메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 2177-2199

Changes in brain activity during motor learning measured with PET: Effects of hand of performance and practice

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; CEREBELLUM; FEMALE; HAND MOVEMENT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MOTOR CORTEX; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NORMAL HUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STOMACH PARIETAL CELL; VELOCITY;

EID: 0031739142     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.2177     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (185)

References (114)
  • 1
    • 0025756563 scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of activity in the supplementary motor area associated with motor learning and functional recovery
    • AIZAWA, H., INASE, M., MUSHIAKE, H., SHIMA, K., AND TANJI, J. Reorganization of activity in the supplementary motor area associated with motor learning and functional recovery. Exp. Brain Res. 84: 668-671, 1991.
    • (1991) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.84 , pp. 668-671
    • Aizawa, H.1    Inase, M.2    Mushiake, H.3    Shima, K.4    Tanji, J.5
  • 2
    • 0025182928 scopus 로고
    • An output zone of the monkey primary motor cortex specialized for bilateral hand movement
    • AIZAWA, H., MUSHIAKE, H., AND TANJI, J. An output zone of the monkey primary motor cortex specialized for bilateral hand movement. Exp. Brain Res. 82: 219-221, 1990.
    • (1990) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.82 , pp. 219-221
    • Aizawa, H.1    Mushiake, H.2    Tanji, J.3
  • 3
    • 0030995187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attentional activation of the cerebellum independent of motor involvement
    • ALLEN, G., BUXTON, R. B., WONG, E. C., AND COURCHESNE, E. Attentional activation of the cerebellum independent of motor involvement. Science 275: 1940-1943, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1940-1943
    • Allen, G.1    Buxton, R.B.2    Wong, E.C.3    Courchesne, E.4
  • 4
  • 5
    • 3643078952 scopus 로고
    • Ipsilateral activation and voluntary movement: A positron emission tomography study
    • BONDE, C. T., BLINKENBERG, M., LAW, I., SVARER, C., AND PAULSON, O. B. Ipsilateral activation and voluntary movement: a positron emission tomography study (Abstract). Hum. Brain Map. S1: 313, 1995.
    • (1995) Hum. Brain Map. , vol.S1 , pp. 313
    • Bonde, C.T.1    Blinkenberg, M.2    Law, I.3    Svarer, C.4    Paulson, O.B.5
  • 7
    • 0028897131 scopus 로고
    • The functions of the medial premotor cortex. II. The timing and selection of learned movements
    • CHEN, Y.-C., THALER, D., NIXON, P. D., STERN, C. E., AND PASSINGHAM, R. E. The functions of the medial premotor cortex. II. The timing and selection of learned movements. Exp. Brain Res. 102: 461-473, 1995.
    • (1995) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.102 , pp. 461-473
    • Chen, Y.-C.1    Thaler, D.2    Nixon, P.D.3    Stern, C.E.4    Passingham, R.E.5
  • 10
    • 0026697572 scopus 로고
    • Preparation for reaching: A PET study of the participating structures in the human brain
    • DECETY, J., KAWASHIMA, R., GULYAS, B., AND ROLAND, P. E. Preparation for reaching: a PET study of the participating structures in the human brain. Neuroreport 3: 761-764, 1992.
    • (1992) Neuroreport , vol.3 , pp. 761-764
    • Decety, J.1    Kawashima, R.2    Gulyas, B.3    Roland, P.E.4
  • 11
    • 0025202220 scopus 로고
    • The cerebellum participates in mental activity: Tomographic measurement of regional cerebral blood flow
    • DECETY, J., SJOHOLM, H., RYDING, E., STENBERG, G., AND INGVAR, D. H. The cerebellum participates in mental activity: tomographic measurement of regional cerebral blood flow. Brain Res. 535: 313-317, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.535 , pp. 313-317
    • Decety, J.1    Sjoholm, H.2    Ryding, E.3    Stenberg, G.4    Ingvar, D.H.5
  • 12
    • 0030025693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral structures participating in motor preparation in humans: A positron emission tomography study
    • DEIBER, M.-P., IBANEZ, V., SADATO, N., AND HALLETT, M. Cerebral structures participating in motor preparation in humans: a positron emission tomography study. J. Neurophysiol. 75: 233-247, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.75 , pp. 233-247
    • Deiber, M.-P.1    Ibanez, V.2    Sadato, N.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 14
    • 0025404043 scopus 로고
    • Movement-related cortical potentials: Their relationship to the laterally complexity and learning of a movement
    • DEMIRALP, T., KARAMÜRSEL, S., KARAKULLUKÇU, Y. E., AND GÖKHAN, N. Movement-related cortical potentials: their relationship to the laterally complexity and learning of a movement. Int. J. Neurosci. 51: 153-162, 1990.
