메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-18

Monograph Series on Aging-related Diseases: X. Prostate Cancer

Author keywords

Canada; Diagnosis; Morbidity; Mortality; Prostatic neoplasms; Risk factors; Screening; Treatment

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGING; CANADA; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; PROSTATE TUMOR; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0031627139     PISSN: 02288699     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (239)
  • 1
    • 84889218587 scopus 로고
    • Monograph series on aging-related diseases: IV. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (or hypertrophy)
    • Seidman-Ripley J, Huang J. Monograph series on aging-related diseases: IV. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (or hypertrophy). Chronic Dis Can 1993;14(4):131-7.
    • (1993) Chronic Dis Can , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 131-137
    • Seidman-Ripley, J.1    Huang, J.2
  • 4
    • 0022536425 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of benign prostatic hypertrophy
    • Watanabe H. Natural history of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Ultrasound Med Biol 1986;12:567-71.
    • (1986) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.12 , pp. 567-571
    • Watanabe, H.1
  • 5
    • 0003053898 scopus 로고
    • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
    • Harrison JH, editor. Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • Walsh PC. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: Harrison JH, editor. Campbell's urology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1986:1248-65.
    • (1986) Campbell's Urology. 5th Ed. , pp. 1248-1265
    • Walsh, P.C.1
  • 7
    • 0020039694 scopus 로고
    • Adenosis of the prostate: A dysplastic lesion that can be confused with prostate adenocarcinoma
    • Brawn PN. Adenosis of the prostate: a dysplastic lesion that can be confused with prostate adenocarcinoma. Cancer 1982;49:826-33.
    • (1982) Cancer , vol.49 , pp. 826-833
    • Brawn, P.N.1
  • 8
    • 0023746567 scopus 로고
    • Premalignant lesions of the prostate
    • Bostwick DG. Premalignant lesions of the prostate. Semin Diagn Pathol 1988;5:240-53.
    • (1988) Semin Diagn Pathol , vol.5 , pp. 240-253
    • Bostwick, D.G.1
  • 9
    • 0342276104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer: Critical issues
    • Haggman MJ, Macoska JA, Wojno KJ, Oesterling JE. The relationship between prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer: critical issues. J Urol 1997;158:12-22.
    • (1997) J Urol , vol.158 , pp. 12-22
    • Haggman, M.J.1    Macoska, J.A.2    Wojno, K.J.3    Oesterling, J.E.4
  • 10
    • 0028018518 scopus 로고
    • Adenosis of the prostate: Histologic features in transurethral resection specimens
    • Gaudin PB, Epstein JI. Adenosis of the prostate: histologic features in transurethral resection specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 1994;18:863-70.
    • (1994) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.18 , pp. 863-870
    • Gaudin, P.B.1    Epstein, J.I.2
  • 11
    • 0028926596 scopus 로고
    • High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. The most likely precursor of prostate cancer
    • Bostwick DG. High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. the most likely precursor of prostate cancer. Cancer 1995;75:1823-36.
    • (1995) Cancer , vol.75 , pp. 1823-1836
    • Bostwick, D.G.1
  • 12
    • 0025940519 scopus 로고
    • Significance of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on prostate needle biopsy
    • Brawer MK, Bigler SA, Sohlberg OE, Nagle RB, Lange PH. Significance of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on prostate needle biopsy. Urology 1991;38:103-7.
    • (1991) Urology , vol.38 , pp. 103-107
    • Brawer, M.K.1    Bigler, S.A.2    Sohlberg, O.E.3    Nagle, R.B.4    Lange, P.H.5
  • 13
    • 0027311244 scopus 로고
    • Significance of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia on needle biopsy
    • Weinstein MH, Epstein JI. Significance of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia on needle biopsy. Hum Pathol 1993;24:624-9.
    • (1993) Hum Pathol , vol.24 , pp. 624-629
    • Weinstein, M.H.1    Epstein, J.I.2
  • 14
    • 0029045030 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis and clinical followup of isolated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in needle biopsy of the prostate
    • Keetch DW, Humphrey P, Stahl D, Smith DS, Catalona WJ. Morphometric analysis and clinical followup of isolated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in needle biopsy of the prostate. J Urol 1995;154:347-51.
    • (1995) J Urol , vol.154 , pp. 347-351
    • Keetch, D.W.1    Humphrey, P.2    Stahl, D.3    Smith, D.S.4    Catalona, W.J.5
  • 15
    • 0029164685 scopus 로고
    • Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma: Predictive accuracy in needle biopsies
    • Davidson D, Bostwick DG, Qian J, et al. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma: predictive accuracy in needle biopsies. J Urol 1995;154:1295-9.
    • (1995) J Urol , vol.154 , pp. 1295-1299
    • Davidson, D.1    Bostwick, D.G.2    Qian, J.3
  • 16
    • 0029815143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
    • Berner A, Skjorten FJ, Fossa SD. Follow-up of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Eur Urol 1996;30:256-60.
    • (1996) Eur Urol , vol.30 , pp. 256-260
    • Berner, A.1    Skjorten, F.J.2    Fossa, S.D.3
  • 17
    • 0023852668 scopus 로고
    • Large acinar atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate
    • Kovi J, Mostofi FK, Heshmat MY, Enterline JP. Large acinar atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer 1988;61:555-61.
    • (1988) Cancer , vol.61 , pp. 555-561
    • Kovi, J.1    Mostofi, F.K.2    Heshmat, M.Y.3    Enterline, J.P.4
  • 18
    • 0027244510 scopus 로고
    • The frequency of carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the prostate in young male patients
    • Sakr WA, Haas GP, Cassin BJ, Pontes JE, Crissman JD. The frequency of carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the prostate in young male patients. J Urol 1993;150:379-85.
    • (1993) J Urol , vol.150 , pp. 379-385
    • Sakr, W.A.1    Haas, G.P.2    Cassin, B.J.3    Pontes, J.E.4    Crissman, J.D.5
  • 19
    • 0027937517 scopus 로고
    • High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma between the ages of 20-69: An autopsy study of 249 cases
    • Sakr WA, Grignon DJ, Crissman JD, et al. High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma between the ages of 20-69: an autopsy study of 249 cases. In Vivo 1994;8:439-43.
    • (1994) In Vivo , vol.8 , pp. 439-443
    • Sakr, W.A.1    Grignon, D.J.2    Crissman, J.D.3
  • 20
    • 0346388378 scopus 로고
    • Toronto: Canadian Urologic Oncology Group, Grosvenor House Press
    • Klotz LH. Managing prostate cancer. Toronto: Canadian Urologic Oncology Group, Grosvenor House Press, 1992.
    • (1992) Managing Prostate Cancer
    • Klotz, L.H.1
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0016466084 scopus 로고
    • The present status of radical prostatectomy for stages A and B prostatic cancer
    • Jewett HJ. The present status of radical prostatectomy for stages A and B prostatic cancer. Urol Clin North Am 1975;1:105-24.
    • (1975) Urol Clin North Am , vol.1 , pp. 105-124
    • Jewett, H.J.1
  • 26
    • 84889177214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDQ United States National Cancer Institute Information Associate Program, 1997. [For further information contact PDQ, 9030 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-1519; Tel: 301-496-7600.]
    • PDQ United States National Cancer Institute Information Associate Program, 1997. [For further information contact PDQ, 9030 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-1519; Tel: 301-496-7600.]
  • 27
    • 0025974356 scopus 로고
    • Carcinoma of the prostate
    • Gittes RF. Carcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med 1991;324:236-45.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 236-245
    • Gittes, R.F.1
  • 28
    • 0025185669 scopus 로고
    • Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1-2NOMO prostatic adenocarcinoma; long term results
    • Paulson DF, Maul JW, Walther PJ. Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1-2NOMO prostatic adenocarcinoma; long term results. J Urol 1990;144:1180-4.
    • (1990) J Urol , vol.144 , pp. 1180-1184
    • Paulson, D.F.1    Maul, J.W.2    Walther, P.J.3
  • 29
    • 0028158141 scopus 로고
    • Results of conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer
    • Chodak CW, Thisted RA, Gerber GS, et al. Results of conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 1994;330:242-8.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 242-248
    • Chodak, C.W.1    Thisted, R.A.2    Gerber, G.S.3
  • 31
    • 0015950349 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of prognosis for adenocarcinoma by combined histological grading and clinical staging
    • Gleason DF, Mellinger GT. Prediction of prognosis for adenocarcinoma by combined histological grading and clinical staging. J Urol 1974;111:58-64.
