Cytokine gene theraphy for human tumors

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 537-563

  D'Angelica, M ^a   Fong, Y ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 7; LIGAND; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR VACCINE; VIRUS DNA; VIRUS RNA; VIRUS VECTOR; CANCER VACCINE;

ADENO ASSOCIATED VIRUS; ADENOVIRUS; BIOLISTIC TRANSFORMATION; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; ELECTROPORATION; FIBROBLAST; GENE FUSION; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HUMAN; RETROVIRUS; REVIEW; TUMOR ASSOCIATED LEUKOCYTE; VACCINIA VIRUS; GENE VECTOR; METHODOLOGY; NEOPLASM;

CANCER VACCINES; CYTOKINES; GENE THERAPY; GENETIC VECTORS; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0031596382     PISSN: 10553207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s1055-3207(18)30259-x     Document Type: Review

References (199)

1. Acsadi G. Dickson G. Love D.R. Human dystrophin expression in MDX mice after intramuscular injection of DNA constructs Nature 352 1991 815
2. Addison C.L. Braciak T. Ralston R. Intratumoral injection of an adenovirus expressing interleukin 2 induces regression and immunity in a murine breast cancer model Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 1995 8522
3. Allione A. Consalvo M. Nanni P. Immunizing and curative potential of replicating and nonreplicating murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells engineered with interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and gamma-interferon gene or admixed with conventional adjuvants Cancer Res 54 1994 6022
4. Andreason G.L. Evans G.A. Introduction and expression of DNA molecules in eukaryotic cells by electroporation BioTechniques 6 1988 650
5. Aoki T. Tashiro K. Miyatake S. Expression of murine interleukin 7 in a murine glioma cell line results in reduced tumorigenicity in vivo Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 1992 3850
6. Appasamy P.M. Interleukin-7: Biology and potential clinical applications Cancer Invest 11 1993 487
7. Asher A.L. Mule J.J. Kasid A. Murine tumor cells transduced with the gene for tumor necrosis alpha: Evidence for paracrine immune effects of tumor necrosis factor against tumors J Immunol 146 1991 3227
8. Bannerji R. Arroyo C.D. Cordon-Cardo C. The role of IL-2 secreted from genetically modified tumor cells in the establishment of antitumor immunity J Immunol 152 1994 2324
9. Berkner K.L. Development of adenovirus vectors for the expression of heterologous genes BioTechniques 6 1988 616
10. Berkner K.L. Expression of heterologous sequences in adenoviral vectors Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 158 1992 39
11. Berns K.I. Giraud C. Biology of adeno-associated virus Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 218 1996 1
12. Blankenstein T. Qin Z. Uberla K. Tumor suppression after tumor cell-targeted tumor necrosis factor alpha gene transfer J Exp Med 173 1991 1047
13. Bramson J.L. Hitt M. Addison C.L. Direct intratumoral injection of an adenovirus expressing interleukin-12 induces regression and long-lasting immunity that is associated with highly localized expression of interleukin-12 Hum Gene Ther 7 1996 1995
14. Brody S.L. Jaffe H.A. Han S.K. Direct in vivo gene transfer and expression in malignant cells using adenovirus vectors Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 437
15. Brunda M.J. Gately M.K. Antitumor activity of interleukin-12 Clin Immunol Immuno- pathol 71 1994 253
16. Budker V. Zhang G. Knechtle S. Naked DNA delivered intraportally expressed efficiently in hepatocytes Gene Therapy 3 1996 593
17. Cao G. Kuriyama S. Du P. Complete regression of established murine hepatocellular carcinoma by in vivo tumor necrosis factor alpha gene transfer Gastroenterology 112 1997 501
18. Carswell E.A. Old L.J. Kassel R.L. An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72 1975 3666
19. Caruso M. Pham-Nguyen K. Kwong Y. Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene therapy for metastatic colon carcinoma Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 1996 11302
