  • 25
    • 0020436577 scopus 로고
    • Cloud optical feedback and climate stability in a radiative-convective model
    • Charlock TP (1982) Cloud optical feedback and climate stability in a radiative-convective model. Tellus 34:245-254
    • (1982) Tellus , vol.34 , pp. 245-254
    • Charlock, T.P.1
  • 27
    • 0023525334 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate
    • Charlson RJ, Lovelock JE, Andreae MO, Warren SG (1987) Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326:655-661
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 655-661
    • Charlson, R.J.1    Lovelock, J.E.2    Andreae, M.O.3    Warren, S.G.4
  • 28
    • 0028869172 scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes of the surface air temperature in relation to solar internal motion
    • Charvatova I, Strestik J (1995) Long-term changes of the surface air temperature in relation to solar internal motion. Clim Change 29:333-352
    • (1995) Clim Change , vol.29 , pp. 333-352
    • Charvatova, I.1    Strestik, J.2
  • 29
    • 0020886563 scopus 로고
    • 2: Information from new approaches to the decomposition of seasonal time-series
    • 2: information from new approaches to the decomposition of seasonal time-series. J Geophys Res 88:10934-10940
    • (1983) J Geophys Res , vol.88 , pp. 10934-10940
    • Cleveland, W.S.1    Frenny, A.E.2    Graedel, T.E.3
  • 30
    • 0023516557 scopus 로고
    • Effect of shipstack effluents on cloud reflectivity
    • Coakley JA, Bernstein RL, Durkee PA (1987) Effect of shipstack effluents on cloud reflectivity. Science 237: 1020-1022
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 1020-1022
    • Coakley, J.A.1    Bernstein, R.L.2    Durkee, P.A.3
  • 32
    • 0022851732 scopus 로고
    • Crop responses to carbon dioxide doubling: A literature survey
    • Cure JD, Acock B (1986) Crop responses to carbon dioxide doubling: a literature survey. Agric For Meteorol 8: 127-145
    • (1986) Agric for Meteorol , vol.8 , pp. 127-145
    • Cure, J.D.1    Acock, B.2
  • 34
    • 0022851162 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic dimethylsulfide: Production during Zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton
    • Dacey JWH, Wakeham SG (1988) Oceanic dimethylsulfide: Production during Zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. Science 233:1314-1316
    • (1988) Science , vol.233 , pp. 1314-1316
    • Dacey, J.W.H.1    Wakeham, S.G.2
  • 35
    • 0030976079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clouds, precipitation and temperature range
    • Dai A, Del Genio AD, Fung IY (1997) Clouds, precipitation and temperature range. Nature 386:665-666
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 665-666
    • Dai, A.1    Del Genio, A.D.2    Fung, I.Y.3
  • 36
    • 0028262626 scopus 로고
    • The medieval warm period on the southern Colorado Plateau
    • Dean JS (1994) The medieval warm period on the southern Colorado Plateau. Clim Change 26:225-241
    • (1994) Clim Change , vol.26 , pp. 225-241
    • Dean, J.S.1
  • 40
    • 11544263472 scopus 로고
    • Observations of aerosol-cloud interactions in satellite-detected visible and near-infrared radiance
    • American Meteorological Society, Boston
    • Durkee PA (1988) Observations of aerosol-cloud interactions in satellite-detected visible and near-infrared radiance. In: Proceedings: Symposium on the role of clouds in atmospheric chemistry and global climate. American Meteorological Society, Boston, p 157-160
    • (1988) Proceedings: Symposium on the Role of Clouds in Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Climate , pp. 157-160
    • Durkee, P.A.1
  • 41
    • 0030953924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotope evidence for early life
    • Eiler JM, Mojzsis SJ, Arrhenius G (1997) Carbon isotope evidence for early life. Nature 386:665
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 665
    • Eiler, J.M.1    Mojzsis, S.J.2    Arrhenius, G.3
  • 42
  • 43
    • 0001504953 scopus 로고
    • Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea
    • Eppley RW (1972) Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea. Fish Bull 70:1063-1085
    • (1972) Fish Bull , vol.70 , pp. 1063-1085
    • Eppley, R.W.1
  • 44
    • 0022837833 scopus 로고
    • First data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)
    • ERBE Science Team (1986) First data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Bull Am Meteorol Soc 67: 818-824
    • (1986) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.67 , pp. 818-824
  • 45
    • 0040097004 scopus 로고
    • A study of solar evolution
    • Ezer D, Cameron AGW (1965) A study of solar evolution. Can J Phys 43:1497-1517
    • (1965) Can J Phys , vol.43 , pp. 1497-1517
    • Ezer, D.1    Cameron, A.G.W.2
  • 46
    • 0025198380 scopus 로고
    • An empirical model of total solar irradiance variation between 1874 and 1988
    • Foukal P, Lean J (1990) An empirical model of total solar irradiance variation between 1874 and 1988. Science 247: 556-558
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 556-558
    • Foukal, P.1    Lean, J.2
  • 49
    • 0026269041 scopus 로고
    • Length of the solar cycle: An indicator of solar activity closely associated with climate
    • Friis-Christensen E, Lassen K (1991) Length of the solar cycle: An indicator of solar activity closely associated with climate. Science 254:698-700
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 698-700
    • Friis-Christensen, E.1    Lassen, K.2
  • 50
    • 0030618240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 concentration changes ectomycorrhizal morphotype assemblages in Betula papyrifera
    • 2 concentration changes ectomycorrhizal morphotype assemblages in Betula papyrifera. Tree Physiol 17: 347-350
    • (1997) Tree Physiol , vol.17 , pp. 347-350
    • Godbold, D.L.1    Berntson, G.M.2
  • 51
    • 84983834540 scopus 로고
    • A kinetic approach to the effect of temperature on algal growth
    • Goldman JC, Carpenter EJ (1974) A kinetic approach to the effect of temperature on algal growth. Limnol Oceanogr 19:756-766
    • (1974) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.19 , pp. 756-766
    • Goldman, J.C.1    Carpenter, E.J.2
  • 52
    • 0002751925 scopus 로고
    • Solar interior structure and luminosity variations
    • Gough DO (1981) Solar interior structure and luminosity variations. Sol Phys 74:21-34
    • (1981) Sol Phys , vol.74 , pp. 21-34
    • Gough, D.O.1
  • 55
    • 0001396504 scopus 로고
    • Surges of maritime tropical air northward over the Gulf of California
    • Hales JE Jr (1972) Surges of maritime tropical air northward over the Gulf of California. Mon Weather Rev 100: 298-306
    • (1972) Mon Weather Rev , vol.100 , pp. 298-306
    • Hales Jr., J.E.1
  • 56
    • 0016048660 scopus 로고
    • Southwestern United States summer monsoon source - Gulf of Mexico or Pacific Ocean?