    • (1990) Int. J. Neurosci. , vol.51 , pp. 153-162
    • Demiralp, T.1    Karamürsel, S.2    Karakullukçu, Y.E.3    Gökhan, N.4
  • 15
    • 0030633508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skill learning
    • DOYON, J. Skill learning. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 41: 273-294, 1997.
    • (1997) Int. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 273-294
    • Doyon, J.1
  • 17
    • 0030066198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar contributions to cognition
    • FIEZ, J. A. Cerebellar contributions to cognition. Neuron 16: 13-15, 1996.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 13-15
    • Fiez, J.A.1
  • 18
    • 0026603359 scopus 로고
    • Impaired non-motor learning and error detection associated with cerebellar damage. A single case study
    • FIEZ, J. A., PETERSEN, S. E., CHENEY, M. K., AND RAICHLE, M. E. Impaired non-motor learning and error detection associated with cerebellar damage. A single case study. Brain 115: 155-178, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 155-178
    • Fiez, J.A.1    Petersen, S.E.2    Cheney, M.K.3    Raichle, M.E.4
  • 19
    • 0002267575 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual-motor skill learning
    • edited by A. W. Melton. New York: Academic
    • FITTS, P. M. Perceptual-motor skill learning. In: Categories of Human Learning, edited by A. W. Melton. New York: Academic, 1964, p. 234-285.
    • (1964) Categories of Human Learning , pp. 234-285
    • Fitts, P.M.1
  • 20
    • 0030448825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar activation during the learning of a visuomotor dissociation task
    • FLAMENT, D., ELLERMANN, J. M., KIM, S.-G., UGURBIL, K., AND EBNER, T. J. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar activation during the learning of a visuomotor dissociation task. Hum. Brain Map. 4: 210-226, 1996.
    • (1996) Hum. Brain Map. , vol.4 , pp. 210-226
    • Flament, D.1    Ellermann, J.M.2    Kim, S.-G.3    Ugurbil, K.4    Ebner, T.J.5
  • 22
    • 0023722018 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced detection of focal brain responses using intersubject averaging and change-distribution analysis of subtracted pet images
    • FOX, P. T., MINTUN, M. A., REIMAN, E. M., AND RAICHLE, M. E. Enhanced detection of focal brain responses using intersubject averaging and change-distribution analysis of subtracted pet images. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 8: 642-653, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.8 , pp. 642-653
    • Fox, P.T.1    Mintun, M.A.2    Reiman, E.M.3    Raichle, M.E.4
  • 23
    • 0021930013 scopus 로고
    • A stereotactic method of anatomical localization for positron emission tomography
    • FOX, P. T., PERLMUTTER, J. S., AND RAICHLE, M. E. A stereotactic method of anatomical localization for positron emission tomography. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 9: 141-153, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. , vol.9 , pp. 141-153
    • Fox, P.T.1    Perlmutter, J.S.2    Raichle, M.E.3
  • 28
    • 0030873763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation over the human supplementary motor area interferes with the organization of future elements in complex motor sequences
    • GERLOFF, C., CORWELL, B., CHEN, R., HALLETT, M., AND COHEN L. G. Stimulation over the human supplementary motor area interferes with the organization of future elements in complex motor sequences. Brain 120: 1587-1602, 1997.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 1587-1602
    • Gerloff, C.1    Corwell, B.2    Chen, R.3    Hallett, M.4    Cohen, L.G.5
  • 29
    • 0000881887 scopus 로고
    • Ipsilateral representation in the motor cortex: Its significance in relation to motor function
    • GLEES, P. AND COLE, J. Ipsilateral representation in the motor cortex: its significance in relation to motor function. Lancet 1: 1191-1192, 1952.
    • (1952) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1191-1192
    • Glees, P.1    Cole, J.2
  • 30
    • 0026696830 scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of human procedural learning determined with regional cerebral blood flow and PET
    • GRAFTON, S. T., MAZZIOTTA, J. C., PRESTY, S., FRISTON, K. J., FRACKOWIAK, S. J., AND PHELPS, M. E. Functional anatomy of human procedural learning determined with regional cerebral blood flow and PET. J. Neurosci. 12: 2542-2548, 1992a.
    • (1992) J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 2542-2548
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Mazziotta, J.C.2    Presty, S.3    Friston, K.J.4    Frackowiak, S.J.5    Phelps, M.E.6
  • 31
    • 0026637294 scopus 로고
    • Human functional anatomy of visually guided finger movements
    • GRAFTON, S. T., MAZZIOTTA, J. C., WOODS, R. P., AND PHELPS, M. E. Human functional anatomy of visually guided finger movements. Brain 115: 565-587, 1992b.