    • (1974) J Urol , vol.111 , pp. 58-64
    • Gleason, D.F.1    Mellinger, G.T.2
  • 32
    • 0001916430 scopus 로고
    • Histologic grading and clinical staging of prostatic carcinoma
    • Tannenbaum M, editor. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger
    • Gleason DF. Histologic grading and clinical staging of prostatic carcinoma. In: Tannenbaum M, editor. Urologic pathology: the prostate. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1977:171-97.
    • (1977) Urologic Pathology: The Prostate , pp. 171-197
    • Gleason, D.F.1
  • 33
    • 85061023094 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of prostate cancer: B. Imaging technique, radiotherapy, and management issues
    • Horash KA. Natural history of prostate cancer: B. Imaging technique, radiotherapy, and management issues. Prog Clin Biol Res 1987;243B:289-320.
    • (1987) Prog Clin Biol Res , vol.243 B , pp. 289-320
    • Horash, K.A.1
  • 34
    • 0025331153 scopus 로고
    • Detection of clinically occult prostate cancer
    • Morse RM, Resnick MI. Detection of clinically occult prostate cancer. Urol Clin North Am 1990;17:567-74.
    • (1990) Urol Clin North Am , vol.17 , pp. 567-574
    • Morse, R.M.1    Resnick, M.I.2
  • 35
    • 0024375114 scopus 로고
    • Extended follow-up of stage Al carcinoma of prostate
    • Thompson IM, Zeidman EJ. Extended follow-up of stage Al carcinoma of prostate. Urology 1989;33:455-8.
    • (1989) Urology , vol.33 , pp. 455-458
    • Thompson, I.M.1    Zeidman, E.J.2
  • 36
    • 0025105607 scopus 로고
    • Incidental carcinoma of prostate: Long-term follow-up
    • Roy CR II, Home D, Raife M, Pienkos E. Incidental carcinoma of prostate: long-term follow-up. Urology 1990;36:210-3.
    • (1990) Urology , vol.36 , pp. 210-213
    • Roy II, C.R.1    Home, D.2    Raife, M.3    Pienkos, E.4
  • 37
    • 0024415865 scopus 로고
    • Early detection of prostate cancer
    • Scardino PT. Early detection of prostate cancer. Urol Clin North Am 1989;16:635-55.
    • (1989) Urol Clin North Am , vol.16 , pp. 635-655
    • Scardino, P.T.1
  • 38
    • 0017720307 scopus 로고
    • Latent carcinoma of prostate at autopsy in seven areas
    • Breslow N, Chan CW, Dhom G, et al. Latent carcinoma of prostate at autopsy in seven areas. Int J Cancer 1977;20:680-8.
    • (1977) Int J Cancer , vol.20 , pp. 680-688
    • Breslow, N.1    Chan, C.W.2    Dhom, G.3
  • 40
    • 0003644888 scopus 로고
    • Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Scientific Pub No 88
    • Muir C, Waterhouse J, Mack T, et al, editors. Cancer incidence in five continents, Vol V. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987; IARC Scientific Pub No 88.
    • (1987) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents , vol.5
    • Muir, C.1    Waterhouse, J.2    Mack, T.3
  • 41
    • 0003964361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society
    • American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures - 1997. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society, 1997.
    • (1997) Cancer Facts and Figures - 1997
  • 42
    • 0003509335 scopus 로고
    • Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Scientific Pub No 120
    • Parkin DM, Muir CS, Whelan SL, et al, editors. Cancer incidence in five continents, Vol VI. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1992; IARC Scientific Pub No 120.
    • (1992) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents , vol.6
    • Parkin, D.M.1    Muir, C.S.2    Whelan, S.L.3
  • 43
    • 0029853961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of prostate cancer
    • Dijkman GA, Debruyne FMJ. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 1996;30:281-95.
    • (1996) Eur Urol , vol.30 , pp. 281-295
    • Dijkman, G.A.1    Debruyne, F.M.J.2
  • 44
  • 46
    • 0028535749 scopus 로고
    • Prostate cancer: The epidemiologic perspective
    • Levy I. Prostate cancer: the epidemiologic perspective. Can J Oncol 1994;(4 Suppl 1):4-7.
    • (1994) Can J Oncol , Issue.4 SUPPL. 1 , pp. 4-7
    • Levy, I.1
  • 47
    • 0004268759 scopus 로고
    • Ottawa, Cat 82-218
    • Statistics Canada. Cancer in Canada 1991. Ottawa, 1995; Cat 82-218.
    • (1995) Cancer in Canada 1991
  • 48
    • 0027432457 scopus 로고
    • Prostate cancer trends in Canada: Rising incidence or increased detection?
    • Levy I, Gibbons L, Collins JP, Perkins DG, Mao Y. Prostate cancer trends in Canada: rising incidence or increased detection? Can Med Assoc J 1993;149:617-24.
    • (1993) Can Med Assoc J , vol.149 , pp. 617-624
    • Levy, I.1    Gibbons, L.2    Collins, J.P.3    Perkins, D.G.4    Mao, Y.5
  • 49
    • 0030226026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
    • Newman J. Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Radiol Technol 1996;68:39-64.
    • (1996) Radiol Technol , vol.68 , pp. 39-64
    • Newman, J.1
  • 50
    • 0016815923 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of cancer of the prostate
    • Higgins ITT. The epidemiology of cancer of the prostate. J Chronic Dis 1975;28:343-8.
    • (1975) J Chronic Dis , vol.28 , pp. 343-348
    • Higgins, I.T.T.1
  • 51
    • 0003149282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostate cancer
    • Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr, editors. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Ross RK, Schottenfeld D. Prostate cancer. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr, editors. Cancer epidemiology and prevention. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996:1180-206.
    • (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 2nd Ed. , pp. 1180-1206
    • Ross, R.K.1    Schottenfeld, D.2
  • 53
    • 0012868029 scopus 로고
    • Screening for prostate cancer
    • Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination Ottawa: Health Canada, Cat H21-117/1994E
    • Feightner JW. Screening for prostate cancer. In: Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. The Canadian guide to clinical preventive health care. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1994:812-23; Cat H21-117/1994E.
    • (1994) The Canadian Guide to Clinical Preventive Health Care , pp. 812-823
    • Feightner, J.W.1
  • 54
    • 0023073436 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of prostatic cancer
    • Hanash KA. Natural history of prostatic cancer. Prog Clin Biol Res 1987;243B:289-320.
    • (1987) Prog Clin Biol Res , vol.243 B , pp. 289-320
    • Hanash, K.A.1
  • 55
    • 0023191075 scopus 로고
    • Cancer of the prostate: Epidemiology and aetiology
    • Zaridze DG, Boyle P. Cancer of the prostate: epidemiology and aetiology. Br J Urol 1987;59:493-502.
    • (1987) Br J Urol , vol.59 , pp. 493-502
    • Zaridze, D.G.1    Boyle, P.2
  • 56
    • 78651053187 scopus 로고
    • Latent carcinoma of the prostate
    • Franks LM. Latent carcinoma of the prostate. J Pathol Bacteriol 1954;68:603-16.
    • (1954) J Pathol Bacteriol , vol.68 , pp. 603-616
    • Franks, L.M.1
  • 57
    • 0021051377 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic aspects of latent and clinically manifest carcinoma of the prostate
    • Dhom G. Epidemiologic aspects of latent and clinically manifest carcinoma of the prostate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1983;106:210-18.
    • (1983) J Cancer Res Clin Oncol , vol.106 , pp. 210-218
    • Dhom, G.1
  • 59
    • 70450190156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toronto: NCIC
    • National Cancer Institute of Canada. Canadian cancer statistics 1995. Toronto: NCIC, 1995:64.
    • (1995) Canadian Cancer Statistics 1995 , pp. 64
  • 63
    • 0028972474 scopus 로고
    • Family history and prostate cancer risk in black, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada
    • Whittemore AS, Wu AH, Kolonel LN, et al. Family history and prostate cancer risk in black, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:732-40.