    • Hales JE Jr (1974) Southwestern United States summer monsoon source - Gulf of Mexico or Pacific Ocean? J Appl Meteorol 13:331-342
    • (1974) J Appl Meteorol , vol.13 , pp. 331-342
    • Hales Jr., J.E.1
  • 57
    • 49349125487 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the atmosphere of the Earth
    • Hart MH (1978) The evolution of the atmosphere of the Earth. Icarus 33:23-29
    • (1978) Icarus , vol.33 , pp. 23-29
    • Hart, M.H.1
  • 58
    • 0020371210 scopus 로고
    • Formation of sulfur dioxide and methane sulfonic acid in the photo-oxidation of dimethylsulfide in the air
    • Hatakeyama SD, Okuda M, Akimoto H (1982) Formation of sulfur dioxide and methane sulfonic acid in the photo-oxidation of dimethylsulfide in the air. Geophys Res Lett 9: 583-586
    • (1982) Geophys Res Lett , vol.9 , pp. 583-586
    • Hatakeyama, S.D.1    Okuda, M.2    Akimoto, H.3
  • 60
    • 0002102072 scopus 로고
    • Cloud changes in a warmer Europe
    • Henderson-Sellers A (1986a) Cloud changes in a warmer Europe. Clim Change 8:25-52
    • (1986) Clim Change , vol.8 , pp. 25-52
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1
  • 61
    • 0022882339 scopus 로고
    • Increasing cloud in a warming world
    • Henderson-Sellers A (1986b) Increasing cloud in a warming world. Clim Change 9:267-309
    • (1986) Clim Change , vol.9 , pp. 267-309
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1
  • 62
    • 0019998654 scopus 로고
    • The Earth's early hydrosphere
    • Henderson-Sellers A, Cogley JG (1982) The Earth's early hydrosphere. Nature 298:832-835
    • (1982) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 832-835
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1    Cogley, J.G.2
  • 64
    • 0030431127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High albedos of cirrus in the tropical Pacific warm pool: Microphysical interpretations from CEPEX and from Kwajalein, Marshall Islands
    • Heymsfield AJ, McFarquhar GM (1996) High albedos of cirrus in the tropical Pacific warm pool: microphysical interpretations from CEPEX and from Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. J Atmos Sci 53:2424-2451
    • (1996) J Atmos Sci , vol.53 , pp. 2424-2451
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 65
    • 0017873840 scopus 로고
    • A technique for measurement of biogenic sulfur emission fluxes
    • Hill FB, Aneja VP, Felder RM (1978) A technique for measurement of biogenic sulfur emission fluxes. Environ Sci Health 13:199-225
    • (1978) Environ Sci Health , vol.13 , pp. 199-225
    • Hill, F.B.1    Aneja, V.P.2    Felder, R.M.3
  • 68
    • 0020706954 scopus 로고
    • Effects of CCN concentrations on stratus clouds
    • Hudson JD (1983) Effects of CCN concentrations on stratus clouds. J Atmos Sci 40:480-486
    • (1983) J Atmos Sci , vol.40 , pp. 480-486
    • Hudson, J.D.1
  • 69
    • 0030893119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spurious trends in satellite MSU temperatures from merging different satellite records
    • Hurrell JW, Trenberth KE (1997) Spurious trends in satellite MSU temperatures from merging different satellite records. Nature 386:164-167
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 164-167
    • Hurrell, J.W.1    Trenberth, K.E.2
  • 70
    • 3343012743 scopus 로고
    • 37 solar neutrino experiment and the solar helium abundance
    • 37 solar neutrino experiment and the solar helium abundance. Ann Phys 54:164-203
    • (1969) Ann Phys , vol.54 , pp. 164-203
    • Iben, I.1
  • 71
    • 0005869783 scopus 로고
    • Office of Climatology, Arizona State University, Tempe
    • 2 enrichment. Office of Climatology, Arizona State University, Tempe
    • (1992) 2 Enrichment
    • Idso, K.E.1
  • 72
    • 0028160261 scopus 로고
    • 2 enrichment in the face of environmental constraints: A review of the past 10 years' research
    • 2 enrichment in the face of environmental constraints: a review of the past 10 years' research. Agric For Meteorol 69:153-203
    • (1994) Agric for Meteorol , vol.69 , pp. 153-203
    • Idso, K.E.1    Idso, S.B.2
  • 73
    • 0019219465 scopus 로고
    • The climatological significance of a doubling of earth's atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration
    • Idso SB (1980) The climatological significance of a doubling of earth's atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Science 207:1462-1463
    • (1980) Science , vol.207 , pp. 1462-1463
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 74
    • 0019685691 scopus 로고
    • A set of equations for full spectrum and 8-14 μm and 10.5-12.5 pm thermal radiation from cloudless skies
    • Idso SB (1981a) A set of equations for full spectrum and 8-14 μm and 10.5-12.5 pm thermal radiation from cloudless skies. Water Resour Res 18:295-304
    • (1981) Water Resour Res , vol.18 , pp. 295-304
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 75
    • 0019697323 scopus 로고
    • An experimental determination of the radiative properties and climatic consequences of atmospheric dust under non-duststorm conditions
    • Idso SB (1981b) An experimental determination of the radiative properties and climatic consequences of atmospheric dust under non-duststorm conditions. Atmos Environ 15: 1251-1259
    • (1981) Atmos Environ , vol.15 , pp. 1251-1259
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 76
    • 11544331324 scopus 로고
    • A surface air temperature response function for earth's atmosphere
    • Idso SB (1982) A surface air temperature response function for earth's atmosphere. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 22:227-232
    • (1982) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.22 , pp. 227-232
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 78
    • 0024165006 scopus 로고
    • 2 greenhouse effect on Mars, Earth, and Venus
    • 2 greenhouse effect on Mars, Earth, and Venus. Sci Total Environ 77:291-294
    • (1988) Sci Total Environ , vol.77 , pp. 291-294
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 79
    • 0024258448 scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse warming or Little Ice Age demise: A critical problem for climatology
    • Idso SB (1988b) Greenhouse warming or Little Ice Age demise: a critical problem for climatology. Theor Appl Climatol 39:54-56
    • (1988) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.39 , pp. 54-56
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 80
    • 11544331644 scopus 로고
    • A role for soil microbes in moderating the carbon dioxide greenhouse effect?
