메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue , 1998, Pages 503-535

Lower-level visual processing and models of light adaptation

Author keywords

Ganglion cell; Psychophysics; Retina; Vision; Visual sensitivity

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CYTOLOGY; HUMAN; MACACA; METHODOLOGY; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOPHYSICS; RETINA; RETINA GANGLION CELL; REVIEW; VISUAL ADAPTATION; VISUAL CORTEX;

EID: 0031601161     PISSN: 00664308     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.503     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (88)

References (138)
  • 1
    • 0019990553 scopus 로고
    • The delayed rod afterimage
    • Adelson EH. 1982. The delayed rod afterimage. Vis Res 22:1313-28
    • (1982) Vis Res , vol.22 , pp. 1313-1328
    • Adelson, E.H.1
  • 2
    • 0029702667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual detection following retinal damage: Predictions of an inhomogeneous retino-cortical model
    • Arnow T, Geisler W. 1996. Visual detection following retinal damage: predictions of an inhomogeneous retino-cortical model. Proc. Int. Soc. Opt. Engr. 2674:119-30
    • (1996) Proc. Int. Soc. Opt. Engr. , vol.2674 , pp. 119-130
    • Arnow, T.1    Geisler, W.2
  • 3
    • 0018908726 scopus 로고
    • Responses of rod bipolar cells in the dark-adapted retina of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula
    • Ashmore J, Falk G. 1980. Responses of rod bipolar cells in the dark-adapted retina of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. J. Physiol. 300:115-50
    • (1980) J. Physiol. , vol.300 , pp. 115-150
    • Ashmore, J.1    Falk, G.2
  • 4
    • 0001401406 scopus 로고
    • Neural limitations of visual excitability. IV: Spatial determinants of retrochiasmal interaction
    • Battersby WS, Wagman IH. 1962. Neural limitations of visual excitability. IV: spatial determinants of retrochiasmal interaction. Am. J. Physiol. 203.359-65
    • (1962) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.203 , pp. 359-365
    • Battersby, W.S.1    Wagman, I.H.2
  • 5
    • 0026858486 scopus 로고
    • Contrast gain control in the primate retina: P-cells are not X-like, some M-cells are
    • Benardete EA, Kaplan E, Knight BW. 1992. Contrast gain control in the primate retina: P-cells are not X-like, some M-cells are. Vis. Neurosci. 8:483-86
    • (1992) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 483-486
    • Benardete, E.A.1    Kaplan, E.2    Knight, B.W.3
  • 7
    • 0024440419 scopus 로고
    • Sawtooth contrast sensitivity: Decrements have the edge
    • Bowen RW, Pokorny J, Smith VC. 1989. Sawtooth contrast sensitivity: decrements have the edge. Vis. Res. 29:1501-9
    • (1989) Vis. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 1501-1509
    • Bowen, R.W.1    Pokorny, J.2    Smith, V.C.3
  • 8
    • 0026664473 scopus 로고
    • Sawtooth contrast sensitivity: Effects of mean illuminance and low temporal frequencies
    • Bowen RW, Pokorny J, Smith VC, Fowler MA. 1992. Sawtooth contrast sensitivity: effects of mean illuminance and low temporal frequencies. Vis. Res. 32:1239-47
    • (1992) Vis. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 1239-1247
    • Bowen, R.W.1    Pokorny, J.2    Smith, V.C.3    Fowler, M.A.4
  • 9
    • 50549215239 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among chromatic mechanisms as inferred from positive and negative increment thresholds
    • Boynton RM, Ikeda M, Stiles WS. 1964. Interactions among chromatic mechanisms as inferred from positive and negative increment thresholds Vis. Res 4:87-117
    • (1964) Vis. Res , vol.4 , pp. 87-117
    • Boynton, R.M.1    Ikeda, M.2    Stiles, W.S.3
  • 10
    • 0018998324 scopus 로고
    • Chromatic difference steps of moderate size measured along theoretically critical axes
    • Boynton RM, Kambe N. 1980. Chromatic difference steps of moderate size measured along theoretically critical axes. Color Res. Appl. 5:13-23
    • (1980) Color Res. Appl. , vol.5 , pp. 13-23
    • Boynton, R.M.1    Kambe, N.2
  • 11
    • 0001618261 scopus 로고
    • Study of flicker by increment threshold technique
    • Boynton RM, Sturr JF, Ikeda M. 1961. Study of flicker by increment threshold technique. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 51:196-201
    • (1961) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.51 , pp. 196-201
    • Boynton, R.M.1    Sturr, J.F.2    Ikeda, M.3
  • 12
    • 0014963155 scopus 로고
    • Visual adaptation in monkey cones: Recordings of late receptor potentials
    • Boynton RM, Whitten DN. 1970. Visual adaptation in monkey cones: recordings of late receptor potentials. Science 170:1423-26
    • (1970) Science , vol.170 , pp. 1423-1426
    • Boynton, R.M.1    Whitten, D.N.2
  • 13
    • 0021853456 scopus 로고
    • Local regulation of luminance gain
    • Burr DC, Ross J, Morrone MC. 1985. Local regulation of luminance gain. Vis. Res. 25: 717-27
    • (1985) Vis. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 717-727
    • Burr, D.C.1    Ross, J.2    Morrone, M.C.3
  • 14
    • 0027935674 scopus 로고
    • M and L cones in macaque fovea connect to midget ganglion cells by different numbers of excitatory synapses
    • Calkins DJ, Schein SJ, Tsukamoto Y, Sterling P. 1994. M and L cones in macaque fovea connect to midget ganglion cells by different numbers of excitatory synapses. Nature 371:70-72
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 70-72
    • Calkins, D.J.1    Schein, S.J.2    Tsukamoto, Y.3    Sterling, P.4
  • 15
    • 0029884920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of spectrally specific lateral inputs to midget ganglion cells in primate retina
    • Calkins DJ, Sterling P. 1996. Absence of spectrally specific lateral inputs to midget ganglion cells in primate retina. Nature 381: 613-15
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 613-615
    • Calkins, D.J.1    Sterling, P.2
  • 16
    • 0028792165 scopus 로고
    • Human cones appear to adapt at low light levels: Measurements on the redgreen detection mechanism