20. Cavallo F. Giovarelli M. Gulino A. Role of neutrophils and CD4 positive T lymphocytes in the primary and memory response to nonimmunogenic murine mammary adenocarcinoma made immunogenic by IL-2 gene J Immunol 149 1992 3627
21. Chen L. Tourvielle B. Burns G.F. Interferon: A cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation signal Eur J Immunol 16 1986 767
22. Collins T. LaPierre L.A. Fiers W. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor increases mRNA levels and surface expression of HLA-A,B antigens in vascular endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts in vitro Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83 1986 446
23. Colombo M.P. Modesti A. Parmiani G. Local cytokine availability elicits tumor rejection and systemic immunity through granulocyte-T-lymphocyte cross-talk Cancer Res 52 1992 4853
24. Connor J. Bannerji R. Saito S. Regression of bladder tumors in mice treated with interleukin 2 gene modified tumor cells J Exp Med 177 1993 1127
25. Cooper M.J. Noninfectious gene transfer and expression systems for cancer gene therapy Semin Oncol 23 1996 172
26. Cotten M. Langle-Rouault F. Kirlappos H. Transferrin-polycation-mediated introduction of DNA into human leukemic cells: Stimulation by agents that affect the survival of transfected DNA or modulate transferrin receptor levels Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 1990 4033
27. Curiel D.T. Wagner E. Cotten M. High-efficiency gene transfer mediated by adenovirus coupled to DNA-polylysine complexes Hum Gene Ther 3 1992 147
28. D’Andrea A. Rengaraju M. Valiante N.M. Production of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (interleukin 12) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells J Exp Med 176 1992 1387
29. Donahue R.E. Kessler S.W. Bodine D. Helper virus induced T cell lymphoma in nonhuman primates after retroviral mediated gene transfer J Exp Med 176 1992 1125
30. Dranoff G. Jaffee E. Lazenby A. Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 1993 3539
31. Dubinett S.M. Huang M. Dhanani S. Interleukin 7 downregulates fibrosarcoma production of transforming growth factor-beta Proceeding of the American Association for Cancer Research 34 1993 462
32. Dustin M.L. Rothlein R. Bhan A.K. Induction by IL 1 and interferon-gamma: Tissue distribution, biochemistry, and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1) J Immunol 137 1986 245
33. Eglitis M.A. Anderson W.F. Retroviral vectors for introduction of genes into mammalian cells BioTechniques 6 1988 608
34. Elder E.M. Lotze M.T. Whiteside T.L. Successful culture and selection of cytokine gene- modified human dermal fibroblasts for the biologic therapy of patients with cancer Hum Gene Ther 7 1996 479
35. Elkins K.L. Ennist D.L. Winegar R.K. In vivo delivery of interleukin-4 by a recombinant vaccinia virus prevents tumor development in mice Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 809
36. Ettinghausen S. Rosenberg S.A. Immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer Adv Surg 28 1995 223
37. Fakhrai H. Shawler D.L. Gjerset R. Cytokine gene therapy with interleukin-2- transduced fibroblasts: Effects of IL-2 dose on anti-tumor immunity Hum Gene Ther 6 1995 591
38. Fearon E.R. Pardoll D.M. Itaya T. Interleukin-2 production by tumor cells bypasses T helper function in the generation of an antitumor response Cell 60 1990 397
39. Feigner P.L. Ringold G.M. Cationic liposome-mediated transfection Nature 337 1989 387
40. Fernandez-Botran R. Sanders V.M. Oliver K.G. Interleukin 4 mediates autocrine growth of helper T cells after antigenic stimulation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83 1986 9689
41. Fink D.J. Glorioso J.C. Herpes simplex virus-based vectors: Problems and some solutions Adv Neurol 72 1997 149
42. Flotte T.R. Carter B.J. Adeno-associated virus vectors for gene therapy Gene Therapy 2 1995 357
43. Fong Y.F. Federoff H.J. Brownlee M. Rapid and efficient gene transfer in human hepatocytes by herpes viral vectors Hepatology 22 1995 723
44. Fynan E.F. Webster R.G. Fuller D.H. DNA vaccines: Protective immunizations by parenteral, mucosal, and gene-gun inoculations Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 1993 11478
45. Gansbacher B. Clinical application of immunostimulatory gene transfer Eur J Cancer 30A 1994 1187