    • Idso SB (1990) A role for soil microbes in moderating the carbon dioxide greenhouse effect? Sou Sci 149:179-180
    • (1990) Sou Sci , vol.149 , pp. 179-180
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 81
    • 0027040225 scopus 로고
    • The DMS-cloud albedo feedback effect: Greatly underestimated?
    • Idso SB (1992b) The DMS-cloud albedo feedback effect: greatly underestimated? Clim Change 21:429-433
    • (1992) Clim Change , vol.21 , pp. 429-433
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 83
    • 0018193725 scopus 로고
    • Climatological effects of atmospheric particulate pollution
    • Idso SB, Brazel AJ (1978) Climatological effects of atmospheric particulate pollution. Nature 274:781-782
    • (1978) Nature , vol.274 , pp. 781-782
    • Idso, S.B.1    Brazel, A.J.2
  • 84
    • 0000691736 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of dust in the lower troposphere
    • Idso SB, Kangieser PC (1970) Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of dust in the lower troposphere. J Geophys Res 75:2179-2184
    • (1970) J Geophys Res , vol.75 , pp. 2179-2184
    • Idso, S.B.1    Kangieser, P.C.2
  • 86
    • 0028994028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shoots, roots and ectomycorrhiza formation of pine seedlings at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide
    • Ineichen K, Wiemken V, Wiemken A (1997) Shoots, roots and ectomycorrhiza formation of pine seedlings at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Plant Cell Environ 18: 703-707
    • (1997) Plant Cell Environ , vol.18 , pp. 703-707
    • Ineichen, K.1    Wiemken, V.2    Wiemken, A.3
  • 87
    • 0029471881 scopus 로고
    • Early Earth's climate: Cloud feedback from reduced land fraction and ozone concentrations
    • Jenkins GS (1995) Early Earth's climate: cloud feedback from reduced land fraction and ozone concentrations. Geophys Res Lett 22:1513-1516
    • (1995) Geophys Res Lett , vol.22 , pp. 1513-1516
    • Jenkins, G.S.1
  • 89
    • 0030945998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-induced warming: An intercomparison of 108 temperature change predictions published between 1980 and 1995
    • 2-induced warming: an intercomparison of 108 temperature change predictions published between 1980 and 1995. Clim Change 35:53-69
    • (1997) Clim Change , vol.35 , pp. 53-69
    • Kacholia, K.1    Reck, R.A.2
  • 90
    • 0030950250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming early Earth and Mars
    • Kasting JF (1997) Warming early Earth and Mars. Science 276:1213-1215
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1213-1215
    • Kasting, J.F.1
  • 91
    • 0023966328 scopus 로고
    • How climate evolved on the terrestrial planets
    • Kasting JF, Toon OB, Pollack JB (1988) How climate evolved on the terrestrial planets. Scient Am 258(2):90-97
    • (1988) Scient Am , vol.258 , Issue.2 , pp. 90-97
    • Kasting, J.F.1    Toon, O.B.2    Pollack, J.B.3
  • 92
    • 0026614075 scopus 로고
    • Biomass and carbon budget of European forests, 1971-1990
    • Kauppi PE, Mielikainen K, Kuusela K (1992) Biomass and carbon budget of European forests, 1971-1990. Science 256: 70-74
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 70-74
    • Kauppi, P.E.1    Mielikainen, K.2    Kuusela, K.3
  • 94
    • 0028797414 scopus 로고
    • Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980
    • Keeling CD, Whorf TP, Wahlen M, van der Pilcht J (1995) Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980. Nature 375:666-670
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 666-670
    • Keeling, C.D.1    Whorf, T.P.2    Wahlen, M.3    Van Der Pilcht, J.4
  • 95
    • 0022172008 scopus 로고
    • The concentration of carbon dioxide at ocean weather station P from 1969-1981
    • Keeling CD, Whorf TP, Wong CS, Bellagay RD (1985) The concentration of carbon dioxide at ocean weather station P from 1969-1981. J Geophys Res 90:10511-10528
    • (1985) J Geophys Res , vol.90 , pp. 10511-10528
    • Keeling, C.D.1    Whorf, T.P.2    Wong, C.S.3    Bellagay, R.D.4
  • 96
    • 21444441815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedimentary record yields several centuries of data
    • Keigwin LD (1996) Sedimentary record yields several centuries of data. Oceanus 39(2):16-18
    • (1996) Oceanus , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 16-18
    • Keigwin, L.D.1
  • 97
    • 0028254759 scopus 로고
    • On the observed near cancellation between longwave and shortwave cloud forcing in tropical regions
    • Kiehl JT (1994) On the observed near cancellation between longwave and shortwave cloud forcing in tropical regions. J Clim 7:559-565
    • (1994) J Clim , vol.7 , pp. 559-565
    • Kiehl, J.T.1
  • 99
    • 0020336082 scopus 로고
    • A model of thermal radiation from partly cloudy and overcast skies
    • Kimball BA, Idso SB, Aase JK (1982) A model of thermal radiation from partly cloudy and overcast skies. Water Resourc Res 18:931-936
    • (1982) Water Resourc Res , vol.18 , pp. 931-936
    • Kimball, B.A.1    Idso, S.B.2    Aase, J.K.3
  • 100
    • 0023823560 scopus 로고
    • Nucleation of sulfuric acid-water and methanesulfonic acid-water solution particles: Implications for the atmospheric chemistry of organosulfur species
    • Kreidenweis SM, Seinfeld JH (1988) Nucleation of sulfuric acid-water and methanesulfonic acid-water solution particles: implications for the atmospheric chemistry of organosulfur species. Atmos Environ 22:283-296
    • (1988) Atmos Environ , vol.22 , pp. 283-296
    • Kreidenweis, S.M.1    Seinfeld, J.H.2
  • 101
    • 0021549222 scopus 로고
    • Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide: Tree ring evidence for growth enhancement in natural vegetation
    • LaMarche VC Jr, Graybill DA, Fritts HC, Rose MR (1984) Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide: tree ring evidence for growth enhancement in natural vegetation. Science 223:1019-1021
    • (1984) Science , vol.223 , pp. 1019-1021
    • LaMarche Jr., V.C.1    Graybill, D.A.2    Fritts, H.C.3    Rose, M.R.4
  • 103
    • 0003091330 scopus 로고
    • Climate in the last thousand years: Natural climatic fluctuations and change
    • Flohn H, Fantechi R (eds) D. Reidel, Dordrecht
    • Lamb HH (1984) Climate in the last thousand years: natural climatic fluctuations and change. In: Flohn H, Fantechi R (eds) The climate of Europe: past, present and future. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, p 25-64
    • (1984) The Climate of Europe: Past, Present and Future , pp. 25-64
    • Lamb, H.H.1
  • 105
    • 0001503026 scopus 로고
    • 2 on crop photosynthesis and productivity: A review of field studies
    • 2 on crop photosynthesis and productivity: a review of field studies. Plant Cell Environ 14:807-818
    • (1991) Plant Cell Environ , vol.14 , pp. 807-818
    • Lawlor, D.W.1    Mitchell, R.A.C.2
  • 107
    • 0029513366 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of solar irradiance since 1610: Implications for climate change
    • Lean J, Beer J, Bradley R (1995) Reconstruction of solar irradiance since 1610: implications for climate change. Geophys Res Lett 22:3195-3198
    • (1995) Geophys Res Lett , vol.22 , pp. 3195-3198
    • Lean, J.1    Beer, J.2    Bradley, R.3
  • 110
    • 85045806851 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide and climate
    • Leovy CB (1980) Carbon dioxide and climate. Science 210: 6-8
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 6-8
    • Leovy, C.B.1
  • 111
    • 0000450424 scopus 로고
    • Long-term solar brightness changes estimated from a survey of sun-like stars
    • Lockwood GW, Skiff BA, Baliunas SL, Radick RR (1992) Long-term solar brightness changes estimated from a survey of sun-like stars. Nature 360:653-655
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 653-655
    • Lockwood, G.W.1    Skiff, B.A.2    Baliunas, S.L.3    Radick, R.R.4
  • 112
    • 0031060870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The faint young sun climatic paradox: Influence of the continental configuration and of the seasonal cycle on the climatic stability
    • Longdoz B, Francois LM (1997) The faint young sun climatic paradox: influence of the continental configuration and of the seasonal cycle on the climatic stability. Global Planet Change 14:97-112
    • (1997) Global Planet Change , vol.14 , pp. 97-112
    • Longdoz, B.1    Francois, L.M.2
  • 114
    • 0020411479 scopus 로고
    • Life span of the biosphere
    • Lovelock JE, Whitfield M (1982) Life span of the biosphere. Nature 296:561-563
    • (1982) Nature , vol.296 , pp. 561-563
    • Lovelock, J.E.1    Whitfield, M.2
  • 115
    • 0028159537 scopus 로고
    • The role of the tropical super greenhouse effect in heating the ocean surface
    • Lubin D (1994) The role of the tropical super greenhouse effect in heating the ocean surface. Science 265:224-227
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 224-227
    • Lubin, D.1
  • 116
    • 0023584427 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of biogenic sulfur emissions from soils and vegetation using dynamic enclosure methods: Total sulfur gas emissions via MFC/FD/FPD determinations
    • MacTaggart DL, Adams DF, Farwell SO (1987) Measurement of biogenic sulfur emissions from soils and vegetation using dynamic enclosure methods: total sulfur gas emissions via MFC/FD/FPD determinations. J Atmos Chem 5: 417-437
    • (1987) J Atmos Chem , vol.5 , pp. 417-437
    • MacTaggart, D.L.1    Adams, D.F.2    Farwell, S.O.3
  • 117
    • 0027136922 scopus 로고
    • Growth and photosynthetic acclimation by Ranunculus aquatilis L. in response to inorganic carbon availability
    • Madsen TV (1993) Growth and photosynthetic acclimation by Ranunculus aquatilis L. in response to inorganic carbon availability. New Phytol 125:707-715
    • (1993) New Phytol , vol.125 , pp. 707-715
    • Madsen, T.V.1
  • 118
    • 0028161636 scopus 로고
    • The interactive effects of light and inorganic carbon on aquatic plant growth
    • Madsen TV, Sand-Jensen K (1994) The interactive effects of light and inorganic carbon on aquatic plant growth. Plant Cell Environ 17:955-962
    • (1994) Plant Cell Environ , vol.17 , pp. 955-962
    • Madsen, T.V.1    Sand-Jensen, K.2
  • 121
    • 0023823564 scopus 로고
    • On the possible role of the biosphere in the control of atmospheric clouds and precipitation
    • Meszaros E (1988) On the possible role of the biosphere in the control of atmospheric clouds and precipitation. Atmos Environ 22:423-424
    • (1988) Atmos Environ , vol.22 , pp. 423-424
    • Meszaros, E.1
  • 123
    • 0002145640 scopus 로고
    • 2 enrichment in greenhouses. Crop responses
    • 2 enrichment in greenhouses. Crop responses. Sci Hort 33:1-25
    • (1987) Sci Hort , vol.33 , pp. 1-25
    • Mortensen, L.M.1
  • 124
    • 0030619096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991
    • Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ, Asrar G, Nemani RR (1997) Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698-702
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 698-702
    • Myneni, R.B.1    Keeling, C.D.2    Tucker, C.J.3    Asrar, G.4    Nemani, R.R.5
  • 125
    • 0000115160 scopus 로고