    • Chaparro A, Stromeyer CF, Chen G, Kronauer RE. 1995. Human cones appear to adapt at low light levels: measurements on the redgreen detection mechanism. Vis. Res. 35: 3103-18
    • (1995) Vis. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 3103-3118
    • Chaparro, A.1    Stromeyer, C.F.2    Chen, G.3    Kronauer, R.E.4
  • 17
    • 0027394934 scopus 로고
    • Serial spatial filters in vision
    • Chen B, Makous W, Williams DR. 1993. Serial spatial filters in vision. Vis. Res. 33: 413-27
    • (1993) Vis. Res. , vol.33 , pp. 413-427
    • Chen, B.1    Makous, W.2    Williams, D.R.3
  • 18
    • 0030140417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing gray through the on and off pathways
    • Chichilnisky EJ, Wandell BA. 1996. Seeing gray through the ON and OFF pathways. Vis Neurosci. 13:591-96
    • (1996) Vis Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 591-596
    • Chichilnisky, E.J.1    Wandell, B.A.2
  • 19
    • 0025134531 scopus 로고
    • The spread of adaptation in human foveal and parafoveal cone vision
    • Cicerone CM, Hayhoe MM, MacLeod DI. 1990. The spread of adaptation in human foveal and parafoveal cone vision. Vis. Res. 30.1603-15
    • (1990) Vis. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 1603-1615
    • Cicerone, C.M.1    Hayhoe, M.M.2    MacLeod, D.I.3
  • 21
    • 0028936833 scopus 로고
    • Receptive fields of P and M ganglion cells across the primate retina
    • Croner LJ, Kaplan E. 1995. Receptive fields of P and M ganglion cells across the primate retina. Vis. Res. 35:7-24
    • (1995) Vis. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 7-24
    • Croner, L.J.1    Kaplan, E.2
  • 22
    • 0023553265 scopus 로고
    • Thresholds to chromatic spots of cells in the macaque geniculate nucleus
    • Crook JM, Lee BB, Tigwell DA, Valberg A. 1987. Thresholds to chromatic spots of cells in the macaque geniculate nucleus. J. Physiol 392:193-211
    • (1987) J. Physiol , vol.392 , pp. 193-211
    • Crook, J.M.1    Lee, B.B.2    Tigwell, D.A.3    Valberg, A.4
  • 23
    • 0030034963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circuitry for color coding in the primate retina
    • Dacey DM. 1996. Circuitry for color coding in the primate retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:582-88
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 582-588
    • Dacey, D.M.1
  • 24
    • 0028117203 scopus 로고
    • The 'blue-on' opponent pathway in primate retina originates from a distinct bistratified ganglion cell type
    • Dacey DM, Lee BB. 1994. The 'blue-on' opponent pathway in primate retina originates from a distinct bistratified ganglion cell type. Nature 367:731-35
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 731-735
    • Dacey, D.M.1    Lee, B.B.2
  • 25
    • 0030065715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontal cells of the primate retina: Cone specificity without spectral opponency
    • Dacey DM, Lee BB, Stafford DK, Pokorny J, Smith VC. 1996. Horizontal cells of the primate retina: cone specificity without spectral opponency. Science 271:656-59
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 656-659
    • Dacey, D.M.1    Lee, B.B.2    Stafford, D.K.3    Pokorny, J.4    Smith, V.C.5
  • 26
    • 0030094522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal adaptation model for retinal ganglion cells
    • Dahari R, Spitzer H. 1996. Spatiotemporal adaptation model for retinal ganglion cells. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 13:419-35
    • (1996) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.13 , pp. 419-435
    • Dahari, R.1    Spitzer, H.2
  • 27
    • 0021646382 scopus 로고
    • Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque
    • Derrington AM, Krauskopf J, Lennie P. 1984. Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. J. Physiol. 357: 241-65
    • (1984) J. Physiol. , vol.357 , pp. 241-265
    • Derrington, A.M.1    Krauskopf, J.2    Lennie, P.3
  • 29
    • 0028112557 scopus 로고
    • Effects of on channel blockade with 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) on brightness and contrast perception in monkeys
    • Dolan RP, Schiller PH. 1994. Effects of ON channel blockade with 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) on brightness and contrast perception in monkeys. Vis. Neurosci. 11:23-32
    • (1994) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 23-32
    • Dolan, R.P.1    Schiller, P.H.2
  • 30
    • 0030050458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the spatio-temporal modulation response of ganglion cells with difference-of-Gaussians receptive fields: Relation to photoreceptor response kinetics
    • Donner K, Hemila S. 1996. Modelling the spatio-temporal modulation response of ganglion cells with difference-of-Gaussians receptive fields: relation to photoreceptor response kinetics. Vis. Neurosci. 13:173-86
    • (1996) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 173-186
    • Donner, K.1    Hemila, S.2
  • 31
    • 0025301123 scopus 로고
    • Sites of sensitivity control within a long-wavelength cone pathway
    • Finkelstein MA, Harrison M, Hood DC. 1990. Sites of sensitivity control within a long-wavelength cone pathway. Vis. Res. 30: 1145-58
    • (1990) Vis. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 1145-1158
    • Finkelstein, M.A.1    Harrison, M.2    Hood, D.C.3
  • 32
    • 0019376435 scopus 로고
    • Cone system saturation: More than one stage of sensitivity loss
    • Finkelstein MA, Hood DC. 1981. Cone system saturation: more than one stage of sensitivity loss. Vis. Res. 21:319-28
    • (1981) Vis. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 319-328
    • Finkelstein, M.A.1    Hood, D.C.2
  • 33
    • 0028387973 scopus 로고
    • Conductances evoked by light in the ON-β ganglion-cell of cat retina
    • Freed MA, Nelson R. 1994. Conductances evoked by light in the ON-β ganglion-cell of cat retina. Vis. Neurosci. 11:261-69
    • (1994) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 261-269
