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The VOR is measured as the eye movement response to a head turn in darkness to study the eye movements driven by vestibular stimulation in isolation from visually driven eye movements, which may contribute to the responses measured during head turns in the light.
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Learned timing is expressed somewhat differently in the conditioned eyelid response and the VOR. When the tone CS and air-puff US are paired with a long interval, the learned eyelid response has no early component, whereas when the vestibular and image motion stimuli are paired with a long interval, the learned VOR response has both early and late components. When the tone CS and air-puff US are paired with a short interval, the learned eyelid response has no late component, whereas when the vestibular and image motion stimuli are paired with a short interval, the learned VOR response has both early and late components. These apparent differences may not reflect fundamental differences in the principles of operation of the two systems Rather, they may reflect a difference in the resting discharge of neurons in the two circuits and the consequent difference in the threshold for the CS and the vestibular stimulus to elicit a behavioral response, or they may reflect small differences in the training protocols that have been used to induce learning in the two systems (for example, for pairing at a short interval, the vestibular stimulus continues after the end of the image motion stimulus, but the tone CS does not continue after the air-puff US).
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We thank the members of the Lisberger and Mauk laboratories and D. Buonomano for helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. Supported by NIH grants EY03878 (S.G.L.), EY10198 (S.G.L.), and MH46904 (M.D.M.); Office of Naval Research contract N00014-94-1-0269 (S.G.L.); a NASA Research Associate Fellowship (J.L.R.); two McKnight Scholars Awards (M.D.M., S.G.L.); and a McKnight Development Award (S.G.L.).
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