    • Implication of the solar evolution for the Earth's early atmosphere
    • Newman MJ, Rood RT (1977) Implication of the solar evolution for the Earth's early atmosphere. Science 198: 1035-1037
    • (1977) Science , vol.198 , pp. 1035-1037
    • Newman, M.J.1    Rood, R.T.2
  • 127
    • 0021563606 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of stratocumulus: Aircraft observations and comparisons with a mixed layer model
    • Nicholls S (1984) The dynamics of stratocumulus: aircraft observations and comparisons with a mixed layer model. QJR Meteorol Soc 110:783-820
    • (1984) QJR Meteorol Soc , vol.110 , pp. 783-820
    • Nicholls, S.1
  • 129
    • 0027790209 scopus 로고
    • Large contribution of organic aerosols to cloud-condensation-nuclei concentrations
    • Novakov T, Penner JE (1993) Large contribution of organic aerosols to cloud-condensation-nuclei concentrations. Nature 365:823-826
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 823-826
    • Novakov, T.1    Penner, J.E.2
  • 130
    • 11544295657 scopus 로고
    • Sources of energy for evaporation on tropical islands
    • Nullet D (1987) Sources of energy for evaporation on tropical islands. Phys Geogr 8:36-45
    • (1987) Phys Geogr , vol.8 , pp. 36-45
    • Nullet, D.1
  • 131
    • 0024224127 scopus 로고
    • Temperature and insolation trends in Hawaii
    • Nullet D, Ekern PC (1988) Temperature and insolation trends in Hawaii. Theoret Appl Climatol 39:90-92
    • (1988) Theoret Appl Climatol , vol.39 , pp. 90-92
    • Nullet, D.1    Ekern, P.C.2
  • 132
    • 51249167211 scopus 로고
    • Responses of soil biota to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide
    • O'Neill EG (1994) Responses of soil biota to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Plant Soil 165:55-65
    • (1994) Plant Soil , vol.165 , pp. 55-65
    • O'Neill, E.G.1
  • 133
    • 36849164824 scopus 로고
    • 2 greenhouse to compensate for reduced solar luminosity on early earth
    • 2 greenhouse to compensate for reduced solar luminosity on early earth. Nature 277:640-642
    • (1979) Nature , vol.277 , pp. 640-642
    • Owen, T.1    Cess, R.D.2    Ramanathan, V.3
  • 134
    • 11544352588 scopus 로고
    • Venus lower atmospheric composition: Analysis by gas chromatography
    • Oyama YI, Carle GC, Woeller F, Pollack JB (1979) Venus lower atmospheric composition: analysis by gas chromatography. Science 203:802-805
    • (1979) Science , vol.203 , pp. 802-805
    • Oyama, Y.I.1    Carle, G.C.2    Woeller, F.3    Pollack, J.B.4
  • 135
    • 0019138783 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-radiation feedback to climate
    • Paltridge GW (1980) Cloud-radiation feedback to climate. Q J R Meteorol Soc 106:895-899
    • (1980) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.106 , pp. 895-899
    • Paltridge, G.W.1
  • 136
    • 0019663641 scopus 로고
    • 2 concentration observed in the northern hemisphere
    • 2 concentration observed in the northern hemisphere. J Geophys Res 86:9839-9843
    • (1981) J Geophys Res , vol.86 , pp. 9839-9843
    • Pearman, G.I.1    Hyson, P.2
  • 137
    • 0028262627 scopus 로고
    • A warm and wet little climatic optimum and a cold and dry little ice age in the southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A
    • Petersen KL (1994) A warm and wet little climatic optimum and a cold and dry little ice age in the southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. Clim Change 26:243-269
    • (1994) Clim Change , vol.26 , pp. 243-269
    • Petersen, K.L.1
  • 138
    • 0028183896 scopus 로고
    • Increasing turnover through time in tropical forests
    • Phillips OL, Gentry AH (1994) Increasing turnover through time in tropical forests. Science 263:954-958
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 954-958
    • Phillips, O.L.1    Gentry, A.H.2
  • 139
    • 0028794672 scopus 로고
    • Direct observations of excess solar absorption by clouds
    • Pilewskie P, Valero FPJ (1995) Direct observations of excess solar absorption by clouds. Science 267:1626-1629
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1626-1629
    • Pilewskie, P.1    Valero, F.P.J.2
  • 140
    • 0028329698 scopus 로고
    • Tropical diversity and global change
    • Pimm SL, Sugden AM (1994) Tropical diversity and global change. Science 263:933-934
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 933-934
    • Pimm, S.L.1    Sugden, A.M.2
  • 141
    • 0024192376 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic primary production: Estimation by remote sensing at local and regional scales
    • Platt T, Sathyendranath S (1988) Oceanic primary production: estimation by remote sensing at local and regional scales. Science 241:1613-1620
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1613-1620
    • Platt, T.1    Sathyendranath, S.2
  • 142
    • 0001370056 scopus 로고
    • Climate change on terrestrial planets
    • Pollack JB (1979) Climate change on terrestrial planets. Icarus 37:479-553
    • (1979) Icarus , vol.37 , pp. 479-553
    • Pollack, J.B.1
  • 143
    • 0000162487 scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse models of Venus' high surface temperature, as constrained by Pioneer Venus measurements
    • Pollack JB, Toon OB, Boese R (1980) Greenhouse models of Venus' high surface temperature, as constrained by Pioneer Venus measurements. J Geophys Res 85:8223-8231
    • (1980) J Geophys Res , vol.85 , pp. 8223-8231
    • Pollack, J.B.1    Toon, O.B.2    Boese, R.3
  • 144
    • 0027444415 scopus 로고
    • 2 concentration
    • 2 concentration. Vegetatio 104-105:77-97
    • (1993) Vegetatio , vol.104-105 , pp. 77-97