    • Freed, M.A.1    Nelson, R.2
  • 34
    • 0030095337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of background light on the human dark-adapted electroretinogram and physchophysical threshold
    • Frishman LJ, Reddy MG, Robson JG. 1996. Effects of background light on the human dark-adapted electroretinogram and physchophysical threshold. J Opt. Soc Am. 13:601-12
    • (1996) J Opt. Soc Am. , vol.13 , pp. 601-612
    • Frishman, L.J.1    Reddy, M.G.2    Robson, J.G.3
  • 35
    • 0028365553 scopus 로고
    • Simulations of X and Y retinal ganglion cell behavior with a nonlinear push-pull model of spatiotemporal retinal processing
    • Gaudiano P. 1994. Simulations of X and Y retinal ganglion cell behavior with a nonlinear push-pull model of spatiotemporal retinal processing. Vis. Res. 34:1767-84
    • (1994) Vis. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 1767-1784
    • Gaudiano, P.1
  • 36
    • 0017860974 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation, afterimage and cone saturation
    • Geisler WS. 1978. Adaptation, afterimage and cone saturation. Vis. Res. 18:279-89
    • (1978) Vis. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 279-289
    • Geisler, W.S.1
  • 37
    • 0018651767 scopus 로고
    • Initial-image and afterimage discrimination in the rod and cone system
    • Geisler WS. 1979. Initial-image and afterimage discrimination in the rod and cone system. J. Physiol. 294:165-79
    • (1979) J. Physiol. , vol.294 , pp. 165-179
    • Geisler, W.S.1
  • 38
    • 0019390512 scopus 로고
    • Effect of bleaching and backgrounds on the flash response of the cone system
    • Geisler WS. 1981. Effect of bleaching and backgrounds on the flash response of the cone system. J Physiol. 312:413-34
    • (1981) J Physiol. , vol.312 , pp. 413-434
    • Geisler, W.S.1
  • 39
    • 0024652875 scopus 로고
    • Sequential ideal-observer analysis of visual discriminations
    • Geisler WS. 1989. Sequential ideal-observer analysis of visual discriminations. Psychol Rev. 96:267-314
    • (1989) Psychol Rev. , vol.96 , pp. 267-314
    • Geisler, W.S.1
  • 40
    • 0029083727 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian analysis of identification performance in monkey visual cortex: Nonlinear mechanisms and stimulus certainty
    • Geisler WS, Albrecht DG. 1995. Bayesian analysis of identification performance in monkey visual cortex: nonlinear mechanisms and stimulus certainty. Vis. Res. 35: 2723-30
    • (1995) Vis. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 2723-2730
    • Geisler, W.S.1    Albrecht, D.G.2
  • 41
    • 0030064942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of photoreceptor spatial density and ganglion cell morphology in the retina of human, macaque monkey, cat, and the marmoset Callithrix jacchus
    • Goodchild AK, Ghosh KK, Martin PR. 1996. Comparison of photoreceptor spatial density and ganglion cell morphology in the retina of human, macaque monkey, cat, and the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. J. Comp. Neurol. 366:55-75
    • (1996) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.366 , pp. 55-75
    • Goodchild, A.K.1    Ghosh, K.K.2    Martin, P.R.3
  • 42
    • 0026525961 scopus 로고
    • Quantal noise and decision rules in dynamic models of light adaptation
    • Graham N, Hood DC. 1992a. Quantal noise and decision rules in dynamic models of light adaptation. Vis. Res. 32.779-87
    • (1992) Vis. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 779-787
    • Graham, N.1    Hood, D.C.2
  • 43
    • 0026704443 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the dynamics of light adaptation: The merging of two traditions
    • Graham N, Hood DC. 1992b. Modeling the dynamics of light adaptation: the merging of two traditions. Vis. Res. 32:1373-93
    • (1992) Vis. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 1373-1393
    • Graham, N.1    Hood, D.C.2
  • 46
    • 0023850926 scopus 로고
    • Cone interaction occurs in the parafovea under p-4 stimulus conditions
    • Haegerstrom-Portnoy G, Verdon W, Adams AJ. 1988. Cone interaction occurs in the parafovea under p-4 stimulus conditions. Vis. Res. 28:397-406
    • (1988) Vis. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 397-406
    • Haegerstrom-Portnoy, G.1    Verdon, W.2    Adams, A.J.3
  • 47
    • 0025305529 scopus 로고
    • Spatial interactions and models of adaptation
    • Hayhoe MM. 1990. Spatial interactions and models of adaptation. Vis. Res. 30:957-65
    • (1990) Vis. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 957-965
    • Hayhoe, M.M.1
  • 48
    • 0023635315 scopus 로고
    • The time-course of multiplicative and subtractive adaptation processes
    • Hayhoe MM, Benimoff NI, Hood DC. 1987. The time-course of multiplicative and subtractive adaptation processes. Vis. Res. 27: 1981-96
    • (1987) Vis. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1981-1996
    • Hayhoe, M.M.1    Benimoff, N.I.2    Hood, D.C.3
  • 49
    • 0026604565 scopus 로고
    • Subtractive processes in light adaptation
    • Hayhoe MM, Levin ME, Koshel RJ. 1992. Subtractive processes in light adaptation. Vis. Res. 32:323-33
    • (1992) Vis. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 323-333
    • Hayhoe, M.M.1    Levin, M.E.2    Koshel, R.J.3
  • 50
    • 1542582146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast-modulation flicker: Dynamics and spatial resolution of the light adaptation process
    • In press
    • He S, MacLeod DIA. 1997. Contrast-modulation flicker: dynamics and spatial resolution of the light adaptation process. Vis. Res. 37: In press
    • (1997) Vis. Res. , vol.37
    • He, S.1    MacLeod, D.I.A.2
  • 51
    • 0027199939 scopus 로고
    • Light adaptation of human rod receptors: The leading edge of the human a-wave and models of rod receptor activity
    • Hood DC, Birch DG. 1993a. Light adaptation of human rod receptors: the leading edge of the human a-wave and models of rod receptor activity. Vis. Res. 33:1605-18