46. Gansbacher B. Bannerji R. Daniels B. Retroviral vector-mediated gamma-interferon gene transfer into tumor cells generates potent and long lasting antitumor immunity Cancer Res 50 1990 7820
47. Gansbacher B. Zier K. Cronin K. Retroviral gene transfer induced constitutive expression of interleukin-2 or interferon-gamma in irradiated human melanoma cells Blood 80 1992 2817
48. Gansbacher B. Zier K. Daniels B. Interleukin 2 gene transfer into tumor cells abrogates tumorigenicity and induces protective immunity J Exp Med 172 1990 1217
49. Gao X. Huang L. Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer Gene Therapy 2 1995 710
50. Gasson J.C. Weisbart R.H. Kaufman S.E. Purified human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: Direct action on neutrophils Science 226 1984 1339
51. Gastl G. Finstad C.L. Guarini A. Retroviral vector-mediated lymphokine transfer into human renal cancer cells Cancer Res 52 1992 6229
52. Gately M.K. Interleukin 12: A recently discovered cytokine with potential for enhancing cell-mediated immune responses to tumors Cancer Invest 11 1993 500
53. Geller A.I. Herpes simplex virus-1 plasmid vectors for gene transfer into neurons Adv Neurol 72 1997 143
54. Geller A.I. Federoff H. The use of HSV-1 vectors to introduce heterologous genes into neurons: Implications for gene therapy Cohen-Haguenauer M. Boiron M. Human Gene Transfer 1991 John Libbey Eurotext Montrouge, France 63
55. Geller A.I. Keyomarsi K. Bryan J. An efficient deletion mutant packaging system for defective herpes simplex virus vectors: Potential applications to human gene therapy and neuronal physiology Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 1990 8950
56. Gilboa E. Lyerly H.K. Vieweg J. Immunotherapy of cancer using cytokine genemodified tumor vaccines Semin Cancer Biol 5 1994 409
57. Gillio A. Cignetti A. Rovera G. Retroviral vector-mediated transfer of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene into human cancer cells restores an apoptotic cell death program and induces a bystander-killing effect Blood 87 1996 2486
58. Glick R.P. Lichtor T. Kim T.S. Fibroblasts genetically engineered to secrete cytokines suppress tumor growth and induce antitumor immunity to a murine glioma in vivo Neurosurgery 36 1995 548
59. Glorioso J.C. Goins W.F. Fink D.J. Herpes simplex virus-based vectors Seminars in Virology 3 1992 265
60. Golumbek P. Lazenby A. Levitsky H.I. Treatment of established renal cancer by tumor cells engineered to secrete interleukin-4 Science 254 1991 713
61. Graham F.L. Van Der Eb A.J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA Virology 52 1973 456
62. Grimm E.A. Mazumder A. Zhang H.Z. Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon J Exp Med 155 1982 1823
63. Gunji Y. Tagawa M. Matsubara H. Antitumor effect induced by the expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor gene in murine colon carcinoma cells Cancer Lett 101 1996 257
64. Havell E.A. Fiers W. North R.J. The antitumor function of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) J Exp Med 167 1988 1067
65. Heike Y. Takahashi M. Kanegae Y. Interleukin-2 gene transduction into freshly isolated lung adenocarcinoma cells with adenoviral vectors Hum Gene Ther 8 1997 1
66. Herberman R.B. Interleukin-2 therapy of human cancer: Potential benefits versus toxicity J Clin Oncol 7 1989 1
67. Hickman M.A. Malone R.W. Lehmann-Bruinsma K. Gene expression following direct injection of DNA into the liver Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 1477
68. Ho D.Y. Amplicon-based herpes simplex virus vectors Methods Cell Biol 43 1994 191
69. Hock H. Dorsch M. Diamantstein T. Interleukin 7 induces CD4 + T cell-dependent tumor rejection J Exp Med 174 1991 1291
70. Howard M. Farrar J. Hilfiker M. Identification of a T cell-derived B cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2 J Exp Med 155 1982 914
71. Huang H. Chen S.H. Kosai K. Gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Longterm remission of primary and metastatic tumors in mice by interleukin-2 gene therapy in vivo Gene Therapy 3 1996 980