    • Poorter, H.1
  • 145
    • 0024218642 scopus 로고
    • The greenhouse theory of climate change: A test by an inadvertent global experiment
    • Ramanathan V (1988) The greenhouse theory of climate change: a test by an inadvertent global experiment. Science 240:293-299
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 293-299
    • Ramanathan, V.1
  • 146
    • 0026293941 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Nino
    • Ramanathan V, Collins W (1991) Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Nino. Nature 351:27-32
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 27-32
    • Ramanathan, V.1    Collins, W.2
  • 149
    • 0024855861 scopus 로고
    • Observational determination of the greenhouse effect
    • Raval A, Ramanathan V (1989) Observational determination of the greenhouse effect. Nature 342:758-761
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 758-761
    • Raval, A.1    Ramanathan, V.2
  • 151
    • 0027533955 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton: Limits on growth rates
    • Raven JA (1993) Phytoplankton: limits on growth rates. Nature 361:209-210
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 209-210
    • Raven, J.A.1
  • 152
    • 0342906813 scopus 로고
    • Do solar variations change climate?
    • Reid GC (1993) Do solar variations change climate? EOS: Trans Am Geophys Union 74:23
    • (1993) EOS: Trans Am Geophys Union , vol.74 , pp. 23
    • Reid, G.C.1
  • 153
    • 84986797810 scopus 로고
    • The effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton growth: Temperature and the interactions of temperature with nutrient limitation
    • Rhea GY, Gotham IJ (1981) The effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton growth: temperature and the interactions of temperature with nutrient limitation. Limnol Oceanogr 26:635-648
    • (1981) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.26 , pp. 635-648
    • Rhea, G.Y.1    Gotham, I.J.2
  • 154
    • 0027341259 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide limitation of marine phytoplankton growth rates
    • Riebesell U, Wolf-Gladrow DA, Smetacek V (1993) Carbon dioxide limitation of marine phytoplankton growth rates. Nature 361:249-251
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 249-251
    • Riebesell, U.1    Wolf-Gladrow, D.A.2    Smetacek, V.3
  • 155
    • 0031105709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the belowground microbiota associated with white oak
    • Ringelberg DB, Stair JO, Almeida J, Norby RJ, O'Neill EG, White D (1997) Consequences of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the belowground microbiota associated with white oak. J Environ Qual 26:495-503
    • (1997) J Environ Qual , vol.26 , pp. 495-503
    • Ringelberg, D.B.1    Stair, J.O.2    Almeida, J.3    Norby, R.J.4    O'Neill, E.G.5    White, D.6
  • 157
    • 0023519277 scopus 로고
    • Cloud optical depth feedbacks and climate modeling
    • Roeckner E, Schlese U, Biercamp J, Loewe P (1987) Cloud optical depth feedbacks and climate modeling. Nature 329:138-140
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , pp. 138-140
    • Roeckner, E.1    Schlese, U.2    Biercamp, J.3    Loewe, P.4
  • 159
    • 0021545074 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric transmission and climate: Results from Smithsonian measurements
    • Roosen RG, Angione RJ (1984) Atmospheric transmission and climate: results from Smithsonian measurements. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 65:950-957
    • (1984) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.65 , pp. 950-957
    • Roosen, R.G.1    Angione, R.J.2
  • 162
    • 0031001793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early faint sun paradox: Organic shielding of ultraviolet-labile greenhouse gases
    • Sagan C, Chyba C (1997) The early faint sun paradox: organic shielding of ultraviolet-labile greenhouse gases. Science 276:1217-1221
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1217-1221
    • Sagan, C.1    Chyba, C.2
  • 163
    • 0001788333 scopus 로고
    • Earth and Mars: Evolution of atmospheres and surface temperatures
    • Sagan C, Mullen G (1972) Earth and Mars: evolution of atmospheres and surface temperatures. Science 177: 52-56
    • (1972) Science , vol.177 , pp. 52-56
    • Sagan, C.1    Mullen, G.2
  • 164
    • 11544274612 scopus 로고
    • Light and temperature as controlling factors of phytoplankton growth rate in temperate and polar regions
    • Sakshaug E (1988) Light and temperature as controlling factors of phytoplankton growth rate in temperate and polar regions. EOS: Trans Am Geophys Union 69:1081
    • (1988) EOS: Trans Am Geophys Union , vol.69 , pp. 1081
    • Sakshaug, E.1
  • 166
    • 0027084958 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic use of inorganic carbon among primary and secondary water plants in streams
    • Sand-Jensen K, Pedersen MF, Laurentius S (1992) Photosynthetic use of inorganic carbon among primary and secondary water plants in streams. Freshwater Biol 27: 283-293
    • (1992) Freshwater Biol , vol.27 , pp. 283-293
    • Sand-Jensen, K.1    Pedersen, M.F.2    Laurentius, S.3
  • 168
    • 0001692534 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of the biogenic nuclei involvement in Antarctic coastal clouds
    • Saxena VK (1983) Evidence of the biogenic nuclei involvement in Antarctic coastal clouds. J Phys Chem 87:4130
    • (1983) J Phys Chem , vol.87 , pp. 4130
    • Saxena, V.K.1
  • 170
    • 0023796877 scopus 로고
    • A 3,800-million-year isotopic record of life from carbon in sedimentary rocks