    • (1993) Vis. Res. , vol.33 , pp. 1605-1618
    • Hood, D.C.1    Birch, D.G.2
  • 52
    • 0027664945 scopus 로고
    • Human cone receptor activity: The leading edge of the a-wave and models of receptor activity
    • Hood DC, Birch DG. 1993b. Human cone receptor activity: the leading edge of the a-wave and models of receptor activity. Vis. Neurosci. 10:857-71
    • (1993) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 857-871
    • Hood, D.C.1    Birch, D.G.2
  • 53
    • 0030096426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The b-wave of the scotopic (rod) ERG as a measure of the activity of human ON-bipolar ceils
    • Hood DC, Birch DG. 1996. The b-wave of the scotopic (rod) ERG as a measure of the activity of human ON-bipolar ceils. J. Opt. Soc.Am. 13:623-33
    • (1996) J. Opt. Soc.Am. , vol.13 , pp. 623-633
    • Hood, D.C.1    Birch, D.G.2
  • 54
    • 0002935918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trailing edge of the photoresponse from human cones derived using a two-flash ERG paradigm
    • Hood DC, Birch DG, Pepperberg D. 1996. The trailing edge of the photoresponse from human cones derived using a two-flash ERG paradigm. Vis. Sci. Appl. 1996 Opt. Soc. Am. Dig. Ser. 1:64-67
    • (1996) Vis. Sci. Appl. 1996 Opt. Soc. Am. Dig. Ser. , vol.1 , pp. 64-67
    • Hood, D.C.1    Birch, D.G.2    Pepperberg, D.3
  • 55
    • 0041102173 scopus 로고
    • A case for the revision of textbook models of color vision: The detection and appearance of small brief lights
    • ed. JD Mollon, LT Sharpe. London: Academic
    • Hood DC, Finkelstein MA. 1983. A case for the revision of textbook models of color vision: the detection and appearance of small brief lights. In Colour Vision: Physiology and Psychophysics, ed. JD Mollon, LT Sharpe, pp. 385-98. London: Academic
    • (1983) Colour Vision: Physiology and Psychophysics , pp. 385-398
    • Hood, D.C.1    Finkelstein, M.A.2
  • 57
    • 0018425504 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysical tests of models of the response-intensity function
    • Hood DC, Finkelstein MA, Buckingham E. 1979. Psychophysical tests of models of the response-intensity function. Vis. Res. 19:401-6
    • (1979) Vis. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 401-406
    • Hood, D.C.1    Finkelstein, M.A.2    Buckingham, E.3
  • 58
    • 1542477557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threshold fluctuations on temporally modulated backgrounds: A complex physiological explanation of a simple psychophysical finding
    • Abstr.
    • Hood DC, Graham N. 1997. Threshold fluctuations on temporally modulated backgrounds: a complex physiological explanation of a simple psychophysical finding. Suppl. Optics Photonics News 8:(Abstr.)
    • (1997) Suppl. Optics Photonics News , vol.8
    • Hood, D.C.1    Graham, N.2
  • 59
    • 0030910483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probed-sine wave paradigm: A test of models of light-adaptation dynamics
    • Hood DC, Graham N, von Wiegand T, Chase VM. 1997. Probed-sine wave paradigm: a test of models of light-adaptation dynamics. Vis. Res. 37:1177-91
    • (1997) Vis. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 1177-1191
    • Hood, D.C.1    Graham, N.2    Von Wiegand, T.3    Chase, V.M.4
  • 60
    • 0018181746 scopus 로고
    • Human cone saturation as a function of ambient intensity: A test of models of shifts in the dynamic range
    • Hood DC, lives T, Maurer E, Wandell B, Buckingham E. 1978. Human cone saturation as a function of ambient intensity: a test of models of shifts in the dynamic range. Vis. Res. 18:983-93
    • (1978) Vis. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 983-993
    • Hood, D.C.1    Lives, T.2    Maurer, E.3    Wandell, B.4    Buckingham, E.5
  • 62
    • 0020002095 scopus 로고
    • X and Y cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque monkeys
    • Kaplan E, Shapley R. 1982. X and Y cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque monkeys. J Physiol. 330:125-43
    • (1982) J Physiol. , vol.330 , pp. 125-143
    • Kaplan, E.1    Shapley, R.2
  • 63
    • 0021241298 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the S (slow) potential in the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus
    • Kaplan E, Shapley R. 1984. The origin of the S (slow) potential in the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus. Exp Brain Res. 55: 111-16
    • (1984) Exp Brain Res. , vol.55 , pp. 111-116
    • Kaplan, E.1    Shapley, R.2
  • 64
    • 0344190968 scopus 로고
    • The primate retina contains two types of ganglion cells, with high and low contrast sensitivity
    • Kaplan E, Shapley RM. 1986. The primate retina contains two types of ganglion cells, with high and low contrast sensitivity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83:2755-57
    • (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , pp. 2755-2757
    • Kaplan, E.1    Shapley, R.M.2
  • 65
    • 0015277851 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation effects on spatio-temporal sine-wave thresholds
    • Kelly DH. 1972. Adaptation effects on spatio-temporal sine-wave thresholds. Vis. Res. 12:89-101
    • (1972) Vis. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 89-101
    • Kelly, D.H.1
  • 66
    • 0018040919 scopus 로고
    • Theory of flicker and transient responses. III. An essential nonlinearity
    • Kelly DH, Savoie RE. 1978. Theory of flicker and transient responses. III. An essential nonlinearity. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68:1481-90
    • (1978) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.68 , pp. 1481-1490
    • Kelly, D.H.1    Savoie, R.E.2
  • 67
    • 0017520906 scopus 로고
    • Two-band model of heterochromatic flicker
    • Kelly DH, von Norren D. 1977. Two-band model of heterochromatic flicker. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67:1081-91
    • (1977) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.67 , pp. 1081-1091
    • Kelly, D.H.1    Von Norren, D.2
  • 68