72. Huard J. Goins W.F. Glorioso J.C. Herpes simplex virus type 1 vector mediated gene transfer to muscle Gene Therapy 2 1995 385
73. Hug P. Sleight R.G. Liposomes for the transformation of eukaryotic cells Biochim Biophys Acta 1097 1991 1
74. Hurford R.K. Dranoff G. Mulligan R.C. Gene therapy of metastatic cancer by in vivo retroviral gene targeting Nat Genet 10 1995 430
75. Hwu P. Rosenberg S.A. Gene therapy of cancer De Vita V.T. Heilman S. Rosenberg S.A. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology 1997 Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia 3005
76. Hwu P. Yannelli J. Kriegler M. Functional and molecular characterization of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes transduced with tumor necrosis factor alpha cDNA for the gene therapy of cancer in humans J Immunol 150 1993 4104
77. Irvine K.R. Rao J.B. Rosenberg S.A. Cytokine enhancement of DNA immunization leads to effective treatment of established pulmonary metastases J Immunol 156 1996 238
78. Itoh Y. Koshita Y. Takahashi M. Characterization of tumor-necrosis factor-genetransduced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from ascitic fluid of cancer patients: Analysis of cytolytic activity, growth rate, adhesion molecule expression and cytokine expression Cancer Immunol Immunother 40 1995 95
79. Iwanuma Y. Kato K. Yagita H. Induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells by tumor cells transfected with the interleukin-2 gene Cancer Immunol Immunother 40 1995 17
80. Jablons D.M. Mule J.J. McIntosh J.K. IL-6/IFN-beta-2 as a circulating hormone: Induction by cytokine administration in humans J Immunol 142 1989 1542
81. Johnson P.A. Friedmann T. Replication-defective recombinant herpes simplex virus vectors Roth M.G. Methods in Cell Biology 1994 Academic Press San Diego 211
82. Johnson P.A. Miyanohara A. Levine F. Cytotoxicity of a replication-defective mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 J Virol 66 1992 2952
83. Johnston S.A. Tang D. Gene gun transfection of animal cells and genetic immunization Methods Cell Biol 43 1994 353
84. Jolly D. Viral vector systems for gene therapy Cancer Gene Therapy 1 1994 51
85. Karp S.E. Farber A. Salo J.C. Cytokine secretion by genetically modified nonim- munogenic murine fibrosarcoma: Tumor inhibition by IL-2 but not tumor necrosis factor J Immunol 150 1993 896
86. Karpoff H. D’Angelica M. Blair S. Prevention of hepatic tumor metastases in rats with herpes viral vaccines and gamma-interferon J Clin Invest 99 1997 799
87. Kato S. Anderson R.A. Camerini-Otero R.D. Foreign DNA introduced by calcium phosphate is integrated into repetitive DNA elements of the mouse L cell genome Mol Cell Biol 6 1986 1787
88. Kim T.S. Cohen E.P. Interleukin-2-secreting mouse fibroblasts transfected with genomic DNA from murine melanoma cells prolong the survival of mice with melanoma Cancer Res 54 1994 2531
89. Kotin R.M. Siniscalco M. Samulski R.J. Site-specific integration by adeno-associated virus Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 1990 2211
90. Lam J.S. Reeves M.E. Cowherd R. Improved gene transfer into human lymphocytes using retroviruses with the Gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope Hum Gene Ther 7 1996 1415
91. Lattime E.C. Lee S.S. Eiseniohr L.C. In situ cytokine gene transfection using vaccinia virus vectors Semin Oncol 23 1996 88
92. Lebkowski J.S. McNally M.M. Okarma T.B. Adeno-associated virus: A vector system for efficient introduction and integration of DNA into a variety of mammalian cell types Mol Cell Biol 8 1988 3988
93. Levitsky H. Lazenby A. Hayashi R.J. In vivo priming of two distinct antitumor effector populations: The role of MHC class I expression J Exp Med 179 1994 1215
94. Ley V. Langlade-Demoyen P. Kourilsky P. Interleukin 2-dependant activation of tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo Eur J Immunol 21 1991 851
95. Li W. Diamantstein T. Blankenstein T. Lack of tumorigenicity of interleukin 4 autocrine growing cells seems related to the anti-tumor function of interleukin 4 Mol Immunol 27 1990 1331
96. Linden R.M. Ward P. Giraud C. Site-specific integration by adeno-associated virus Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 1996 11288