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 565-587
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Mazziotta, J.C.2    Woods, R.P.3    Phelps, M.E.4
  • 32
    • 0027373517 scopus 로고
    • Within-arm somatotopy in human motor areas determined by positron emission tomography imaging of cerebral blood flow
    • GRAFTON, S. T., WOODS, R. C., AND MAZZIOTTA, J. C. Within-arm somatotopy in human motor areas determined by positron emission tomography imaging of cerebral blood flow. Exp. Brain Res. 95: 172-176, 1993.
    • (1993) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.95 , pp. 172-176
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Woods, R.C.2    Mazziotta, J.C.3
  • 33
    • 0026095040 scopus 로고
    • Somatotopic mapping of the primary motor cortex in humans: Activation studies with cerebral blood flow and positron emission tomography
    • GRAFTON, S. T., WOODS, R. C., MAZZIOTTA, J. C., AND PHELPS, M. E. Somatotopic mapping of the primary motor cortex in humans: activation studies with cerebral blood flow and positron emission tomography. J. Neurophysiot. 66: 735-743, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiot. , vol.66 , pp. 735-743
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Woods, R.C.2    Mazziotta, J.C.3    Phelps, M.E.4
  • 34
    • 12344321790 scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging of procedural motor learning: Relating cerebral blood flow with individual subject performance
    • GRAFTON, S. T., WOODS, R. P., AND TYSZKA, M. Functional imaging of procedural motor learning: relating cerebral blood flow with individual subject performance. Hum. Brain Map. 1: 221-234, 1994.
    • (1994) Hum. Brain Map. , vol.1 , pp. 221-234
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Woods, R.P.2    Tyszka, M.3
  • 36
    • 0026571263 scopus 로고
    • Regional glucose metabolic changes after learning a complex visuospatial/motor task: A positron emission tomographic study
    • HAIER, R. J., SIEGEL, B. V., MACLACHLAN, A., SODERLING, E., LOTTENBERG, A. S., AND BUCHSBAUM, M. S. Regional glucose metabolic changes after learning a complex visuospatial/motor task: a positron emission tomographic study. Brain Res. 570: 134-143, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.570 , pp. 134-143
    • Haier, R.J.1    Siegel, B.V.2    Maclachlan, A.3    Soderling, E.4    Lottenberg, A.S.5    Buchsbaum, M.S.6
  • 37
    • 0025069926 scopus 로고
    • Premotor cortex and conditional motor learning in man
    • HALSBAND, U. AND FREUND, H.-J. Premotor cortex and conditional motor learning in man. Brain 113: 207-222, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , pp. 207-222
    • Halsband, U.1    Freund, H.-J.2
  • 38
    • 0027401153 scopus 로고
    • The role of premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area in the temporal control of movement in man
    • HALSBAND, U., ITO, N., TANJI, J., AND FREUND, H.-J. The role of premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area in the temporal control of movement in man. Brain 116: 243-266, 1993.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 243-266
    • Halsband, U.1    Ito, N.2    Tanji, J.3    Freund, H.-J.4
  • 39
    • 0028125345 scopus 로고
    • The functional organization of human extrastriate cortex: A PET-rCBF study of selective attention to faces and locations
    • HAXBY, J. V., HORWITZ, B., UNGERLEIDER, L. G., MAISOG, J. M., PIETRINI, P., AND GRADY, C. L. The functional organization of human extrastriate cortex: a PET-rCBF study of selective attention to faces and locations. J. Neurosci. 14: 6336-6353, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 6336-6353
    • Haxby, J.V.1    Horwitz, B.2    Ungerleider, L.G.3    Maisog, J.M.4    Pietrini, P.5    Grady, C.L.6
  • 40
    • 0031048408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention and stimulus characteristics determine the locus of motor-sequence encoding. A PET study
    • HAZELTINE, E., GRAFTON, S. T., AND IVRY, R. Attention and stimulus characteristics determine the locus of motor-sequence encoding. A PET study. Brain 120: 123-140, 1997.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 123-140
    • Hazeltine, E.1    Grafton, S.T.2    Ivry, R.3
  • 42
    • 0029982403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of human presupplementary motor area in learning of sequential procedures: A functional MRI study
    • HIKOSAKA, O., SAKAI, K., MIYAUCHI, S., TAKINO, R., SASAKI, Y., AND PÜTZ, B. Activation of human presupplementary motor area in learning of sequential procedures: a functional MRI study. J. Neurophysiol. 76: 617-621, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.76 , pp. 617-621
    • Hikosaka, O.1    Sakai, K.2    Miyauchi, S.3    Takino, R.4    Sasaki, Y.5    Pütz, B.6
  • 44
    • 0030626046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar timing systems
    • IVRY, R. Cerebellar timing systems. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 41: 555-573, 1997.