    • 0016248666 scopus 로고
    • The use of photopic saturation in determining the fundamental spectral sensitivity curves
    • King-Smith PE, Webb JR. 1974. The use of photopic saturation in determining the fundamental spectral sensitivity curves. Vis. Res 14:421-29
    • (1974) Vis. Res , vol.14 , pp. 421-429
    • King-Smith, P.E.1    Webb, J.R.2
  • 69
    • 0028231234 scopus 로고
    • The architecture of functional neural circuits in the vertebrate retina
    • Kolb H. 1994. The architecture of functional neural circuits in the vertebrate retina. Invest. Ophthal Vis. Sci 35:2385-404
    • (1994) Invest. Ophthal Vis. Sci , vol.35 , pp. 2385-2404
    • Kolb, H.1
  • 70
    • 0028989097 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation mechanisms in spatial vision - II. Flash thresholds and background adaptation
    • Kortum PT, Geisler WS. 1995. Adaptation mechanisms in spatial vision - II. Flash thresholds and background adaptation. Vis. Res. 35:1595-609
    • (1995) Vis. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 1595-1609
    • Kortum, P.T.1    Geisler, W.S.2
  • 71
  • 72
    • 0018962599 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination and detection of changes in luminance
    • Krauskopf J. 1980. Discrimination and detection of changes in luminance. Vis. Res. 20:671-77
    • (1980) Vis. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 671-677
    • Krauskopf, J.1
  • 73
    • 0042204079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher order color mechanism
    • ed. KR Gegenfortner, LT Sharpe. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. In press
    • Krauskopf J. 1997. Higher order color mechanism. In Color Vision: from Molecular Genetics to Perception, ed. KR Gegenfortner, LT Sharpe. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. In press
    • (1997) Color Vision: From Molecular Genetics to Perception
    • Krauskopf, J.1
  • 75
    • 0027162042 scopus 로고
    • Responses of macaque ganglion cells and human observers to compound periodic waveforms
    • Kremers J, Lee BB, Pokorny J, Smith VC. 1993. Responses of macaque ganglion cells and human observers to compound periodic waveforms. Vis. Res 33: 1997-2011
    • (1993) Vis. Res , vol.33 , pp. 1997-2011
    • Kremers, J.1    Lee, B.B.2    Pokorny, J.3    Smith, V.C.4
  • 76
    • 0030040393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptive field structure in the primate retina
    • Lee BB. 1996. Receptive field structure in the primate retina. Vis. Res. 36:631-44
    • (1996) Vis. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 631-644
    • Lee, B.B.1
  • 77
    • 0343941846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tme course and cone specificity of adaptation in the primate outer retina
    • Abstr.
    • Lee BB, Dacey D, Smith V, Pokorny J. 1997. Tme course and cone specificity of adaptation in the primate outer retina. Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci. S1163 (Abstr.)
    • (1997) Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci.
    • Lee, B.B.1    Dacey, D.2    Smith, V.3    Pokorny, J.4
  • 78
    • 0027611419 scopus 로고
    • Physiological mechanisms underlying psychophysical sensitivity to combined luminance and chromatic modulation
    • Lee BB, Martin PR, Valberg A, Kremers J. 1993. Physiological mechanisms underlying psychophysical sensitivity to combined luminance and chromatic modulation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 10:1403-12
    • (1993) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.10 , pp. 1403-1412
    • Lee, B.B.1    Martin, P.R.2    Valberg, A.3    Kremers, J.4
  • 79
    • 0028134767 scopus 로고
    • Responses to pulses and sinusoids in macaque ganglion cells
    • Lee BB, Pokorny J, Smith VC, Kremers J. 1994. Responses to pulses and sinusoids in macaque ganglion cells. Vis. Res. 34: 3081-96
    • (1994) Vis. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 3081-3096
    • Lee, B.B.1    Pokorny, J.2    Smith, V.C.3    Kremers, J.4
  • 80
    • 0025654375 scopus 로고
    • Luminance and chromatic modulation sensitivity of macaque ganglion cells and human observers
    • Lee BB, Pokorny J, Smith VC, Martin PR, Valberg A. 1990. Luminance and chromatic modulation sensitivity of macaque ganglion cells and human observers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7:2223-36
    • (1990) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.7 , pp. 2223-2236
    • Lee, B.B.1    Pokorny, J.2    Smith, V.C.3    Martin, P.R.4    Valberg, A.5
  • 81
    • 0000426048 scopus 로고
    • Roles of M and P pathways
    • ed. R Shapley, DMK Lam. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Lennie P. 1993 Roles of M and P pathways. In Contrast Sensitivity, ed. R Shapley, DMK Lam, pp. 201-13. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • (1993) Contrast Sensitivity , pp. 201-213
    • Lennie, P.1
  • 84
    • 0018508110 scopus 로고
    • Chromaticity diagram showing cone excitation by stimuli of equal luminance
    • MacLeod DIA, Boynton RM. 1979. Chromaticity diagram showing cone excitation by stimuli of equal luminance. J Opt. Soc. Am. 69:1183-85
    • (1979) J Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.69 , pp. 1183-1185
    • MacLeod, D.I.A.1    Boynton, R.M.2
  • 86
    • 0031230253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fourier models and the loci of adaptation
    • Makous WL. 1997. Fourier models and the loci of adaptation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 14: 2323-45
    • (1997) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.14 , pp. 2323-2345
    • Makous, W.L.1
  • 87
    • 0001194647 scopus 로고
    • Wave form of flickering stimulus and visual masking function
    • Maruyama K, Takahashi M. 1977 Wave form of flickering stimulus and visual masking function. Tohoku Psychol. Folia 36:120-33
    • (1977) Tohoku Psychol. Folia , vol.36 , pp. 120-133
    • Maruyama, K.1    Takahashi, M.2
  • 88
    • 0027389144 scopus 로고
    • How parallel are the primate visual pathways?