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.141 , pp. 732-740
    • Whittemore, A.S.1    Wu, A.H.2    Kolonel, L.N.3
  • 65
    • 0025945303 scopus 로고
    • Family aggregation of cancer of the prostate in Quebec: The tip of the iceberg
    • Ghadirian P, Cadotte M, Lacroix A, Perret C. Family aggregation of cancer of the prostate in Quebec: the tip of the iceberg. Prostate 1991;19:43-52.
    • (1991) Prostate , vol.19 , pp. 43-52
    • Ghadirian, P.1    Cadotte, M.2    Lacroix, A.3    Perret, C.4
  • 66
  • 67
    • 0028861953 scopus 로고
    • Hereditary aspects of prostate cancer
    • McLellan DL, Norman RW. Hereditary aspects of prostate cancer. Can Med Assoc J 1995;153:895-900.
    • (1995) Can Med Assoc J , vol.153 , pp. 895-900
    • McLellan, D.L.1    Norman, R.W.2
  • 69
    • 0027243888 scopus 로고
    • 3 receptors and actions in human prostate cancer cell lines
    • 3 receptors and actions in human prostate cancer cell lines. Endocrinol 1993;132:1952-60.
    • (1993) Endocrinol , vol.132 , pp. 1952-1960
    • Skowronski, R.J.1    Peehl, D.M.2    Feldman, D.3
  • 71
    • 0028123364 scopus 로고
    • Cancer mortality in Chinese immigrants to New York City. Comparison with Chinese in Tianjin and with United States-born Whites
    • Stellman SD, Wang QS. Cancer mortality in Chinese immigrants to New York City. Comparison with Chinese in Tianjin and with United States-born Whites. Cancer 1994;73:1270-5.
    • (1994) Cancer , vol.73 , pp. 1270-1275
    • Stellman, S.D.1    Wang, Q.S.2
  • 72
    • 0026376792 scopus 로고
    • Prostate cancer: A current perspective
    • Nomura AMY, Kolonel LN. Prostate cancer: a current perspective. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:200-27.
    • (1991) Epidemiol Rev , vol.13 , pp. 200-227
    • Nomura, A.M.Y.1    Kolonel, L.N.2
  • 73
    • 0025295623 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic evidence regarding predisposing factors to prostate cancer
    • Carter BS, Carter HB, Isaacs JT. Epidemiologic evidence regarding predisposing factors to prostate cancer. Prostate 1990;16:187-97.
    • (1990) Prostate , vol.16 , pp. 187-197
    • Carter, B.S.1    Carter, H.B.2    Isaacs, J.T.3
  • 74
    • 0027312365 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for prostate cancer
    • Pienta KJ, Esper PS. Risk factors for prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:793-803.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 793-803
    • Pienta, K.J.1    Esper, P.S.2
  • 77
    • 0023894263 scopus 로고
    • Prediagnostic serum hormones and the risk of prostate cancer
    • Nomura A, Heilbrun LK, Stemmermann GN, et al. Prediagnostic serum hormones and the risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 1988;48:3515-7.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 3515-3517
    • Nomura, A.1    Heilbrun, L.K.2    Stemmermann, G.N.3
  • 78
    • 0025166352 scopus 로고
    • A prospective, population-based study of androstenedione, estrogens and prostatic cancer
    • Barrett-Conner E, Garland C, McPhillips JB, et al. A prospective, population-based study of androstenedione, estrogens and prostatic cancer. Cancer Res 1990;50:169-73.
    • (1990) Cancer Res , vol.50 , pp. 169-173
    • Barrett-Conner, E.1    Garland, C.2    McPhillips, J.B.3
  • 79
    • 0027354043 scopus 로고
    • Serological precursors of cancer: Serum hormones and risk of subsequent prostate cancer
    • Hsing AW, Comstock GW. Serological precursors of cancer: serum hormones and risk of subsequent prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1993;2:27-32.
    • (1993) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.2 , pp. 27-32
    • Hsing, A.W.1    Comstock, G.W.2
  • 81
    • 0026553251 scopus 로고
    • 5-alpha-reductase activity and risk of prostate cancer among Japanese and US white and black males
    • Ross RK, Bernstein L, Lobo RA, et al. 5-alpha-reductase activity and risk of prostate cancer among Japanese and US white and black males. Lancet 1992;339:887-9.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 887-889
    • Ross, R.K.1    Bernstein, L.2    Lobo, R.A.3
  • 82
    • 0023145216 scopus 로고
    • Production, clearance, and metabolism of testosterone in men with prostatic cancer
    • Meikle AW, Smith JA, Stringham JD. Production, clearance, and metabolism of testosterone in men with prostatic cancer. Prostate 1987;10:25-31.
    • (1987) Prostate , vol.10 , pp. 25-31
    • Meikle, A.W.1    Smith, J.A.2    Stringham, J.D.3
  • 84
    • 0014238073 scopus 로고
    • Studies of Japanese migrants. I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States
    • Haenszel W, Kurihara M. Studies of Japanese migrants. I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1968;40:43-68.
    • (1968) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.40 , pp. 43-68
    • Haenszel, W.1    Kurihara, M.2
  • 85
    • 0019209687 scopus 로고
    • Cancer mortality risk among Japanese in the United States
    • Locke FB, King H. Cancer mortality risk among Japanese in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980;65:1149-56.
    • (1980) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.65 , pp. 1149-1156
    • Locke, F.B.1    King, H.2
  • 86
    • 0025758395 scopus 로고
    • Comparative epidemiology of cancers of the colon, rectum, prostate and breast in Shanghai, China versus the United States
    • Yu H, Harris RE, Gao YT, Gao R, Wynder EL. Comparative epidemiology of cancers of the colon, rectum, prostate and breast in Shanghai, China versus the United States. Int J Epidemiol 1991;20:76-81.
    • (1991) Int J Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 76-81
    • Yu, H.1    Harris, R.E.2    Gao, Y.T.3    Gao, R.4    Wynder, E.L.5
  • 87
    • 0026198222 scopus 로고
    • Cancer among farmers
    • Blair A, Zahm SH. Cancer among farmers. Occup Med 1991;6:335-54.
    • (1991) Occup Med , vol.6 , pp. 335-354
    • Blair, A.1    Zahm, S.H.2
  • 88
  • 89
    • 0004192566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington (DC): National Academy Press
    • Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Institute of Medicine). Veterans and agent orange: update 1996. Washington (DC): National Academy Press, 1996.
    • (1996) Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996
  • 90
    • 84889223005 scopus 로고
    • Lyon: IARC, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks of Chemicals to Humans
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer. The rubber industry. Lyon: IARC, 1982; IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks of Chemicals to Humans, Vol 28.
    • (1982) The Rubber Industry , vol.28
  • 91
    • 0019729102 scopus 로고
    • Role of cadmium in carcinogenesis with special reference to cancer of the prostate
    • Piscator M. Role of cadmium in carcinogenesis with special reference to cancer of the prostate. Environ Health Perspect 1981;40:107-20.
    • (1981) Environ Health Perspect , vol.40 , pp. 107-120
    • Piscator, M.1
  • 92
    • 0003304228 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of zinc within the human prostate
    • Kerr WK, Keresteci AG, Mayoh H. The distribution of zinc within the human prostate. Cancer 1960;13:550-4.
    • (1960) Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 550-554
    • Kerr, W.K.1    Keresteci, A.G.2    Mayoh, H.3
  • 94
    • 0026590431 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and risk of prostatic cancer among college alumni
    • Lee IM, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hsieh CC. Physical activity and risk of prostatic cancer among college alumni. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:169-79.
    • (1992) Am J Epidemiol , vol.135 , pp. 169-179
    • Lee, I.M.1    Paffenbarger Jr., R.S.2    Hsieh, C.C.3
  • 95
    • 0028328252 scopus 로고
    • Occupation, physical activity, and risk of prostate cancer in Shanghai, People's Republic of China
    • Hsing AW, McLaughlin JK, Zheng W, Gao YT, Blot WJ. Occupation, physical activity, and risk of prostate cancer in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:136-40.