    • (1997) Int. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 555-573
    • Ivry, R.1
  • 46
    • 0030898745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error
    • JUEPTNER, M., FRITH, C. D., BROOKS, D. J., FRACKOWIAK, R.S.J., AND PASSINGHAM, R. E. Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1325-1337, 1997a.
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.77 , pp. 1325-1337
    • Jueptner, M.1    Frith, C.D.2    Brooks, D.J.3    Frackowiak, R.S.J.4    Passingham, R.E.5
  • 48
    • 0029122510 scopus 로고
    • Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning
    • KARNI, A., MEYER, G., JEZZARD, P., ADAMS, M. M., TURNER, R., AND UNGERLEIDER, L. G. Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning. Nature 377: 155-158, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 155-158
    • Karni, A.1    Meyer, G.2    Jezzard, P.3    Adams, M.M.4    Turner, R.5    Ungerleider, L.G.6
  • 49
    • 0028298913 scopus 로고
    • Fields in human motor areas involved in preparation for reaching, actual reaching, and visuomotor learning: A positron emission tomography study
    • KAWASHIMA, R., ROLAND, P. E., AND O'SULLIVAN, T. O. Fields in human motor areas involved in preparation for reaching, actual reaching, and visuomotor learning: a positron emission tomography study. J. Neurosci. 14: 3462-3474, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 3462-3474
    • Kawashima, R.1    Roland, P.E.2    O'Sullivan, T.O.3
  • 50
    • 0001216428 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral analysis of movement
    • Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., sect. 1
    • KEELE, S. W. Behavioral analysis of movement. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1981, sect. 1, vol. II, p. 1391-1414.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control , vol.2 , pp. 1391-1414
    • Keele, S.W.1
  • 51
    • 0025552850 scopus 로고
    • Does the cerebellum provide a common computation for diverse tasks? A timing hypothesis
    • KEELE, S. W. AND IVRY, R. Does the cerebellum provide a common computation for diverse tasks? A timing hypothesis. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 608: 179-211, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.608 , pp. 179-211
    • Keele, S.W.1    Ivry, R.2
  • 52
    • 0027183543 scopus 로고
    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging of motor cortex: Hemispheric asymmetry and handedness
    • KIM, S., ASHE, J., HENDRICH, K., ELLERMANN, J. M., MERKLE, H., UGURBIL, K., AND GEORGOPOULOS, A. P. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of motor cortex: hemispheric asymmetry and handedness. Science 261: 615-617, 1993.
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 615-617
    • Kim, S.1    Ashe, J.2    Hendrich, K.3    Ellermann, J.M.4    Merkle, H.5    Ugurbil, K.6    Georgopoulos, A.P.7
  • 53
    • 0028100297 scopus 로고
    • Activation of a cerebellar output nucleus during cognitive processing
    • KIM, S.-G., UGURBIL, K., AND STRICK, P. L. Activation of a cerebellar output nucleus during cognitive processing. Science 265: 949-951, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 949-951
    • Kim, S.-G.1    Ugurbil, K.2    Strick, P.L.3
  • 54
    • 0024610693 scopus 로고
    • Analytic three-dimensional image reconstruction using all detected events
    • KINAHAN, P. E. AND ROGERS, J. G. Analytic three-dimensional image reconstruction using all detected events. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-36: 964-968, 1989.
    • (1989) IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. , vol.NS-36 , pp. 964-968
    • Kinahan, P.E.1    Rogers, J.G.2
  • 55
    • 0002463068 scopus 로고
    • The anatomical organization of the descending pathways and their contributions to motor control especially in primates
    • edited by J. E. Desmedt. Basel: Karger
    • KUYPERS, H.G.J.M. The anatomical organization of the descending pathways and their contributions to motor control especially in primates. In: New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, edited by J. E. Desmedt. Basel: Karger, 1973, vol. 3, p. 38-68.
    • (1973) New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.3 , pp. 38-68
    • Kuypers, H.G.J.M.1
  • 56
  • 57
    • 0025650534 scopus 로고
    • The cerebellum and learning processes in animals
    • LALONDE, R. AND BOTEZ, M. I. The cerebellum and learning processes in animals. Brain Res. Rev. 15: 325-332, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.15 , pp. 325-332
    • Lalonde, R.1    Botez, M.I.2
  • 58
    • 0001787255 scopus 로고
    • A special pen for an XY-tablet
    • edited by F. J. Maarse, L.J.M. Mulder, W.P.B. Sjouw, and A. E. Akkerman. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger
    • MAARSE, F. J., JANSSEN, H.J.J., AND DEXEL, F. A special pen for an XY-tablet. In: Computers in Psychology; Methods, Instrumentation, and Psychodiagnostics, edited by F. J. Maarse, L.J.M. Mulder, W.P.B. Sjouw, and A. E. Akkerman. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1988, p. 133-139.