97. Lotz M. Interleukin-6 Cancer Invest 11 1993 732
98. Lotze M.T. Rubin J.T. Gene therapy of cancer: A pilot study of IL-4-gene-modified fibroblasts admixed with autologous tumor to elicit an immune response Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 41
99. Lotze M.T. Chang A.E. Seipp C.A. High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 in the treatment of patients with disseminated cancer JAMA 256 1986 3117
100. Mackiewicz A. Gorny A. Laciak M. Gene therapy of human melanoma: Immunization of patients with autologous tumor cells admixed with allogeneic melanoma cells secreting interleukin 6 and soluble interleukin 6 receptor Hum Gene Ther 6 1995 805
101. Mahvi D.M. Burkholder J.K. Turner J. Particle-mediated gene transfer of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor cDNA to tumor cells: Implications for a clinically relevant tumor vaccine Hum Gene Ther 7 1996 1535
102. Manthorpe M. Cornefert-Jensen F. Hartikka J. Gene therapy by intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA: Studies on firefly luciferase gene expression in mice Hum Gene Ther 4 1993 419
103. Maraskovsky E. Chen W. Shortman K. IL-2 and IFN-gamma are two necessary lym- phokines in the development of cytolytic T cells J Immunol 143 1989 1210
104. Marconi P. Krisky D. Oligino T. Replication-defective herpes simplex virus vectors for gene transfer in vivo Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 1996 11319
105. Marincola F.M. Ettinghausen S. Cohen P.A. Treatment of established lung metastases with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from a poorly immunogenic tumor engineered to secrete human TNF-alpha J Immunol 152 1994 3501
106. Martinotti A. Stoppacciaro A. Vagliani M. CD4 T cells inhibit in vivo the CD8- mediated immune response against murine colon carcinoma cells transduced with interleukin-12 genes Eur J Immunol 25 1995 137
107. McBride W.H. Thacker J.D. Comora S. Genetic modification of a murine fibrosarcoma to produce interleukin 7 stimulates host cell infiltration and tumor immunity Cancer Res 52 1992 3931
108. McLachlin J.R. Cornetta K. Eglitis M.A. Retroviral-mediated gene transfer Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 38 1990 91
109. Miller A.D. Cell-surface receptors for retroviruses and implications for gene transfer Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 1996 11407
110. Miller D.G. Adam M.A. Miller A.D. Gene transfer by retrovirus vectors occurs only in cells that are actively replicating at the time of infection Mol Cell Biol 10 1990 4239
111. Miller A.R. McBride W.H. Dubinett S.M. Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: Comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2 Blood 82 1993 3686
112. Miller A.R. McBride W.H. Hunt K. Cytokine-mediated gene therapy for cancer Ann Surg Oncol 1 1994 436
113. Missol E. Sochanik A. Szala S. Introduction of murine IL-4 gene into B16 (F10) melanoma tumors by direct gene transfer with DNA-liposome complexes Cancer Lett 97 1995 189
114. Moore M.A.S. The clinical use of colony stimulating factors Annu Rev Immunol 9 1991 159
115. Moss B. Poxvirus expression vectors Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 158 1992 25
116. Mule J.J. Smith G.L. Rosenberg S.A. Interleukin 4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) can mediate the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity directed against fresh tumor cells J Exp Med 166 1987 792
117. Mullen C.A. Coale M.M. Levy A.T. Fibrosarcoma cells transduced with the IL-6 gene exhibit reduced tumorigenicity, increased immunogenicity, and decreased metastatic potential Cancer Res 52 1992 6020
118. Mulligan R.C. The basic science of gene therapy Science 260 1993 926
119. Muzyczka N. Use of adeno-associated virus as a general transduction vector for mammalian cells Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 158 1992 97
120. Nabel E.G. Yang Z. Muller D. Safety and toxicity of catheter gene delivery to the pulmonary vasculature in a patient with metastatic melanoma Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 1089
