Nonreciprocal packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 RNA: A possible role for the p2 domain of gag in RNA encapsidation

Journal of Virology

Volumn 72, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 5877-5885

  Kaye, Jane F ^a   Lever, Andrew M L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GAG PROTEIN; POL PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CHIMERA; CLONING VECTOR; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 2; LENTIVIRINAE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROVIRUS; RNA TRANSPORT; SPLICEOSOME;

EID: 0031800763     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.7.5877-5885.1998     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aldovini, A., and R. A. Young. 1990. Mutations of RNA and protein sequences involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 packaging result in production of noninfectious virus. J. Virol. 64:1920-1926.
2. Arya, S. K., and R. C. Gallo. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2-mediated inhibition of HIV type 1: a new approach to gene therapy of HIV-infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:4486-4491.
3. Arya, S. K., and R. C. Gallo. 1988. Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat: analysis of regulatory elements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:9753-9757.
4. Berkhout, B. 1996. Structure and function of the human immunodeficiency virus leader RNA. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 54:1-34.
5. Berkhout, B., A. Gatignol, J. Silver, and K. T. Jeang. 1990. Efficient transactivation by the HIV-2 Tat protein requires a duplicated TAR RNA structure. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:1839-1846.
6. Berkowitz, R. D., and S. P. Goff. 1994. Analysis of binding elements in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomic RNA and nucleocapsid protein. Virology 202:233-246.
7. Berkowitz, R. D., J. Luban, and S. P. Goff. 1993. Specific binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag polyprotein and nucleocapsid protein to viral RNAs detected by RNA mobility shift assays. J. Virol. 67:7190-7200.
8. Berkowitz, R. D., A. Ohagen, S. Hoglund, and S. P. Goff. 1995. Retroviral nucleocapsid domains mediate the specific recognition of genomic viral RNAs by chimeric gag polyproteins during RNA packaging in vivo. J. Virol. 69:6445-6456.
9. Clackson, T., D. Gussow, and P. T. Jones. 1991. General application of PCR to gene cloning and manipulation, p. 204-207. In M. J. McPherson, P. Quirke, and G. R. Taylor (ed.), PCR: a practical approach. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.
10. Clavel, F., and J. M. Orenstein. 1990. A mutant of human immunodeficiency virus with reduced RNA packaging and abnormal particle morphology. J. Virol. 64:5230-5234.
11. Clever, J., C. Sassetti, and T. G. Parslow. 1995. RNA secondary structure and binding sites for gag gene products in the 5′ packaging signal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 69:2101-2109.
12. Dannull, J., A. Surovoy, G. Jung, and K. Moelling. 1994. Specific binding of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein to PSI RNA in vitro requires N-terminal zinc finger and flanking basic amino acid residues. EMBO J. 13:1525-1533.
13. Dillon, P. J., P. Nelbock, A. Perkins, and C. A. Rosen. 1990. Function of the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 Rev proteins is dependent on their ability to interact with a structured region present in env gene mRNA. J. Virol. 64:4428-4437.
14. Dorfman, T., J. Luban, S. P. Goff, W. A. Haseltine, and H. G. Gottlinger. 1993. Mapping of functionally important residues of a cysteine-histidine box in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein. J. Virol. 67:6159-6169.
15. Emerman, M., M. Guyader, L. Montagnier, D. Baltimore, and M. A. Muesing. 1987. The specificity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 transactivator is different from that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. EMBO J. 6:3755-3760.
16. Fenrick, R., M. H. Malim, J. Hauber, S. Y. Le, J. Maizel, and B. R. Cullen. 1989. Functional analysis of the Tat trans activator of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. J. Virol. 63:5006-5012.
17. Fisher, A. G., E. Collalti, L. Ratner, R. C. Gallo, and F. Wong Staal. 1985. A molecular clone of HTLV-III with biological activity. Nature 316:262-265.
18. Garrett, E. D., and B. R. Cullen. 1992. Comparative analysis of Rev function in human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. J. Virol. 66:4288-4294.
19. Garzino Demo, A., R. C. Gallo, and S. K. Arya. 1995. Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2): packaging signal and associated negative regulatory element. Hum. Gene Ther. 6:177-184.
20. Gorelick, R. J., D. J. Chabot, A. Rein, L. E. Henderson, and L. O. Arthur. 1993. The two zinc fingers in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein are not functionally equivalent. J. Virol. 67:4027-4036.
21. Guyader, M., M. Emerman, P. Sonigo, F. Clavel, L. Montagnier, and M. Alizon. 1987. Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2. Nature. 326:662-669.
22. Haddrick, M., Z. Han Liu, A. Lau, S. Heaphy, and A. J. Cann. 1996. Production of non-infectious human immunodeficiency virus-like particles which package specifically viral RNA. J. Virol. Methods 61:89-93.