    • Schidlowski M (1988) A 3,800-million-year isotopic record of life from carbon in sedimentary rocks. Nature 333: 313-318
    • (1988) Nature , vol.333 , pp. 313-318
    • Schidlowski, M.1
  • 172
    • 0016984008 scopus 로고
    • Biogenic ice nuclei. Part I. Terrestrial and marine sources
    • Schnell RC, Vali G (1976) Biogenic ice nuclei. Part I. Terrestrial and marine sources. J Atmos Sci 33:1554-1564
    • (1976) J Atmos Sci , vol.33 , pp. 1554-1564
    • Schnell, R.C.1    Vali, G.2
  • 173
    • 0018010517 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the earliest cells
    • Schopf JW (1978) The evolution of the earliest cells. Scient Am 239(3):110-138
    • (1978) Scient Am , vol.239 , Issue.3 , pp. 110-138
    • Schopf, J.W.1
  • 174
    • 0000815665 scopus 로고
    • Alga-like fossils from the early Precambrian of South Africa
    • Schopf JW, Barghourn ES (1967) Alga-like fossils from the early Precambrian of South Africa. Science 156:507-512
    • (1967) Science , vol.156 , pp. 507-512
    • Schopf, J.W.1    Barghourn, E.S.2
  • 175
    • 0039814062 scopus 로고
    • Inhomogeneous stellar models. V. A solar model with convective envelope and inhomogeneous interior
    • Schwarzchild M, Howard R, Harm R (1957) Inhomogeneous stellar models. V. A solar model with convective envelope and inhomogeneous interior. Astrophys J 125:233-241
    • (1957) Astrophys J , vol.125 , pp. 233-241
    • Schwarzchild, M.1    Howard, R.2    Harm, R.3
  • 176
    • 0027526714 scopus 로고
    • A 2000-year tree ring record of annual temperatures in the Sierra Nevada mountains
    • Scuderi LA (1993) A 2000-year tree ring record of annual temperatures in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Science 259: 1433-1436
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 1433-1436
    • Scuderi, L.A.1
  • 178
    • 0028175833 scopus 로고
    • Middle Ages temperature reconstructions in Europe, a focus on Northeastern Italy
    • Serre-Bachet F (1994) Middle Ages temperature reconstructions in Europe, a focus on Northeastern Italy. Clim Change 26:213-224
    • (1994) Clim Change , vol.26 , pp. 213-224
    • Serre-Bachet, F.1
  • 179
    • 0030618970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of carbon dioxide in the initiation and maintenance of blue-green dominance in lakes
    • Shapiro J (1997) The role of carbon dioxide in the initiation and maintenance of blue-green dominance in lakes. Freshwater Biol 37:307-323
    • (1997) Freshwater Biol , vol.37 , pp. 307-323
    • Shapiro, J.1
  • 180
    • 0020903718 scopus 로고
    • Bio-controlled thermostasis involving the sulfur cycle
    • Shaw GE (1983) Bio-controlled thermostasis involving the sulfur cycle. Clim Change 5:297-303
    • (1983) Clim Change , vol.5 , pp. 297-303
    • Shaw, G.E.1
  • 181
    • 0023159673 scopus 로고
    • Aerosols as climate regulators: A climate-biosphere linkage?
    • Shaw GE (1987) Aerosols as climate regulators: a climate-biosphere linkage? Atmos Environ 21:985-986
    • (1987) Atmos Environ , vol.21 , pp. 985-986
    • Shaw, G.E.1
  • 183
    • 0025119349 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the Earth's radiation budget to changes in low clouds
    • Slingo A (1990) Sensitivity of the Earth's radiation budget to changes in low clouds. Nature 343:49-51
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 49-51
    • Slingo, A.1
  • 186
    • 21444443521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of solar irradiance variability from terrestrial temperature changes, 1880-1993: An astrophysical application of the sun-climate connection
    • Soon WH, Posmentier ES, Baliunas SL (1996) Inference of solar irradiance variability from terrestrial temperature changes, 1880-1993: an astrophysical application of the sun-climate connection. Astrophys J 472:891-902
    • (1996) Astrophys J , vol.472 , pp. 891-902
    • Soon, W.H.1    Posmentier, E.S.2    Baliunas, S.L.3
  • 187
    • 11544360861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1996: A preview of cooler days ahead
    • Michaels PJ (ed) New Hope Environmental Services, New Hope
    • Spencer RW (1997) 1996: a preview of cooler days ahead. In: Michaels PJ (ed) State of the climate report: essays on global climate change. New Hope Environmental Services, New Hope, p 14-17
    • (1997) State of the Climate Report: Essays on Global Climate Change , pp. 14-17
    • Spencer, R.W.1
  • 190
    • 0031459033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of ice-forming nuclei: A review
    • Szyrmer W, Zawadzki I (1997) Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of ice-forming nuclei: a review. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78:209-228
    • (1997) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.78 , pp. 209-228
    • Szyrmer, W.1    Zawadzki, I.2
  • 191
    • 0027029833 scopus 로고
    • 2 sediment interactions
    • 2 sediment interactions. Oecologia 92:391-398
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.92 , pp. 391-398
    • Titus, J.E.1
  • 193
    • 0002858348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climate system: An overview
    • Houghton JT, Meira Filho LG, Callander BA, Harris N, Kattenberg A, Maskell K (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Trenberth KE, Houghton JT, Meira Filho LG (1996) The climate system: an overview. In: Houghton JT, Meira Filho LG, Callander BA, Harris N, Kattenberg A, Maskell K (eds) Climate change 1995: the science of climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 51-64
    • (1996) Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change , pp. 51-64
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Houghton, J.T.2    Meira Filho, L.G.3