    • Merigan WH, Maunsell JHR. 1993. How parallel are the primate visual pathways? Annu Rev Neurosci. 16:369-402
    • (1993) Annu Rev Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 369-402
    • Merigan, W.H.1    Maunsell, J.H.R.2
  • 89
    • 0028316601 scopus 로고
    • Magnocellular and parvocellular contributions to the responses of neurons in macaque striate cortex
    • Nealey TA, Maunsell JHR. 1994. Magnocellular and parvocellular contributions to the responses of neurons in macaque striate cortex. J. Neurosci. 14:2069-79
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 2069-2079
    • Nealey, T.A.1    Maunsell, J.H.R.2
  • 90
    • 0002091078 scopus 로고
    • The quantum efficiency of vision
    • ed. C Blakemore. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
    • Pelli DG. 1990. The quantum efficiency of vision. In Vision: Coding and Efficiency of Vision, ed. C Blakemore, pp. 3-24. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
    • (1990) Vision: Coding and Efficiency of Vision , pp. 3-24
    • Pelli, D.G.1
  • 91
    • 0030868289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoresponses of human rods in vivo derived from paired-flash electroretinograms
    • Pepperberg D, Birch DG, Hood DC. 1997. Photoresponses of human rods in vivo derived from paired-flash electroretinograms. Vis. Neurosci 14:73-82
    • (1997) Vis. Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 73-82
    • Pepperberg, D.1    Birch, D.G.2    Hood, D.C.3
  • 92
    • 0022842848 scopus 로고
    • The pi mechanisms of W S Stiles: An historical review
    • Pugh ENJ, Kirk DB. 1986. The pi mechanisms of W S Stiles: an historical review. Perception 15:705-28
    • (1986) Perception , vol.15 , pp. 705-728
    • Pugh, E.N.J.1    Kirk, D.B.2
  • 93
    • 0018333763 scopus 로고
    • A theory of the p1 and p3 color mechanisms of Stiles
    • Pugh ENJ, Mollon JD. 1979. A theory of the p1 and p3 color mechanisms of Stiles. Vis. Res. 19:293-312
    • (1979) Vis. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 293-312
    • Pugh, E.N.J.1    Mollon, J.D.2
  • 94
    • 0005348559 scopus 로고
    • Background light and the contrast gain of primate P and M retinal ganglion cells
    • Purpura K, Kaplan E, Shapley RM. 1988. Background light and the contrast gain of primate P and M retinal ganglion cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85:4534-37
    • (1988) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.85 , pp. 4534-4537
    • Purpura, K.1    Kaplan, E.2    Shapley, R.M.3
  • 95
    • 0025238059 scopus 로고
    • Light adaptation in the primate retina: Analysis of changes in gain and dynamics of monkey retinal ganglion cells
    • Purpura K, Tranchina D, Kaplan E, Shapley RM. 1990. Light adaptation in the primate retina: analysis of changes in gain and dynamics of monkey retinal ganglion cells. Vis. Neurosci 4 75-93
    • (1990) Vis. Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 75-93
    • Purpura, K.1    Tranchina, D.2    Kaplan, E.3    Shapley, R.M.4
  • 96
    • 0019944731 scopus 로고
    • Central connections of the retinal on and off pathways
    • Schiller PH. 1982. Central connections of the retinal ON and OFF pathways. Nature 297: 580-83
    • (1982) Nature , vol.297 , pp. 580-583
    • Schiller, P.H.1
  • 97
    • 0026541656 scopus 로고
    • The on and off channels of the visual system
    • Schiller PH. 1992. The ON and OFF channels of the visual system. Trends Neurosci. 15: 86-92
    • (1992) Trends Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 86-92
    • Schiller, P.H.1
  • 98
    • 0025163495 scopus 로고
    • Visual transduction in cones of the monkey Macaca fascicularis
    • Schnapf JL, Nunn BJ, Meister M, Baylor DA. 1990. Visual transduction in cones of the monkey Macaca fascicularis J. Physiol. 427:681-713
    • (1990) J. Physiol. , vol.427 , pp. 681-713
    • Schnapf, J.L.1    Nunn, B.J.2    Meister, M.3    Baylor, D.A.4
  • 99
    • 0029024386 scopus 로고
    • Photovoltage of rods and cones in the macaque retina
    • Schneeweis D, Schnapf J. 1995. Photovoltage of rods and cones in the macaque retina. Science 268:1053-56
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1053-1056
    • Schneeweis, D.1    Schnapf, J.2
  • 100
    • 0027099648 scopus 로고
    • Temporal frequency dependent adaptation at the level of the outer retina in humans
    • Seiple WH, Holopigian K, Greenstein V, Hood DC. 1992. Temporal frequency dependent adaptation at the level of the outer retina in humans. Vis. Res. 32:2043-48
    • (1992) Vis. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 2043-2048
    • Seiple, W.H.1    Holopigian, K.2    Greenstein, V.3    Hood, D.C.4
  • 102
    • 0030130046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual information processing in primate cone pathways - Part I: A model
    • Shah S, Levine MD. 1996a. Visual information processing in primate cone pathways - part I: a model. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 26:259-74
    • (1996) IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. , vol.26 , pp. 259-274
    • Shah, S.1    Levine, M.D.2
  • 103
    • 0030126565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual information processing in primate cone pathways - Part II: Experiments
    • Shah S, Levine MD. 1996b. Visual information processing in primate cone pathways - part II: experiments. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 26:275-89
    • (1996) IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. , vol.26 , pp. 275-289