    • (1994) Cancer Causes Control , vol.5 , pp. 136-140
    • Hsing, A.W.1    McLaughlin, J.K.2    Zheng, W.3    Gao, Y.T.4    Blot, W.J.5
  • 96
    • 0024376049 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and risk of cancer in the NHANES I population
    • Albanes D, Blair A, Taylor PR. Physical activity and risk of cancer in the NHANES I population. Am J Public Health 1989;79:744-50.
    • (1989) Am J Public Health , vol.79 , pp. 744-750
    • Albanes, D.1    Blair, A.2    Taylor, P.R.3
  • 97
    • 0027972894 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and the risk of prostate and testicular cancer: A cohort study of 53,000 Norwegian men
    • Thune I, Lund E. Physical activity and the risk of prostate and testicular cancer: a cohort study of 53,000 Norwegian men. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:549-56.
    • (1994) Cancer Causes Control , vol.5 , pp. 549-556
    • Thune, I.1    Lund, E.2
  • 99
    • 0017064936 scopus 로고
    • College athletics, body size, and cancer mortality
    • Polednak AP. College athletics, body size, and cancer mortality. Cancer 1976;38:382-7.
    • (1976) Cancer , vol.38 , pp. 382-387
    • Polednak, A.P.1
  • 100
    • 0023211201 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and incidence of cancer in diverse populations: A preliminary report
    • Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL. Physical activity and incidence of cancer in diverse populations: a preliminary report. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;45:312-7.
    • (1987) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.45 , pp. 312-317
    • Paffenbarger Jr., R.S.1    Hyde, R.T.2    Wing, A.L.3
  • 101
    • 0028952799 scopus 로고
    • Prostate cancer in relation to diet, physical activity, and body size in blacks, whites, and Asians in the United States and Canada
    • Whittemore AS, Kolonel LN, Wu AH, et al. Prostate cancer in relation to diet, physical activity, and body size in blacks, whites, and Asians in the United States and Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:652-61.
    • (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.87 , pp. 652-661
    • Whittemore, A.S.1    Kolonel, L.N.2    Wu, A.H.3
  • 102
    • 0024514225 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of demographics, diet, and prostate cancer among men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii
    • Severson RK, Nomura AMY, Grove JS, Stemmermann GN. A prospective study of demographics, diet, and prostate cancer among men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. Cancer Res 1989;49:1857-60.
    • (1989) Cancer Res , vol.49 , pp. 1857-1860
    • Severson, R.K.1    Nomura, A.M.Y.2    Grove, J.S.3    Stemmermann, G.N.4
  • 103
    • 0027244451 scopus 로고
    • Occupational physical activity, socioeconomic status, and risks of 15 cancer sites in Turkey
    • Dosemeci M, Hayes RB, Vetter R, et al. Occupational physical activity, socioeconomic status, and risks of 15 cancer sites in Turkey. Cancer Causes Control 1993;4:313-21.
    • (1993) Cancer Causes Control , vol.4 , pp. 313-321
    • Dosemeci, M.1    Hayes, R.B.2    Vetter, R.3
  • 106
    • 0025972072 scopus 로고
    • Lifetime occupational physical activity and prostate cancer risk
    • Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Yoshizawa CN. Lifetime occupational physical activity and prostate cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:103-11.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.133 , pp. 103-111
    • Le Marchand, L.1    Kolonel, L.N.2    Yoshizawa, C.N.3
  • 107
    • 0022548213 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition, social factors and prostatic cancer in a northern Italian population
    • Talamini R, La Vecchia C, Decarli A, Negri E, Franceschi S. Nutrition, social factors and prostatic cancer in a northern Italian population. Br J Cancer 1986;53:817-21.
    • (1986) Br J Cancer , vol.53 , pp. 817-821
    • Talamini, R.1    La Vecchia, C.2    Decarli, A.3    Negri, E.4    Franceschi, S.5
  • 109
    • 0026849896 scopus 로고
    • Physical characteristics and factors related to sexual development and behaviour and the risk for prostatic cancer
    • Hayes RB, de Jong FH, Raatgever J, et al. Physical characteristics and factors related to sexual development and behaviour and the risk for prostatic cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 1992;1:239-45.
    • (1992) Eur J Cancer Prev , vol.1 , pp. 239-245
    • Hayes, R.B.1    De Jong, F.H.2    Raatgever, J.3
  • 110
    • 0024333326 scopus 로고
    • Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in Adventist men
    • Mills PK, Beeson WL, Phillips RL, Fraser GE. Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in Adventist men. Cancer 1989;64:598-604.
    • (1989) Cancer , vol.64 , pp. 598-604
    • Mills, P.K.1    Beeson, W.L.2    Phillips, R.L.3    Fraser, G.E.4
  • 114
    • 0020657484 scopus 로고
    • Diet in the epidemiology of carcinoma of the prostate gland
    • Graham S, Haughey B, Marshall J, et al. Diet in the epidemiology of carcinoma of the prostate gland. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;70:687-92.
    • (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.70 , pp. 687-692
    • Graham, S.1    Haughey, B.2    Marshall, J.3
  • 115
    • 0023908560 scopus 로고
    • Diet and prostatic cancer: A case-control study in Hawaii
    • Kolonel LN, Yoshizawa CN, Hankin JH. Diet and prostatic cancer: a case-control study in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:999-1012.
    • (1988) Am J Epidemiol , vol.127 , pp. 999-1012
    • Kolonel, L.N.1    Yoshizawa, C.N.2    Hankin, J.H.3
  • 117
    • 0030023001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and prostate cancer
    • Kolonel LN. Nutrition and prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1996;7:83-94.
    • (1996) Cancer Causes Control , vol.7 , pp. 83-94
    • Kolonel, L.N.1
  • 118
    • 0016571068 scopus 로고
    • Can nutrition explain the pattern of international epidemiology of hormone-dependent cancers?
    • Berg JW. Can nutrition explain the pattern of international epidemiology of hormone-dependent cancers? Cancer Res 1975;35:3345-50.
    • (1975) Cancer Res , vol.35 , pp. 3345-3350
    • Berg, J.W.1
  • 119
    • 0028913694 scopus 로고
    • Dietary factors and risk of prostate cancer: A case-control study in Ontario, Canada
    • Rohan TE, Howe GR, Burch JD, Jain M. Dietary factors and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Ontario, Canada. Cancer Causes Control 1995;6:145-54.
    • (1995) Cancer Causes Control , vol.6 , pp. 145-154
    • Rohan, T.E.1    Howe, G.R.2    Burch, J.D.3    Jain, M.4
  • 120
    • 0026133216 scopus 로고
    • Adult dietary intake and prostate cancer risk in Utah: A case-control study with special emphasis on aggressive tumors
    • West DW, Slattery ML, Robison LM, French TK, Mahoney AW. Adult dietary intake and prostate cancer risk in Utah: a case-control study with special emphasis on aggressive tumors. Cancer Causes Control 1991;2:85-94.
    • (1991) Cancer Causes Control , vol.2 , pp. 85-94
    • West, D.W.1    Slattery, M.L.2    Robison, L.M.3    French, T.K.4    Mahoney, A.W.5
  • 121
    • 0030513738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy, nutrient intake and prostate cancer risk: A population-based case-control study in Sweden
    • Andersson SO, Wolk A, Bergstrom R, et al. Energy, nutrient intake and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in Sweden. Int J Cancer 1996;68:716-22.
    • (1996) Int J Cancer , vol.68 , pp. 716-722
    • Andersson, S.O.1    Wolk, A.2    Bergstrom, R.3
  • 122
    • 0029899259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition factors and prostate cancer: A case-control study of French Canadians in Montreal, Canada
    • Ghadirian P, Lacroix A, Maisonneuve P, et al. Nutrition factors and prostate cancer: a case-control study of French Canadians in Montreal, Canada. Cancer Causes Control 1996;7:428-36.
    • (1996) Cancer Causes Control , vol.7 , pp. 428-436
    • Ghadirian, P.1    Lacroix, A.2    Maisonneuve, P.3
  • 123
    • 0023850321 scopus 로고
    • Dietary β-carotene and cancer of the prostate: A case-control study in Kyoto, Japan
    • Ohno Y, Yoshida O, Oishi K, Okada K, Yamabe H, Schroeder FH. Dietary β-carotene and cancer of the prostate: a case-control study in Kyoto, Japan. Cancer Res 1988;48:1331-6.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 1331-1336
    • Ohno, Y.1    Yoshida, O.2    Oishi, K.3    Okada, K.4    Yamabe, H.5    Schroeder, F.H.6
  • 125
    • 0016683880 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special references to dietary practices
    • Armstrong B, Doll R. Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special references to dietary practices. Int J Cancer 1975;15:617-31.