  • 194
    • 0024198239 scopus 로고
    • The seasonal variation of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl-sulfoniopropionate concentrations in nearshore waters
    • Turner SM, Malin G, Liss PS, Harbour DS, Holligan PM (1988) The seasonal variation of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl-sulfoniopropionate concentrations in nearshore waters. Limnol Oceanogr 33:364-375
    • (1988) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.33 , pp. 364-375
    • Turner, S.M.1    Malin, G.2    Liss, P.S.3    Harbour, D.S.4    Holligan, P.M.5
  • 195
    • 0029663229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased dimethyl sulphide concentrations in sea water from in situ iron enrichment
    • Turner SM, Nightingale PD, Spokes LJ, Liddicoat MI, Liss PS (1996) Increased dimethyl sulphide concentrations in sea water from in situ iron enrichment. Nature 383: 513-517
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 513-517
    • Turner, S.M.1    Nightingale, P.D.2    Spokes, L.J.3    Liddicoat, M.I.4    Liss, P.S.5
  • 196
    • 0000758803 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of measurements of cloud droplets and cloud nuclei
    • Twomey SA, Warner J (1967) Comparison of measurements of cloud droplets and cloud nuclei. J Atmos Sci 24:702-703
    • (1967) J Atmos Sci , vol.24 , pp. 702-703
    • Twomey, S.A.1    Warner, J.2
  • 197
    • 84988158509 scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis of dimethylsulfide and dimethylpropiothetin by Hymenomonas carterae in relation to sulfur source and salinity variations
    • Vairavamurthy A, Andreae MO, Iverson RL (1985) Biosynthesis of dimethylsulfide and dimethylpropiothetin by Hymenomonas carterae in relation to sulfur source and salinity variations. Limnol Oceanogr 30:59-70
    • (1985) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.30 , pp. 59-70
    • Vairavamurthy, A.1    Andreae, M.O.2    Iverson, R.L.3
  • 198
    • 0030620921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct radiometric observations of the water vapor greenhouse effect over the equatorial Pacific Ocean
    • Valero FPJ, Collins WD, Pilewskie P, Bucholtz A, Flatau PJ (1997) Direct radiometric observations of the water vapor greenhouse effect over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Science 275:1773-1776
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1773-1776
    • Valero, F.P.J.1    Collins, W.D.2    Pilewskie, P.3    Bucholtz, A.4    Flatau, P.J.5
  • 200
    • 0028175826 scopus 로고
    • Tree-ring and glacial evidence for the medieval warm epoch and the little ice age in southern South America
    • Villalba R (1994) Tree-ring and glacial evidence for the medieval warm epoch and the little ice age in southern South America. Clim Change 26:183-197
    • (1994) Clim Change , vol.26 , pp. 183-197
    • Villalba, R.1
  • 201
    • 0022417190 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide on the early Earth
    • Walker JCG (1985) Carbon dioxide on the early Earth. Origins Life 16:117-127
    • (1985) Origins Life , vol.16 , pp. 117-127
    • Walker, J.C.G.1
  • 203
    • 0000831413 scopus 로고
    • The production of cloud nuclei by cane fires and the effect on cloud droplet concentra-tion
    • Warner J, Twomey SA (1967) The production of cloud nuclei by cane fires and the effect on cloud droplet concentra-tion. J Atmos Sci 24:704-706
    • (1967) J Atmos Sci , vol.24 , pp. 704-706
    • Warner, J.1    Twomey, S.A.2
  • 204
    • 0018673967 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal simulation as a test for uncertainties in the parameterizations of a BudykoSellers zonal climate model
    • Warren SG, Schneider SH (1979) Seasonal simulation as a test for uncertainties in the parameterizations of a BudykoSellers zonal climate model. J Atmos Sci 36:1377-1391
    • (1979) J Atmos Sci , vol.36 , pp. 1377-1391
    • Warren, S.G.1    Schneider, S.H.2
  • 205
    • 0021581683 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-radiation interaction and the climate problem
    • Houghton JT (ed) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Webster PJ, Stephens GL (1984) Cloud-radiation interaction and the climate problem. In: Houghton JT (ed) The global climate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 63-78
    • (1984) The Global Climate , pp. 63-78
    • Webster, P.J.1    Stephens, G.L.2
  • 206
    • 0342747801 scopus 로고
    • On the nature of Aitken condensation nuclei
    • Went FW (1966) On the nature of Aitken condensation nuclei. Tellus 18:549-555
    • (1966) Tellus , vol.18 , pp. 549-555
    • Went, F.W.1
  • 208
    • 11544331319 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide, ammonia and the origin of life
    • Wigley TML, Brimblecombe P (1981) Carbon dioxide, ammonia and the origin of life. Nature 291:213-215
    • (1981) Nature , vol.291 , pp. 213-215
    • Wigley, T.M.L.1    Brimblecombe, P.2
  • 209
    • 0002500692 scopus 로고
    • 2 fertilization effect in forests: Estimates of the biotic growth factor based on 58 controlled-exposure studies
    • Woodwell GM, Mackenzie FT (eds) Oxford University Press, New York
    • 2 fertilization effect in forests: estimates of the biotic growth factor based on 58 controlled-exposure studies. In: Woodwell GM, Mackenzie FT (eds) Biotic feedbacks in the global climatic system. Oxford University Press, New York, p 85-107
    • (1995) Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System , pp. 85-107
    • Wullschleger, S.D.1    Post, W.M.2    King, A.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.