    • (1988) Computers in Psychology; Methods, Instrumentation, and Psychodiagnostics , pp. 133-139
    • Maarse, F.J.1    Janssen, H.J.J.2    Dexel, F.3
  • 59
    • 3643088366 scopus 로고
    • The human motor system studied with PET measurements of cerebral blood flow: Topography and motor learning
    • edited by N. A. Lassen, D. H. Ingvar, M. E. Raichle, and L. Friberg. Alfred Benzon Symposium
    • MAZZIOTTA, J. C., GRAFTON, S. T., AND WOODS, R. C. The human motor system studied with PET measurements of cerebral blood flow: topography and motor learning. In: Brain Work and Mental Activity, edited by N. A. Lassen, D. H. Ingvar, M. E. Raichle, and L. Friberg. Alfred Benzon Symposium 31: 280-290, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Work and Mental Activity , vol.31 , pp. 280-290
    • Mazziotta, J.C.1    Grafton, S.T.2    Woods, R.C.3
  • 61
    • 0029837899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of spatial mental imagery generated from verbal instructions
    • MELLET, E., TZOURIO, N., CRIVELLO, F., JOLIOT, M., DENIS, M., AND MAZOYER, B. Functional anatomy of spatial mental imagery generated from verbal instructions. J. Neurosci. 16: 6504-6512, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 6504-6512
    • Mellet, E.1    Tzourio, N.2    Crivello, F.3    Joliot, M.4    Denis, M.5    Mazoyer, B.6
  • 62
    • 0028822936 scopus 로고
    • A positron emission tomography study of visual and mental spatial exploration
    • MELLET, E., TZOURIO, N., DENIS, M., AND MAZOYER, B. A positron emission tomography study of visual and mental spatial exploration. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 7: 433-445, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Cognit. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 433-445
    • Mellet, E.1    Tzourio, N.2    Denis, M.3    Mazoyer, B.4
  • 63
    • 0028110209 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function
    • MIDDLETON, F. A. AND STRICK, P. L. Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function. Science 266: 458-461, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 458-461
    • Middleton, F.A.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 64
    • 0030924812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dentate output channels: Motor and cognitive components
    • edited by C. I. De Zeeuw, P. Strata, and J. Voogd. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • MIDDLETON, F. A. AND STRICK, P. L. Dentate output channels: motor and cognitive components. In: Progress in Brain Research. The Cerebellum from Structure to Control, edited by C. I. De Zeeuw, P. Strata, and J. Voogd. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997, vol. 114, p. 553-566.
    • (1997) Progress in Brain Research. The Cerebellum from Structure to Control , vol.114 , pp. 553-566
    • Middleton, F.A.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 65
    • 0024577053 scopus 로고
    • A highly accurate method of localizing regions of neuronal activation in the human brain with positron emission tomography
    • MINTUN, M. A., FOX, P. T., AND RAICHLE, M. E. A highly accurate method of localizing regions of neuronal activation in the human brain with positron emission tomography. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 9: 96-103, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.9 , pp. 96-103
    • Mintun, M.A.1    Fox, P.T.2    Raichle, M.E.3
  • 67
    • 0025992541 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal activity in the primate premotor, supplementary and precentral motor cortex during visually guided and internally determined sequential movements
    • MUSHIAKE, H., INASE, M., AND TANJI, J. Neuronal activity in the primate premotor, supplementary and precentral motor cortex during visually guided and internally determined sequential movements. J. Neurophysiol. 66: 705-718, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.66 , pp. 705-718
    • Mushiake, H.1    Inase, M.2    Tanji, J.3
  • 68
    • 84981771865 scopus 로고
    • Some comments on the pyramidal tract with special reference to its individual variations in man
    • NYBERG-HANSEN, R. AND RINVIK, E. Some comments on the pyramidal tract with special reference to its individual variations in man. Acta Neurol. Scand. 39: 1-30, 1963.