    • (1975) Int J Cancer , vol.15 , pp. 617-631
    • Armstrong, B.1    Doll, R.2
  • 126
    • 0016228414 scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis of international cancer mortality data and per capita food consumption
    • Howell MA. Factor analysis of international cancer mortality data and per capita food consumption. Br J Cancer 1974;29:328-36.
    • (1974) Br J Cancer , vol.29 , pp. 328-336
    • Howell, M.A.1
  • 127
    • 0018166541 scopus 로고
    • Geographic patterns of prostate cancer in the United States
    • Blair A, Fraumeni JF Jr. Geographic patterns of prostate cancer in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1978;61:379-84.
    • (1978) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.61 , pp. 379-384
    • Blair, A.1    Fraumeni Jr., J.F.2
  • 130
    • 0024381595 scopus 로고
    • Beta-carotene and animal fats and their relationship to prostate cancer risk
    • Mettlin C, Selenskas S, Natarajan N, Huben R. Beta-carotene and animal fats and their relationship to prostate cancer risk. Cancer 1989;64:605-12.
    • (1989) Cancer , vol.64 , pp. 605-612
    • Mettlin, C.1    Selenskas, S.2    Natarajan, N.3    Huben, R.4
  • 131
    • 0021923343 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and prostate cancer: A case-control study
    • Heshmat MY, Kaul L, Kovi J, et al. Nutrition and prostate cancer: a case-control study. Prostate 1985;6:7-17.
    • (1985) Prostate , vol.6 , pp. 7-17
    • Heshmat, M.Y.1    Kaul, L.2    Kovi, J.3
  • 132
    • 0001173132 scopus 로고
    • Some selected features of the epidemiology of prostatic cancer: Minneapolis-St Paul, Minnesota case-control study, 1976-1979
    • Magnus K, editor. Washington: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation
    • Schuman LM, Mandel JS, Radke A, Seal U, Halberg F. Some selected features of the epidemiology of prostatic cancer: Minneapolis-St Paul, Minnesota case-control study, 1976-1979. In: Magnus K, editor. Trends in cancer incidence: causes and practical implications. Washington: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation; 1982:345-54.
    • (1982) Trends in Cancer Incidence: Causes and Practical Implications , pp. 345-354
    • Schuman, L.M.1    Mandel, J.S.2    Radke, A.3    Seal, U.4    Halberg, F.5
  • 133
    • 0027423103 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer
    • Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1571-9.
    • (1993) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.85 , pp. 1571-1579
    • Giovannucci, E.1    Rimm, E.B.2    Colditz, G.A.3
  • 134
    • 0021193780 scopus 로고
    • Diet, obesity, and risk of fatal prostate cancer
    • Snowden DA, Phillips RL, Choi W. Diet, obesity, and risk of fatal prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1984;120:244-250.
    • (1984) Am J Epidemiol , vol.120 , pp. 244-250
    • Snowden, D.A.1    Phillips, R.L.2    Choi, W.3
  • 135
    • 0025129676 scopus 로고
    • Diet, tobacco use, and fatal prostate cancer: Results from the Lutheran Brotherhood Cohort Study
    • Hsing AW, McLaughlin JK, Schuman LM, et al. Diet, tobacco use, and fatal prostate cancer: results from the Lutheran Brotherhood Cohort Study. Cancer Res 1990;50:6836-40.
    • (1990) Cancer Res , vol.50 , pp. 6836-6840
    • Hsing, A.W.1    McLaughlin, J.K.2    Schuman, L.M.3
  • 136
    • 0018607816 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of prostate cancer with special reference to the role of diet
    • Hirayama T. Epidemiology of prostate cancer with special reference to the role of diet. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1979;53:149-55.
    • (1979) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr , vol.53 , pp. 149-155
    • Hirayama, T.1
  • 138
    • 0021042521 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A: Evidence for its preventive role in human cancer
    • Kummet T, Moon TE, Meyskens FL Jr. Vitamin A: evidence for its preventive role in human cancer. Nutr Cancer 1983;5:96-106.
    • (1983) Nutr Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 96-106
    • Kummet, T.1    Moon, T.E.2    Meyskens Jr., F.L.3
  • 139
    • 0002624456 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical indicators of dietary intake
    • Willett W. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Hunter D. Biochemical indicators of dietary intake. In: Willett W. Nutritional epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 1990:143-216.
    • (1990) Nutritional Epidemiology , pp. 143-216
    • Hunter, D.1
  • 140
    • 0023258599 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A and prostate cancer in elderly men: Enhancement of risk
    • Kolonel LN, Hankin JH, Yoshizawa CN. Vitamin A and prostate cancer in elderly men: enhancement of risk. Cancer Res 1987;47:2982-5.
    • (1987) Cancer Res , vol.47 , pp. 2982-2985
    • Kolonel, L.N.1    Hankin, J.H.2    Yoshizawa, C.N.3
  • 143
  • 144
    • 0025367269 scopus 로고
    • Serologic precursors of cancer. Retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherol and risk of prostate cancer
    • Hsing AW, Comstock GW, Abbey H, Polk BF. Serologic precursors of cancer. Retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherol and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:941-6.
    • (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.82 , pp. 941-946
    • Hsing, A.W.1    Comstock, G.W.2    Abbey, H.3    Polk, B.F.4
  • 145
    • 0025170026 scopus 로고
    • Serum vitamin A and subsequent risk of cancer: Cancer incidence follow-up of the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey
    • Knekt P, Aromaa A, Maatela J, et al. Serum vitamin A and subsequent risk of cancer: cancer incidence follow-up of the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:857-70.
    • (1990) Am J Epidemiol , vol.132 , pp. 857-870
    • Knekt, P.1    Aromaa, A.2    Maatela, J.3
  • 146
    • 0025210418 scopus 로고
    • Serum vitamin A and subsequent development of prostate cancer in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
    • Reichman ME, Hayes RB, Ziegler RG, et al. Serum vitamin A and subsequent development of prostate cancer in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Cancer Res 1990;50:2311-5.
    • (1990) Cancer Res , vol.50 , pp. 2311-2315
    • Reichman, M.E.1    Hayes, R.B.2    Ziegler, R.G.3
  • 148
    • 0022975520 scopus 로고
    • Serum retinol and subsequent risk of cancer
    • Wald N, Boreham J, Bailey A. Serum retinol and subsequent risk of cancer. Br J Cancer 1986;54:957-61.
    • (1986) Br J Cancer , vol.54 , pp. 957-961
    • Wald, N.1    Boreham, J.2    Bailey, A.3
  • 150
    • 0000229251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A
    • Ziegler EE, Filer LJ Jr, editors. Washington (DC): International Life Sciences Institute Press
    • Olson JA. Vitamin A. In: Ziegler EE, Filer LJ Jr, editors. Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th ed. Washington (DC): International Life Sciences Institute Press; 1996:109-19.
    • (1996) Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 7th Ed. , pp. 109-119
    • Olson, J.A.1
  • 151
    • 0022885818 scopus 로고
    • Dietary vitamin a and cancer - A multisite case-control study
    • Middleton B, Byers T, Marshall J, Graham S. Dietary vitamin A and cancer - a multisite case-control study. Nutr Cancer 1986;8:107-16.
    • (1986) Nutr Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 107-116
    • Middleton, B.1    Byers, T.2    Marshall, J.3    Graham, S.4
  • 152
    • 0022257539 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological study of prostatic cancer by matched-pair analysis
    • Mishina T, Watanabe H, Araki H, Nakao M. Epidemiological study of prostatic cancer by matched-pair analysis. Prostate 1985;6:423-36.
    • (1985) Prostate , vol.6 , pp. 423-436
    • Mishina, T.1    Watanabe, H.2    Araki, H.3    Nakao, M.4
  • 153
    • 9444273420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary beta-carotene, vitamin C, and risk of prostate cancer: Results from the Western Electric Study
    • Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, Persky V, et al. Dietary beta-carotene, vitamin C, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the Western Electric Study. Epidemiol 1996;7:472-7.