    • Shah, S.1    Levine, M.D.2
  • 104
    • 0027048391 scopus 로고
    • The effects of prolonged temporal modulation on the differential response of color mechanisms
    • Shapiro A, Zaidi Q. 1992. The effects of prolonged temporal modulation on the differential response of color mechanisms. Vis. Res. 32:2065-75
    • (1992) Vis. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 2065-2075
    • Shapiro, A.1    Zaidi, Q.2
  • 106
    • 0018196326 scopus 로고
    • The effect of contrast on the transfer properties of cat ganglion cells
    • Shapley RM, Victor JD. 1978. The effect of contrast on the transfer properties of cat ganglion cells. J. Physiol. 285:275-98
    • (1978) J. Physiol. , vol.285 , pp. 275-298
    • Shapley, R.M.1    Victor, J.D.2
  • 107
    • 0027078546 scopus 로고
    • Responses of macaque ganglion cells to the relative phase of heterochromatically modulated lights
    • Smith VC, Lee BB, Pokorny J, Martin PR, Valberg A. 1992. Responses of macaque ganglion cells to the relative phase of heterochromatically modulated lights. J. Physiol. 458:191-221
    • (1992) J. Physiol. , vol.458 , pp. 191-221
    • Smith, V.C.1    Lee, B.B.2    Pokorny, J.3    Martin, P.R.4    Valberg, A.5
  • 108
    • 0014318712 scopus 로고
    • Model for visual luminance discrimination and flicker detection
    • Sperling G, Sondhi MM. 1968. Model for visual luminance discrimination and flicker detection. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58:1133-45
    • (1968) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.58 , pp. 1133-1145
    • Sperling, G.1    Sondhi, M.M.2
  • 109
    • 1542792179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retina
    • ed. GM Shepherd. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 4th ed. In press
    • Sterling P. 1997. Retina. In Synoptic Organization of the Brain, ed. GM Shepherd. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 4th ed. In press
    • (1997) Synoptic Organization of the Brain
    • Sterling, P.1
  • 112
    • 0022844743 scopus 로고
    • The spectral sensitivities of the middle- and long-wavelength cones: An extension of the two-colour threshold technique of W S Stiles
    • Stockman A, Mollon J. 1986. The spectral sensitivities of the middle-and long-wavelength cones: an extension of the two-colour threshold technique of W S Stiles. Perception 15:729-54
    • (1986) Perception , vol.15 , pp. 729-754
    • Stockman, A.1    Mollon, J.2
  • 113
    • 0001843356 scopus 로고
    • Time, color, and phase
    • ed. DH Kelly. New York: Dekker
    • Swanson WH. 1994 Time, color, and phase. In Visual Science and Engineering, ed. DH Kelly, pp. 191-225. New York: Dekker
    • (1994) Visual Science and Engineering , pp. 191-225
    • Swanson, W.H.1
  • 114
    • 0023429339 scopus 로고
    • Temporal modulation sensitivity and pulse detection thresholds for chromatic and luminance perturbations
    • Swanson WH, Ueno T, Smith VC, Pokorny J. 1987. Temporal modulation sensitivity and pulse detection thresholds for chromatic and luminance perturbations. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 4:1992-2005
    • (1987) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.4 , pp. 1992-2005
    • Swanson, W.H.1    Ueno, T.2    Smith, V.C.3    Pokorny, J.4
  • 115
    • 0021716590 scopus 로고
    • Linking propositions
    • Teller DY. 1984. Linking propositions. Vis. Res. 24:1233-46
    • (1984) Vis. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 1233-1246
    • Teller, D.Y.1
  • 116
    • 0021215492 scopus 로고
    • Retinal light adaptation-evidence for a feedback mechanism
    • Tranchina D, Gordon J, Shapley R. 1984. Retinal light adaptation-evidence for a feedback mechanism. Nature 310:314-16
    • (1984) Nature , vol.310 , pp. 314-316
    • Tranchina, D.1    Gordon, J.2    Shapley, R.3
  • 117
    • 0024184756 scopus 로고
    • Light adaptation in the turtle retina: Embedding a parametric family of linear models in a single nonlinear model
    • Tranchina D, Peskin C. 1988. Light adaptation in the turtle retina: embedding a parametric family of linear models in a single nonlinear model. Vis. Neurosci. 1:339-48
    • (1988) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 339-348
    • Tranchina, D.1    Peskin, C.2
  • 118
    • 0028045337 scopus 로고
    • Steady discharges of macaque retinal ganglion cells
    • Troy JB, Lee BB. 1994. Steady discharges of macaque retinal ganglion cells. Vis. Neurosci. 11:111-18
    • (1994) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 111-118
    • Troy, J.B.1    Lee, B.B.2
  • 119
  • 120
    • 0030220694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saturation revealed by clamping the gain of the retinal light response
    • Tyler CW, Liu L. 1996. Saturation revealed by clamping the gain of the retinal light response. Vis. Res. 36:2553-62
    • (1996) Vis. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 2553-2562
    • Tyler, C.W.1    Liu, L.2
  • 122
    • 0021061060 scopus 로고
    • Light adaptation of primate cones: An analysis based upon extracellular data
    • Valeton JM, van Norren D. 1983. Light adaptation of primate cones: an analysis based upon extracellular data. Vis. Res. 23: 1539-47
    • (1983) Vis. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 1539-1547
    • Valeton, J.M.1    Van Norren, D.2
  • 123
    • 0030540999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gain control and hyperpolarization level in cat horizontal cells as a function of light and dark adaptation