    • (1963) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.39 , pp. 1-30
    • Nyberg-Hansen, R.1    Rinvik, E.2
  • 69
    • 0028006304 scopus 로고
    • A PET study of somato-sensory discrimination in man: Microgeometry versus macrogeometry
    • O'SULLIVAN, B. T., ROLAND, P. E., AND KAWASHIMA, R. A PET study of somato-sensory discrimination in man: microgeometry versus macrogeometry. Eur. J. Neurosci. 6: 137-148, 1994.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 137-148
    • O'Sullivan, B.T.1    Roland, P.E.2    Kawashima, R.3
  • 70
    • 0026414940 scopus 로고
    • Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography
    • PARDO, J. V., FOX, P. T., AND RAICHLE, M. E. Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography. Nature 349: 61-64, 1991.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.349 , pp. 61-64
    • Pardo, J.V.1    Fox, P.T.2    Raichle, M.E.3
  • 71
    • 0028216953 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of cortical motor output maps during development of implicit and explicit knowledge
    • PASCUAL-LEONE, A., GRAFMAN, J., AND HALLETT, M. Modulation of cortical motor output maps during development of implicit and explicit knowledge. Science 263: 1287-1289, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 1287-1289
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Grafman, J.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 72
    • 0022399414 scopus 로고
    • Premotor cortex: Sensory cues and movement
    • PASSINGHAM, R. E. Premotor cortex: sensory cues and movement. Behav. Brain Res. 18: 175-185, 1985.
    • (1985) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.18 , pp. 175-185
    • Passingham, R.E.1
  • 73
    • 0023919634 scopus 로고
    • Premotor cortex and preparation for movement
    • PASSINGHAM, R. E. Premotor cortex and preparation for movement. Exp. Brain Res. 70: 590-596, 1988.
    • (1988) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.70 , pp. 590-596
    • Passingham, R.E.1
  • 74
    • 0028455226 scopus 로고
    • Pet studies of parietal involvement in spatial attention: Comparison of different task types
    • PETERSEN, S. E., CORBETTA, M., MIEZIN, F. M., AND SHULMAN, G. L. Pet studies of parietal involvement in spatial attention: comparison of different task types. Can. J. Exp. Psychol. 48: 319-338, 1994.
    • (1994) Can. J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.48 , pp. 319-338
    • Petersen, S.E.1    Corbetta, M.2    Miezin, F.M.3    Shulman, G.L.4
  • 75
    • 0029986952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of a pre-learned sequence of horizontal saccades in humans
    • PETIT, L., ORSSAUD, C., TZOURIO, N., CRIVELLO, F., BERTHOZ, A., AND MAZOYER, B. Functional anatomy of a pre-learned sequence of horizontal saccades in humans. J. Neurosci. 16: 3714-3726, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 3714-3726
    • Petit, L.1    Orssaud, C.2    Tzourio, N.3    Crivello, F.4    Berthoz, A.5    Mazoyer, B.6
  • 76
    • 0014313849 scopus 로고
    • On the genesis of abstract ideas
    • POSNER, M. I. AND KEELE, S. W. On the genesis of abstract ideas. J. Exp. Psychol. 77: 353-363, 1968.
    • (1968) J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.77 , pp. 353-363
    • Posner, M.I.1    Keele, S.W.2
  • 77
    • 0030176368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dipole source analysis suggests selective modulation of the supplementary motor area contribution to the readiness potential
    • PRAAMSTRA, P., STEGEMAN, D. F., HORSTINK, M. W., AND COOLS, A. R. Dipole source analysis suggests selective modulation of the supplementary motor area contribution to the readiness potential. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 98: 468-477, 1996.
    • (1996) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.98 , pp. 468-477
    • Praamstra, P.1    Stegeman, D.F.2    Horstink, M.W.3    Cools, A.R.4
  • 78
    • 0015980658 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of some handedness questionnaire items
    • RACZKOWSKI, D., KALAT, J. W., AND NEBES, R. Reliability and validity of some handedness questionnaire items. Neuropsychologia 6: 43-47, 1974.
    • (1974) Neuropsychologia , vol.6 , pp. 43-47
    • Raczkowski, D.1    Kalat, J.W.2    Nebes, R.3
  • 82
    • 0029942861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebellum: A neuronal learning machine?
    • RAYMOND, J. L., LISBERGER, S. G., AND MAUK, M. D. The cerebellum: a neuronal learning machine? Science 272: 1126-1131, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1126-1131
    • Raymond, J.L.1    Lisberger, S.G.2    Mauk, M.D.3
  • 83
    • 0020590694 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in attention and movement following the removal of postarcuate (area 6) and prearcuate (area 8) cortex in macaque monkeys
    • RIZZOLATTI, G., MATELLI, M., AND PAVESI, G. Deficits in attention and movement following the removal of postarcuate (area 6) and prearcuate (area 8) cortex in macaque monkeys. Brain 106: 655-673, 1983.
    • (1983) Brain , vol.106 , pp. 655-673
    • Rizzolatti, G.1    Matelli, M.2    Pavesi, G.3
  • 84
    • 0024384415 scopus 로고
    • Changes in regional cerebral oxidative metabolism induced by tactile learning and recognition in man
    • ROLAND, P. E., ERIKSSON, L., WIDEN, L., AND STONE-ERLANDER, S. Changes in regional cerebral oxidative metabolism induced by tactile learning and recognition in man. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1: 3-17, 1989.