    • (1996) Epidemiol , vol.7 , pp. 472-477
    • Daviglus, M.L.1    Dyer, A.R.2    Persky, V.3
  • 154
    • 0000721945 scopus 로고
    • A large scale cohort study on cancer risks by diet - with special reference to the risk reducing effects of green-yellow vegetable consumption
    • Hayashi Y, Nagao M, Sugimura T, et al, editors. 1985; Tokyo, Japan. Japan Scientific Society Press
    • Hirayama T. A large scale cohort study on cancer risks by diet - with special reference to the risk reducing effects of green-yellow vegetable consumption. In: Hayashi Y, Nagao M, Sugimura T, et al, editors. Diet, nutrition, and cancer. Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund; 1985; Tokyo, Japan. Japan Scientific Society Press, 1986:41-53.
    • (1986) Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer. Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund , pp. 41-53
    • Hirayama, T.1
  • 155
    • 0024464691 scopus 로고
    • Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher
    • Di Mascio P, Kaiser S, Sies H. Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher. Arch Biochem Biophys 1989;274:532-8.
    • (1989) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.274 , pp. 532-538
    • Di Mascio, P.1    Kaiser, S.2    Sies, H.3
  • 157
    • 0027523227 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables: An evaluation of analytic data
    • published erratum appears in J Am Diet Assoc 1993;93:527
    • Mangels AR, Holden J, Beecher GR, Forman MR, Lanza E. Carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables: an evaluation of analytic data [published erratum appears in J Am Diet Assoc 1993;93:527]. J Am Diet Assoc 1993;93:284-96.
    • (1993) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.93 , pp. 284-296
    • Mangels, A.R.1    Holden, J.2    Beecher, G.R.3    Forman, M.R.4    Lanza, E.5
  • 158
    • 1642625262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin: A randomized controlled trial
    • Clark LC, Combs GF Jr, Turnbull BW, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1996;276:1957-63.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1957-1963
    • Clark, L.C.1    Combs Jr., G.F.2    Turnbull, B.W.3
  • 159
    • 0026569066 scopus 로고
    • Serum retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium as related to subsequent cancer of specific sites
    • Comstock GW, Bush TL, Helzlsouer K. Serum retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium as related to subsequent cancer of specific sites. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:115-21.
    • (1992) Am J Epidemiol , vol.135 , pp. 115-121
    • Comstock, G.W.1    Bush, T.L.2    Helzlsouer, K.3
  • 160
    • 0025361056 scopus 로고
    • Serum selenium and subsequent risk of cancer among Finnish men and women
    • Knekt P, Aromaa A, Maatela J, et al. Serum selenium and subsequent risk of cancer among Finnish men and women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:864-8.
    • (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.82 , pp. 864-868
    • Knekt, P.1    Aromaa, A.2    Maatela, J.3
  • 161
    • 0020624074 scopus 로고
    • Prediagnostic serum selenium and risk of cancer
    • Willett WC, Polk BF, Morris JS, et al. Prediagnostic serum selenium and risk of cancer. Lancet 1983;2:130-4.
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 130-134
    • Willett, W.C.1    Polk, B.F.2    Morris, J.S.3
  • 162
    • 0023156123 scopus 로고
    • The role of diet in prostate cancer
    • Kaul L, Heshmat MY, Kovi J, et al. The role of diet in prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer 1987;9:123-8.
    • (1987) Nutr Cancer , vol.9 , pp. 123-128
    • Kaul, L.1    Heshmat, M.Y.2    Kovi, J.3
  • 164
    • 0026761445 scopus 로고
    • Intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin supplements and cancer incidence among the elderly: A prospective study
    • Shibata A, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE. Intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin supplements and cancer incidence among the elderly: a prospective study. Br J Cancer 1992;66:673-9.
    • (1992) Br J Cancer , vol.66 , pp. 673-679
    • Shibata, A.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Ross, R.K.3    Henderson, B.E.4
  • 165
    • 0027664955 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and prostate cancer: A prediagnostic study with stored sera
    • Corder EH, Guess HA, Hulka BS, et al. Vitamin D and prostate cancer: a prediagnostic study with stored sera. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1993;2:467-72.
    • (1993) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.2 , pp. 467-472
    • Corder, E.H.1    Guess, H.A.2    Hulka, B.S.3
  • 166
    • 0025187312 scopus 로고
    • Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for prostate cancer? (Hypothesis)
    • Schwartz GG, Hulka BS. Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for prostate cancer? (Hypothesis). Anticancer Res 1990;10:1307-12.
    • (1990) Anticancer Res , vol.10 , pp. 1307-1312
    • Schwartz, G.G.1    Hulka, B.S.2
  • 167
    • 0029160549 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in vitamin D, vitamin D-binding protein, and dehydroepiandrosterone: Risk of prostate cancer in black and white men
    • Corder EH, Friedman GD, Vogelman JH, Orentreich N. Seasonal variation in vitamin D, vitamin D-binding protein, and dehydroepiandrosterone: risk of prostate cancer in black and white men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4:655-9.
    • (1995) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.4 , pp. 655-659
    • Corder, E.H.1    Friedman, G.D.2    Vogelman, J.H.3    Orentreich, N.4
  • 169
    • 0029014444 scopus 로고
    • Prostate cancer and prediagnostic levels of serum vitamin D metabolites (Maryland, United States)
    • Braun MM, Helzlsouer KJ, Hollis BW, Comstock GW. Prostate cancer and prediagnostic levels of serum vitamin D metabolites (Maryland, United States). Cancer Causes Control 1995;6:235-9.
    • (1995) Cancer Causes Control , vol.6 , pp. 235-239
    • Braun, M.M.1    Helzlsouer, K.J.2    Hollis, B.W.3    Comstock, G.W.4
  • 170
    • 0028264480 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and prostate cancer: A prediagnostic study with stored sera
    • Correspondence re: EH Corder et al, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2:467-72, 1993
    • Schwartz GG. Correspondence re: EH Corder et al, Vitamin D and prostate cancer: a prediagnostic study with stored sera. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2:467-72, 1993. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994;3:183-4.
    • (1994) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.3 , pp. 183-184
    • Schwartz, G.G.1
  • 172
    • 0005552811 scopus 로고
    • Prostate cancer and vitamin (hormone) D: A case-control study
    • Schwartz GG, Hulka BS, Morris D, Mohler JL. Prostate cancer and vitamin (hormone) D: a case-control study. J Urol 1992;147 Suppl:294A.
    • (1992) J Urol , vol.147 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Schwartz, G.G.1    Hulka, B.S.2    Morris, D.3    Mohler, J.L.4
  • 173
    • 0017079886 scopus 로고
    • Effect of alcohol (ethanol) administration on sex-hormone metabolism in normal men
    • Gordon GG, Altman K, Southren AL, Rubin E, Lieber CS. Effect of alcohol (ethanol) administration on sex-hormone metabolism in normal men. N Engl JMed 1976;295:793-7.
    • (1976) N Engl JMed , vol.295 , pp. 793-797
    • Gordon, G.G.1    Altman, K.2    Southren, A.L.3    Rubin, E.4    Lieber, C.S.5
  • 174
    • 0023102775 scopus 로고
    • Medical, life-style, and occupational risk factors for prostate cancer
    • Checkoway H, DiFerdinando G, Hulka BS, Mickey DD. Medical, life-style, and occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. Prostate 1987;10:79-88.
    • (1987) Prostate , vol.10 , pp. 79-88
    • Checkoway, H.1    Diferdinando, G.2    Hulka, B.S.3    Mickey, D.D.4
  • 175
    • 0028125761 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol consumption, smoking, and other risk factors and prostate cancer in a large health plan cohort in California (United States)
    • Hiatt RA, Armstrong MA, Klatsky AL, Sidney S. Alcohol consumption, smoking, and other risk factors and prostate cancer in a large health plan cohort in California (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:66-72.