23. Hayashi, T., T. Shioda, Y. Iwakura, and H. Shibuta. 1992. RNA packaging signal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Virology 188:590-599.
24. Kaye, J. F., and A. M. Lever. 1996. trans-acting proteins involved in RNA encapsidation and viral assembly in human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 70:880-886.
25. Kaye, J. F., J. H. Richardson, and A. M. Lever. 1995. cis-acting sequences involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA packaging. J. Virol. 69:6588-6592.
26. Kim, H. J., K. Lee, and J. J. O'Rear. 1994. A short sequence upstream of the 5′ major splice site is important for encapsidation of HIV-1 genomic RNA. Virology 198:336-340.
27. Krausslich, H. G., M. Facke, A. M. Heuser, J. Konvalinka, and H. Zentgraf. 1995. The spacer peptide between human immunodeficiency virus capsid and nucleocapsid proteins is essential for ordered assembly and viral infectivity. J. Virol. 69:3407-3419.
28. Kunkel, T. A., J. D. Roberts, and R. A. Zakour. 1987. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Methods Enzymol. 154:367-382.
29. Lever, A., H. Gottlinger, W. Haseltine, and J. Sodroski. 1989. Identification of a sequence required for efficient packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA into virions. J. Virol. 63:4085-4087.
30. Lewis, N., J. Williams, D. Rekosh, and M. L. Hammarskjold. 1990. Identification of a cis-acting element in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) that is responsive to the HIV-1 rev and human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II rex proteins. J. Virol. 64:1690-1697.
31. Luban, J., and S. P. Goff. 1994. Mutational analysis of cis-acting packaging signals in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA. J. Virol. 68:3784-3793.
32. Malim, M. H., S. Bohnlein, R. Fenrick, S. Y. Le, J. V. Maizel, and B. R. Cullen. 1989. Functional comparison of the Rev trans-activators encoded by different primate immunodeficiency virus species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8222-8226.
33. McBride, M. S., and A. T. Panganiban. 1996. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encapsidation site is a multipartite RNA element composed of functional hairpin structures. J. Virol. 70:2963-2973.
34. McBride, M. S., M. D. Schwartz, and A. T. Panganiban. 1997. Efficient encapsidation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vectors and further characterization of cis elements required for encapsidation. J. Virol. 71: 4544-4554.
35. McCann, E. M., and A. M. Lever. 1997. Location of cis-acting signals important for RNA encapsidation in the leader sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. J. Virol. 71:4133-4137.
36. Morellet, N., H. de Rocquigny, Y. Mely, N. Jullian, H. Demene, M. Ottmann, D. Gerard, J. L. Darlix, M. C. Fournie Zaluski, and B. P. Roques. 1994. Conformational behaviour of the active and inactive forms of the nucleocapsid NCp7 of HIV-1 studied by 1H NMR. J. Mol. Biol. 235:287-301.
37. Parolin, C., T. Dorfman, G. Palu, H. Gottlinger, and J. Sodroski. 1994. Analysis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vectors of cis-acting sequences that affect gene transfer into human lymphocytes. J. Virol. 68:3888-3895.
38. Pettit, S. C., M. D. Moody, R. S. Wehbie, A. H. Kaplan, P. V. Nantermet, C. A. Klein, and R. Swanstrom. 1994. The p2 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag regulates sequential proteolytic processing and is required to produce fully infectious virions. J. Virol. 68:8017-8027.
39. Poeschla, E., P. Corbeau, and F. Wong Staal. 1996. Development of HIV vectors for anti-HIV gene therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:11395-11399.
40. Potts, B. J. 1990. 'Mini' reverse transcriptase (RT) assay, p. 102-106. In A. Aldovini and B. D. Walker (ed.), Techniques in HIV research. Stockton Press, New York, N.Y.
41. Richardson, J. H., L. A. Child, and A. M. Lever. 1993. Packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA requires cis-acting sequences outside the 5′ leader region. J. Virol. 67:3997-4005.
42. Rizvi, T. A., and A. T. Panganiban. 1993. Simian immunodeficiency virus RNA is efficiently encapsidated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles. J. Virol. 67:2681-2688.
43. Sakaguchi, K., N. Zambrano, E. T. Baldwin, B. A. Shapiro, J. W. Erickson, J. G. Omichinski, G. M. Clore, A. M. Gronenborn, and E. Appella. 1993. Identification of a binding site for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5219-5223.
44. Sakai, H., H. Siomi, H. Shida, R. Shibata, T. Kiyomasu, and A. Adachi. 1990. Functional comparison of transactivation by human retrovirus rev and rex genes. J. Virol. 64:5833-5839.
45. Schmalzbauer, E., B. Strack, J. Dannull, S. Guehmann, and K. Moelling. 1996. Mutations of basic amino acids of NCp7 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affect RNA binding in vitro. J. Virol. 70:771-777.
46. Selden, R. F. 1987. Transfection using DEAE-dextran, p. 9.21-9.22. In R. Ausubel, R. E. Brent, D. D. Kingston, J. G. Moore, J. A. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl (ed.), Current protocols in molecular biology. Wiley Interscience, New York, N.Y.
47. Zhang, Y., and E. Barklis. 1995. Nucleocapsid protein effects on the specificity of retrovirus RNA encapsidation. J. Virol. 69:5716-5722.