    • (1989) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 3-17
    • Roland, P.E.1    Eriksson, L.2    Widen, L.3    Stone-Erlander, S.4
  • 85
    • 0018889028 scopus 로고
    • Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in man in organization of voluntary movements in man
    • ROLAND, P. E., LARSEN, B., LASSEN, N. A., AND SKINHOJ, E. Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in man in organization of voluntary movements in man. J. Neurophysiol. 43: 118-136, 1980a.
    • (1980) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.43 , pp. 118-136
    • Roland, P.E.1    Larsen, B.2    Lassen, N.A.3    Skinhoj, E.4
  • 86
    • 0345522259 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of learning and memory functions of the brain
    • edited by D. Ottoson. London: Stockton
    • ROLAND, P. E. AND SEITZ, R. J. Mapping of learning and memory functions of the brain. In: Visualization of Brain Functions, edited by D. Ottoson. London: Stockton, 1989, p. 141-151.
    • (1989) Visualization of Brain Functions , pp. 141-151
    • Roland, P.E.1    Seitz, R.J.2
  • 87
    • 0018871276 scopus 로고
    • Different cortical areas in man in organization of voluntary movements in extrapersonal space
    • ROLAND, P. E., SKINHOJ, E., LASSEN, N. A., AND LARSEN, B. Different cortical areas in man in organization of voluntary movements in extrapersonal space. J. Neurophysiol. 43: 137-150, 1980b.
    • (1980) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.43 , pp. 137-150
    • Roland, P.E.1    Skinhoj, E.2    Lassen, N.A.3    Larsen, B.4
  • 88
    • 0031467241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the supplementary motor area and the right premotor cortex in the coordination of bimanual finger movements
    • SADATO, N., YONEKURA, Y., WAKI, A., YAMADA, H., AND ISHII, Y. Role of the supplementary motor area and the right premotor cortex in the coordination of bimanual finger movements. J. Neurosci. 17: 9667-9674, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 9667-9674
    • Sadato, N.1    Yonekura, Y.2    Waki, A.3    Yamada, H.4    Ishii, Y.5
  • 89
    • 0032031593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition of brain activations from frontal to parietal areas in visuomotor sequence learning
    • SAKAI, K., HIKOSAKA, O., MIYAUCHI, S., TAKINO, R., SASAKI, Y., AND PÜTZ, B. Transition of brain activations from frontal to parietal areas in visuomotor sequence learning. J. Neurosci. 18: 1827-1840, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 1827-1840
    • Sakai, K.1    Hikosaka, O.2    Miyauchi, S.3    Takino, R.4    Sasaki, Y.5    Pütz, B.6
  • 90
    • 0025117545 scopus 로고
    • Motor learning in patients with cerebellar dysfunction
    • SANES, J. N., DIMITROV, B., AND HALLETT, M. Motor learning in patients with cerebellar dysfunction. Brain 113: 103-120, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , pp. 103-120
    • Sanes, J.N.1    Dimitrov, B.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 92
    • 0030480330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing
    • SCHMAHMANN, J. D. From movement to thought: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing. Hum. Brain Map. 4: 174-198, 1996.
    • (1996) Hum. Brain Map. , vol.4 , pp. 174-198
    • Schmahmann, J.D.1
  • 95
    • 84907421528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representations of graphomotor trajectories in the human parietal cortex: Evidence for controlled processing and automatic performance
    • SEITZ, R. J., CANAVAN, A.G.M., YAGÜEZ, L., HERZOG, H., TELLMANN, L., KNORR, U., HUANG, Y., AND HOMBERG, V. Representations of graphomotor trajectories in the human parietal cortex: evidence for controlled processing and automatic performance. Eur. J. Neurosci. 9: 378-389, 1997.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 378-389
    • Seitz, R.J.1    Canavan, A.G.M.2    Yagüez, L.3    Herzog, H.4    Tellmann, L.5    Knorr, U.6    Huang, Y.7    Homberg, V.8
  • 96
    • 0026716513 scopus 로고
    • Vibratory stimulation increases and decreases the regional cerebral blood flow and oxydative metabolism: A positron emission tomography (PET) study
    • SEITZ, R. J. AND ROLAND, P. E. Vibratory stimulation increases and decreases the regional cerebral blood flow and oxydative metabolism: a positron emission tomography (PET) study. Acta Neurol. Scand. 86: 60-67, 1992.