    • (1994) Cancer Causes Control , vol.5 , pp. 66-72
    • Hiatt, R.A.1    Armstrong, M.A.2    Klatsky, A.L.3    Sidney, S.4
  • 176
    • 0024262974 scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of prostate cancer and socioeconomic factors
    • Yu H, Harris RE, Wynder EL. Case-control study of prostate cancer and socioeconomic factors. Prostate 1988;13:317-25.
    • (1988) Prostate , vol.13 , pp. 317-325
    • Yu, H.1    Harris, R.E.2    Wynder, E.L.3
  • 177
    • 0027717516 scopus 로고
    • Smoking, coffee, alcohol, tea, caffeine, and theobromine: Risk of prostate cancer in Utah (United States)
    • Slattery ML, West DW. Smoking, coffee, alcohol, tea, caffeine, and theobromine: risk of prostate cancer in Utah (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1993;4:559-63.
    • (1993) Cancer Causes Control , vol.4 , pp. 559-563
    • Slattery, M.L.1    West, D.W.2
  • 178
    • 0026714915 scopus 로고
    • Alcoholism and cancer risk: A population-based cohort study
    • Adami HO, McLaughlin JK, Hsing AW, et al. Alcoholism and cancer risk: a population-based cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 1992;3:419-25.
    • (1992) Cancer Causes Control , vol.3 , pp. 419-425
    • Adami, H.O.1    McLaughlin, J.K.2    Hsing, A.W.3
  • 180
    • 0028323602 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and drinking habits in relation to prostate cancer
    • Van der Gulden JWJ, Verbeek ALM, Kolk JJ. Smoking and drinking habits in relation to prostate cancer. Br J Urol 1994;73:382-9.
    • (1994) Br J Urol , vol.73 , pp. 382-389
    • Van Der Gulden, J.W.J.1    Verbeek, A.L.M.2    Kolk, J.J.3
  • 181
    • 0030942049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of smoking, body mass, and physical activity with risk of prostate cancer in the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study (United States)
    • Cerhan JR, Torner JC, Lynch CF, et al. Association of smoking, body mass, and physical activity with risk of prostate cancer in the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1997;8:229-38.
    • (1997) Cancer Causes Control , vol.8 , pp. 229-238
    • Cerhan, J.R.1    Torner, J.C.2    Lynch, C.F.3
  • 182
    • 13344293688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol use and prostate cancer risk in US blacks and whites
    • Hayes RB, Brown LM, Schoenberg JB, et al. Alcohol use and prostate cancer risk in US blacks and whites. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:692-7.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.143 , pp. 692-697
    • Hayes, R.B.1    Brown, L.M.2    Schoenberg, J.B.3
  • 185
    • 0023910378 scopus 로고
    • Vasectomy, cigarette smoking, and age at first sexual intercourse as risk factors for prostate cancer in middle-aged men
    • Honda GD, Bernstein L, Ross RK, Greenland S, Gerkins V, Henderson BE. Vasectomy, cigarette smoking, and age at first sexual intercourse as risk factors for prostate cancer in middle-aged men. Br J Cancer 1988;57:326-31.
    • (1988) Br J Cancer , vol.57 , pp. 326-331
    • Honda, G.D.1    Bernstein, L.2    Ross, R.K.3    Greenland, S.4    Gerkins, V.5    Henderson, B.E.6
  • 186
    • 0000475311 scopus 로고
    • Results of a French survey on the role of tobacco, particularly inhalation, in different cancer sites
    • Schwartz D, Flamant R, Lellouch J, Denoix PF. Results of a French survey on the role of tobacco, particularly inhalation, in different cancer sites. J Natl Cancer Inst 1961;26:1085-108.
    • (1961) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.26 , pp. 1085-1108
    • Schwartz, D.1    Flamant, R.2    Lellouch, J.3    Denoix, P.F.4
  • 187
    • 0017340425 scopus 로고
    • Association of cancer sites with tobacco and alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status of patients: Interview study from the Third National Cancer Survey
    • Williams RR, Horm JW. Association of cancer sites with tobacco and alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status of patients: interview study from the Third National Cancer Survey. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977;58:525-47.
    • (1977) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.58 , pp. 525-547
    • Williams, R.R.1    Horm, J.W.2
  • 188
    • 0019271472 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of prostatic cancer in Japan and Asia
    • Niijima T, Kosio K. Incidence of prostatic cancer in Japan and Asia. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1980;55 Suppl:17-21.
    • (1980) Scand J Urol Nephrol , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 17-21
    • Niijima, T.1    Kosio, K.2
  • 190
    • 0024344135 scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of prostate cancer in Kyoto, Japan: Demographic and some lifestyle risk factors
    • Oishi K, Okada K, Yoshida O, et al. Case-control study of prostate cancer in Kyoto, Japan: demographic and some lifestyle risk factors. Prostate 1989;14:117-22.
    • (1989) Prostate , vol.14 , pp. 117-122
    • Oishi, K.1    Okada, K.2    Yoshida, O.3
  • 191
    • 0027233864 scopus 로고
    • Smoking habits and prostate cancer: A case-control study in northern Italy
    • Talamini R, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Guarneri S, Negri E. Smoking habits and prostate cancer: a case-control study in northern Italy. Prev Med 1993;22:400-8.
    • (1993) Prev Med , vol.22 , pp. 400-408
    • Talamini, R.1    Franceschi, S.2    La Vecchia, C.3    Guarneri, S.4    Negri, E.5
  • 192
    • 0028229448 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco use and prostate cancer in blacks and whites in the United States
    • Hayes RB, Pottern LM, Swanson GM, et al. Tobacco use and prostate cancer in blacks and whites in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:221-6.
    • (1994) Cancer Causes Control , vol.5 , pp. 221-226
    • Hayes, R.B.1    Pottern, L.M.2    Swanson, G.M.3
  • 193
    • 0017602923 scopus 로고
    • Cadmium and prostatic carcinoma
    • Kolonel L, Winkelstein W Jr. Cadmium and prostatic carcinoma. Lancet 1977;2:566-7.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 566-567
    • Kolonel, L.1    Winkelstein Jr., W.2
  • 194
    • 0029067163 scopus 로고
    • Associations between cigarette smoking and each of 21 types of cancer: A multi-site case-control study
    • Siemiatycki J, Krewski D, Franco E, Kaiserman M. Associations between cigarette smoking and each of 21 types of cancer: a multi-site case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 1995;24:504-14.
    • (1995) Int J Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 504-514
    • Siemiatycki, J.1    Krewski, D.2    Franco, E.3    Kaiserman, M.4
  • 195
    • 0023265652 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in relation to cigarette and pipe smoking: 16 years' observations of 25 000 Swedish men
    • Carstensen JM, Pershagen G, Eklund G. Mortality in relation to cigarette and pipe smoking: 16 years' observations of 25 000 Swedish men. J Epidemiol Community Health 1987;41:166-72.
    • (1987) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.41 , pp. 166-172
    • Carstensen, J.M.1    Pershagen, G.2    Eklund, G.3
  • 196
    • 0343192604 scopus 로고
    • Smoking in relation to mortality and morbidity: Findings in first thirty-four months of follow-up in a prospective study started in 1959
    • Hammond EC. Smoking in relation to mortality and morbidity: findings in first thirty-four months of follow-up in a prospective study started in 1959. J Natl Cancer Inst 1964;32:1161-88.
    • (1964) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.32 , pp. 1161-1188
    • Hammond, E.C.1
  • 197
    • 0014710487 scopus 로고
    • Smoking and mortality: A prospective study
    • Weir JM, Dunn JE Jr. Smoking and mortality: a prospective study. Cancer 1970;25:105-12.
    • (1970) Cancer , vol.25 , pp. 105-112
    • Weir, J.M.1    Dunn Jr., J.E.2
  • 198
    • 0029924584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking as a predictor of death from prostate cancer in 348,874 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
    • Coughlin SS, Neaton JD, Sengupta A. Cigarette smoking as a predictor of death from prostate cancer in 348,874 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:1002-6.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.143 , pp. 1002-1006
    • Coughlin, S.S.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Sengupta, A.3
  • 201
    • 0028168904 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors
    • Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 1994;309:901-11.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 901-911
    • Doll, R.1    Peto, R.2    Wheatley, K.3    Gray, R.4    Sutherland, I.5
  • 202
    • 0029814840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking habits and risk of cancers other than lung cancer: 28 years' follow-up of 26,000 Norwegian men and women
    • Engeland A, Andersen A, Haldorsen T, Tretli S. Smoking habits and risk of cancers other than lung cancer: 28 years' follow-up of 26,000 Norwegian men and women. Cancer Causes Control 1996;7:497-506.