    • van de Grind WA, Lankheet MJM, van Wezel RJA, Rowe MH, Hulleman J. 1996. Gain control and hyperpolarization level in cat horizontal cells as a function of light and dark adaptation. Vis. Res. 36:3969-85
    • (1996) Vis. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 3969-3985
    • Van De Grind, W.A.1    Lankheet, M.J.M.2    Van Wezel, R.J.A.3    Rowe, M.H.4    Hulleman, J.5
  • 124
    • 0020603392 scopus 로고
    • Light adaptation in cells of macaque lateral geniculate nucleus and its relation to human light adaptation
    • Virsu V, Lee BB. 1983. Light adaptation in cells of macaque lateral geniculate nucleus and its relation to human light adaptation. J. Neurophys. 50:864-77
    • (1983) J. Neurophys. , vol.50 , pp. 864-877
    • Virsu, V.1    Lee, B.B.2
  • 125
    • 0029160435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing a computational model of light-adaptation dynamics
    • von Wiegand T, Hood DC, Graham N. 1996. Testing a computational model of light-adaptation dynamics. Vis. Res. 35: 3037-51
    • (1996) Vis. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 3037-3051
    • Von Wiegand, T.1    Hood, D.C.2    Graham, N.3
  • 127
    • 0018934274 scopus 로고
    • Detection of long-duration, long-wavelength incremental flashes by a chromatically coded pathway
    • Wandell BA, Pugh ENJ. 1980. Detection of long-duration, long-wavelength incremental flashes by a chromatically coded pathway. Vis. Res. 20:625-36
    • (1980) Vis. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 625-636
    • Wandell, B.A.1    Pugh, E.N.J.2
  • 128
    • 0025822368 scopus 로고
    • Functional architecture of the mammalian retina
    • Wassle H, Boycott BB. 1991. Functional architecture of the mammalian retina. Physiol. Rev. 71:447-80
    • (1991) Physiol. Rev. , vol.71 , pp. 447-480
    • Wassle, H.1    Boycott, B.B.2
  • 129
    • 0024455743 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal cells in the monkey retina: Cone connections and dendritic network
    • Wassle H, Boycott BB, Rohrenbeck J. 1989. Horizontal cells in the monkey retina: cone connections and dendritic network. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1:421-35
    • (1989) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 421-435
    • Wassle, H.1    Boycott, B.B.2    Rohrenbeck, J.3
  • 131
    • 0026462326 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of contrast sensitivity in linear visual networks
    • Watson AB. 1992. Transfer of contrast sensitivity in linear visual networks. Vis. Neurosci. 8:65-76
    • (1992) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 65-76
    • Watson, A.B.1
  • 132
    • 0031148187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neural model of foveal light adaptation and afterimage formation
    • Wilson HR. 1997. A neural model of foveal light adaptation and afterimage formation. Vis. Neurosci. 14:403-23
    • (1997) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 403-423
    • Wilson, H.R.1
  • 133
    • 0031228471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid sensitivity changes on flickering backgrounds: Tests of models of light adpatation
    • Wu S, Burns SA, Elsner AE, Eskew RT, He J. 1997. Rapid sensitivity changes on flickering backgrounds: tests of models of light adpatation. J Opt. Soc. Am. 14:2367-78
    • (1997) J Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.14 , pp. 2367-2378
    • Wu, S.1    Burns, S.A.2    Elsner, A.E.3    Eskew, R.T.4    He, J.5
  • 134
    • 0029992028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of adaptation in Macaque retinal ganglion cells
    • Yeh T, Lee BB, Kremers J. 1996. Time course of adaptation in Macaque retinal ganglion cells. Vis. Res. 36:913-31
    • (1996) Vis. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 913-931
    • Yeh, T.1    Lee, B.B.2    Kremers, J.3
  • 135
    • 0027166141 scopus 로고
    • Chromatic discrimination with variation in chromaticity and luminance: Data and theory
    • Yeh T, Pokoray J, Smith VC. 1993. Chromatic discrimination with variation in chromaticity and luminance: data and theory. Vis. Res 33:1835-45
    • (1993) Vis. Res , vol.33 , pp. 1835-1845
    • Yeh, T.1    Pokoray, J.2    Smith, V.C.3
  • 136
    • 0027766097 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive orthogonalization of opponent-color signals
    • Zaidi Q, Shapiro AG. 1993. Adaptive orthogonalization of opponent-color signals. Biol. Cybern. 69:415-28
    • (1993) Biol. Cybern. , vol.69 , pp. 415-428
    • Zaidi, Q.1    Shapiro, A.G.2
  • 137
    • 0026719059 scopus 로고
    • The effect of adaptation on the differential sensitivity of the S-cone color system
    • Zaidi Q, Shapiro AG, Hood DC. 1992. The effect of adaptation on the differential sensitivity of the S-cone color system. Vis. Res. 32:1297-318
    • (1992) Vis. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 1297-1318
    • Zaidi, Q.1    Shapiro, A.G.2    Hood, D.C.3
  • 138
    • 0024182115 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetries in on and off visual pathways of humans revealed using contrast-evoked cortical potentials
    • Zemon V, Gordon J, Welch J. 1988. Asymmetries in ON and OFF visual pathways of humans revealed using contrast-evoked cortical potentials. Vis. Neurosci. 1:145-50
    • (1988) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 145-150
    • Zemon, V.1    Gordon, J.2    Welch, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.