    • (1992) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.86 , pp. 60-67
    • Seitz, R.J.1    Roland, P.E.2
  • 98
    • 0026695410 scopus 로고
    • Distributed neural network underlying musical sight-reading and keyboard performance
    • SERGENT, J., ZUCK, E., TERRIAH, S., AND MACDONALD, B. Distributed neural network underlying musical sight-reading and keyboard performance. Science 257: 106-109, 1992.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 106-109
    • Sergent, J.1    Zuck, E.2    Terriah, S.3    Macdonald, B.4
  • 99
    • 0030946583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential representation of instructed target location versus limb trajectory in dorsal premotor area
    • SHEN, L. AND ALEXANDER, G. E. Preferential representation of instructed target location versus limb trajectory in dorsal premotor area. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1195-1212, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.77 , pp. 1195-1212
    • Shen, L.1    Alexander, G.E.2
  • 101
    • 0027361623 scopus 로고
    • Thalamocortical organization in the cerebello-thaiamo-cortical system
    • SHINODA, Y., KAKEI, S., FUTAMI, T., AND WANNIER, T. Thalamocortical organization in the cerebello-thaiamo-cortical system. Cereb. Cortex 3: 421-429, 1993.
    • (1993) Cereb. Cortex , vol.3 , pp. 421-429
    • Shinoda, Y.1    Kakei, S.2    Futami, T.3    Wannier, T.4
  • 106
    • 0023726188 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal activity in cortical motor areas related to ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral digit movements of the monkey
    • TANJI, J., OKANA, K., AND SATA, K. C. Neuronal activity in cortical motor areas related to ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral digit movements of the monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 60: 325-343, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.60 , pp. 325-343
    • Tanji, J.1    Okana, K.2    Sata, K.C.3
  • 107
    • 0027930714 scopus 로고
    • Role for supplementary motor area cells in planning several movements ahead
    • TANJI, J. AND SHIMA, K. Role for supplementary motor area cells in planning several movements ahead. Nature 371: 413-416, 1994.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 413-416
    • Tanji, J.1    Shima, K.2
  • 108
    • 0030625881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-response linkage
    • THACH, W. T. Context-response linkage. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 41: 599-611, 1997.
    • (1997) Int. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 599-611
    • Thach, W.T.1
  • 109
    • 0028985114 scopus 로고
    • The functions of the medial premotor cortex. I. Simple learned movements
    • THALER, D., CHEN, Y.-C., NIXON, P. D., STERN, C. E., AND PASSINGHAM, R. E. The functions of the medial premotor cortex. I. Simple learned movements. Exp. Brain Res. 102: 445-460, 1995.
    • (1995) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.102 , pp. 445-460
    • Thaler, D.1    Chen, Y.-C.2    Nixon, P.D.3    Stern, C.E.4    Passingham, R.E.5
  • 110
    • 0027711228 scopus 로고
    • The effects of motor complexity and practice on initiation time in writing and drawing
    • VAN MIER, H. AND HULSTIJN, W. The effects of motor complexity and practice on initiation time in writing and drawing. Acta Psychol. 84: 231-251, 1993.
    • (1993) Acta Psychol. , vol.84 , pp. 231-251
    • Van Mier, H.1    Hulstijn, W.2
  • 111
    • 0027563441 scopus 로고
    • Changes in motor planning during the acquisition of movement patterns in a continuous task
    • VAN MIER, H., HULSTIJN, W., AND PETERSEN, S. E. Changes in motor planning during the acquisition of movement patterns in a continuous task. Acta Psychol. 82: 291-312, 1993.
    • (1993) Acta Psychol. , vol.82 , pp. 291-312
    • Van Mier, H.1    Hulstijn, W.2    Petersen, S.E.3
  • 112
    • 0000464889 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of decussation of bulbar pyramids and distribution of pyramidal tracts on two sides of the spinal cord
    • YAKOVLEV, P. I. AND RAKIC, P. Patterns of decussation of bulbar pyramids and distribution of pyramidal tracts on two sides of the spinal cord. Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc. 91: 366-367, 1966.
    • (1966) Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc. , vol.91 , pp. 366-367
    • Yakovlev, P.I.1    Rakic, P.2
  • 113
    • 0030900298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor task difficulty and brain activity: Investigation of goal-directed reciprocal aiming using positron emission tomography
    • WINSTEIN, C. J., GRAFTON, S. T., AND POHL, P. S. Motor task difficulty and brain activity: investigation of goal-directed reciprocal aiming using positron emission tomography. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1581-1594, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.77 , pp. 1581-1594
    • Winstein, C.J.1    Grafton, S.T.2    Pohl, P.S.3
  • 114
    • 0021894316 scopus 로고
    • The primate premotor cortex: Past, present, and preparatory
    • WISE, S. P. The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 8: 1-19, 1985.
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 1-19
    • Wise, S.P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.