    • (1996) Cancer Causes Control , vol.7 , pp. 497-506
    • Engeland, A.1    Andersen, A.2    Haldorsen, T.3    Tretli, S.4
  • 203
    • 0030227922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus conference: Smoking and prostate cancer
    • Colditz G. Consensus conference: smoking and prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1996;7:560-2.
    • (1996) Cancer Causes Control , vol.7 , pp. 560-562
    • Colditz, G.1
  • 204
    • 0029067363 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for prostate cancer
    • Shoebottom E, editor. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    • Key T. Risk factors for prostate cancer. In: Shoebottom E, editor. Preventing prostate cancer: screening versus chemo-prevention. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1995:63-77.
    • (1995) Preventing Prostate Cancer: Screening Versus Chemo-prevention , pp. 63-77
    • Key, T.1
  • 208
    • 0023239676 scopus 로고
    • Vasectomy and the risk of prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy
    • Sidney S. Vasectomy and the risk of prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy. J Urol 1987;138:795-7.
    • (1987) J Urol , vol.138 , pp. 795-797
    • Sidney, S.1
  • 210
    • 0028901089 scopus 로고
    • Vasectomy and prostate cancer: Results from a multiethnic case-control study
    • John EM, Whittemore AS, Wu AH, et al. Vasectomy and prostate cancer: results from a multiethnic case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:662-9.
    • (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.87 , pp. 662-669
    • John, E.M.1    Whittemore, A.S.2    Wu, A.H.3
  • 211
    • 0027978636 scopus 로고
    • The relation of vasectomy to the risk of cancer
    • Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Zauber AG, et al. The relation of vasectomy to the risk of cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:431-8.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.140 , pp. 431-438
    • Rosenberg, L.1    Palmer, J.R.2    Zauber, A.G.3
  • 212
    • 0027419737 scopus 로고
    • Vasectomy and prostate cancer in US blacks and whites
    • Hayes RB, Pottern LM, Greenberg R, et al. Vasectomy and prostate cancer in US blacks and whites. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:263-9.
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol , vol.137 , pp. 263-269
    • Hayes, R.B.1    Pottern, L.M.2    Greenberg, R.3
  • 213
    • 0029818357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasectomy and prostate cancer: A case-control study in a health maintenance organization
    • Zhu K, Stanford JL, Daling JR, et al. Vasectomy and prostate cancer: a case-control study in a health maintenance organization. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:717-22.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.144 , pp. 717-722
    • Zhu, K.1    Stanford, J.L.2    Daling, J.R.3
  • 214
    • 0020506673 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of prostate cancer: What does the epidemiology suggest?
    • Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Henderson BE. The etiology of prostate cancer: what does the epidemiology suggest? Prostate 1983;4:333-44.
    • (1983) Prostate , vol.4 , pp. 333-344
    • Ross, R.K.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Henderson, B.E.3
  • 219
    • 0027522816 scopus 로고
    • Vasectomy and prostate cancer: Chance, bias, or a causal relationship?
    • Howards SS, Peterson HB. Vasectomy and prostate cancer: chance, bias, or a causal relationship? JAMA 1993;269:913-4.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 913-914
    • Howards, S.S.1    Peterson, H.B.2
  • 221
    • 0027214949 scopus 로고
    • Possible biological mechanisms for a relationship between vasectomy and prostatic cancer
    • Howards SS. Possible biological mechanisms for a relationship between vasectomy and prostatic cancer. Eur J Cancer 1993;29A:1060-62.
    • (1993) Eur J Cancer , vol.29 A , pp. 1060-1062
    • Howards, S.S.1
  • 222
    • 0025910390 scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of screening for prostate cancer by digital rectal examinations
    • Freidman GD, Hiatt RA, Quesenberry CP Jr, Selby JV. Case-control study of screening for prostate cancer by digital rectal examinations. Lancet 1991;337:1526-9.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1526-1529
    • Freidman, G.D.1    Hiatt, R.A.2    Quesenberry Jr., C.P.3    Selby, J.V.4
  • 223
    • 0027390087 scopus 로고
    • Disease-specific survival following routine prostate cancer screening by digital rectal examination
    • Gerber GS, Thompson IM, Thisted R, Chodak GW. Disease-specific survival following routine prostate cancer screening by digital rectal examination. JAMA 1993;269:61-4.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 61-64
    • Gerber, G.S.1    Thompson, I.M.2    Thisted, R.3    Chodak, G.W.4
  • 224
    • 0003090706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for prostate cancer
    • Chamberlin J, Moss S, et al, editors. London: Springer-Verlag
    • Chamberlin J, Melia J. Screening for prostate cancer. In: Chamberlin J, Moss S, et al, editors. Evaluation of cancer screening. London: Springer-Verlag, 1996:118-35.
    • (1996) Evaluation of Cancer Screening , pp. 118-135
    • Chamberlin, J.1    Melia, J.2
  • 225
    • 0028086057 scopus 로고
    • Management of cancer of the prostate
    • Catalona WJ. Management of cancer of the prostate. N Engl J Med 1994;331:996-1004.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 996-1004
    • Catalona, W.J.1
  • 226
    • 0028883394 scopus 로고
    • Screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen
    • Woolf SH. Screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1401-5.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1401-1405
    • Woolf, S.H.1
  • 227
    • 0028090544 scopus 로고
    • The clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen: Update 1994
    • Partin AW, Oesterling JE. The clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen: update 1994. J Urol 1994;152:1358-68.
    • (1994) J Urol , vol.152 , pp. 1358-1368
    • Partin, A.W.1    Oesterling, J.E.2
  • 228
    • 0027226031 scopus 로고
    • Detection of organ-confined prostate cancer is increased through prostate-specific antigen-based screening
    • Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Ratliff TL, Basler JW. Detection of organ-confined prostate cancer is increased through prostate-specific antigen-based screening. JAMA 1993;270:948-54.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 948-954
    • Catalona, W.J.1    Smith, D.S.2    Ratliff, T.L.3    Basler, J.W.4
  • 229
    • 0026572980 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of prostate-specific antigen to digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography: Findings of the American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project
    • Babaian RJ, Mettlin C, Kane R, et al. The relationship of prostate-specific antigen to digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography: findings of the American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project. Cancer 1992;69:1195-2000.
    • (1992) Cancer , vol.69 , pp. 1195-2000
    • Babaian, R.J.1    Mettlin, C.2    Kane, R.3
  • 231
    • 0027249051 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of prostate cancers detected in a multimodality early detection program
    • Mettlin C, Murphy GP, Lee F, et al. Characteristics of prostate cancers detected in a multimodality early detection program. Cancer 1993;72:1701-8.
    • (1993) Cancer , vol.72 , pp. 1701-1708
    • Mettlin, C.1    Murphy, G.P.2    Lee, F.3
  • 232
    • 0028256194 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: Results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,650 men
    • Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, et al. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,650 men. J Urol 1994;151:1283-90.
    • (1994) J Urol , vol.151 , pp. 1283-1290
    • Catalona, W.J.1    Richie, J.P.2    Ahmann, F.R.3
  • 233
    • 0028801975 scopus 로고
    • A prospective evaluation of plasma prostate specific antigen for detection of prostate cancer
    • Gann PH, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ. A prospective evaluation of plasma prostate specific antigen for detection of prostate cancer. JAMA 1995;273:289-94.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 289-294
    • Gann, P.H.1    Hennekens, C.H.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 235
    • 0027407096 scopus 로고
    • Prostate cancer: To screen or not to screen?
    • Schroder FH. Prostate cancer: to screen or not to screen? Br Med J 1993;306:407-8.
    • (1993) Br Med J , vol.306 , pp. 407-408
    • Schroder, F.H.1
  • 236
  • 238
    • 7344245637 scopus 로고
    • American Urological Association
    • American Urological Association Guidelines Development Group. Management of clinically localised prostate cancer. American Urological Association, 1995.
    • (1995) Management of Clinically Localised Prostate Cancer


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.