121. Nabel G.J. Nabel E.G. Yang Z. Direct gene transfer with DNA-liposome complexes in melanoma: Expression, biologic activity, and lack of toxicity in humans Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 1993 11307
122. Nash M.A. Platsoucas C.D. Wong B.Y. Transduction of rIL-2 expanded CD4+ and CD8 + ovarian TIL-derived T cell lines with the G1Na (neo-r) replication-deficient retroviral vector Hum Gene Ther 6 1995 1379
123. Nedwin G.E. Svedersky L.P. Bringman T.S. Effect of interleukin 2, interferon- gamma, and mitogens on the production of tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta J Immunol 135 1985 2492
124. Nishimura T. Watanabe K. Yahata T. Application of interleukin 12 to antitumor cytokine and gene therapy Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 38 1996 S27
125. Ogasawara M. Rosenberg S.A. Enhanced expression of HLA molecules and stimulation of autologous human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes following transduction of melanoma cells with gamma-interferon genes Cancer Res 53 1993 3561
126. Otto E. Jones-Trower A. Vanin E.F. Characterization of a replication-competent retrovirus resulting from recombination of packaging and vector sequences Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 567
127. Oudrhiri N. Vigneron J. Peuchmaur M. Gene transfer by guanidinium-cholesterol cationic lipids into airway epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 1997 1651
128. Palsson B. Andreadis S. The physico-chemical factors that govern retrovirus-mediated gene transfer Exp Hematol 25 1997 94
129. Pardoll D. Paracrine cytokine adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy Annu Rev Immunol 13 1995 399
130. Pardoll D.M. Beckerleg A.M. Exposing the immunology of naked DNA vaccines Immunity 3 1995 165
131. Parker S.L. Tong T. Bolden S. Cancer statistics, 1997 CA Cancer J Clin 47 1997 5
132. Paul W.E. Ohara J. B-cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin 4 Annu Rev Immunol 5 1987 429
133. Perales J.C. Ferkol T. Molas M. An evaluation of receptor-mediated gene transfer using synthetic DNA-ligand complexes Eur J Biochem 226 1994 255
134. Plautz G.E. Yang Z. Wu B. Immunotherapy of malignancy by in vivo gene transfer into tumors Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 1993 4645
135. Porgador A. Bannerji R. Watanabe Y. Antimetastatic vaccination of tumor-bearing mice with two types of gamma-interferon gene-inserted tumor cells J Immunol 150 1993 1458
136. Porgador A. Tzehoval E. Katz A. Interleukin 6 gene transfection into Lewis lung carcinoma tumor cells suppresses the malignant phenotype and confers immunother- apeutic competence against parental metastatic cells Cancer Res 52 1992 3679
137. Puri R.K. Siegel J.P. Interleukin-4 and cancer therapy Cancer Invest 11 1993 473
138. Qin H. Chatterjee S.K. Cancer gene therapy using tumor cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing GM-CSF Hum Gene Ther 7 1996 1853
139. Rakhmilevich A.L. Turner J. Ford M.J. Gene gun-mediated skin transfection with interleukin-12 gene results in regression of established primary and metastatic murine tumors Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 1996 6291
140. Remy J. Kichler A. Mordvinov V. Targeted gene transfer into hepatoma cells with lipopolyamine-condensed DNA particles presenting galactose ligands: A stage toward artificial viruses Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 1995 1744
141. Restifo N.P. Spiess P.J. Karp S.E. A nonimmunogenic sarcoma transduced with the cDNA for interferon-gamma elicits CD8 + T cells against the wild type tumor: Correlation with antigen presentation capability J Exp Med 175 1992 1423
142. Roemer K. Friedmann T. Concepts and strategies for human gene therapy Eur J Biochem 208 1992 211
143. Rosenberg S.A. Aebersold P. Cornetta K. Gene transfer into humans: Immunotherapy of patients with advanced melanom, using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes modified by retroviral gene transduction N Engl J Med 323 1990 570
144. Rosenberg S.A. Lotze M.T. Muul L.M. A progress report on the treatment of 157 patients with advanced cancer using lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2 or high-dose interleukin-2 alone N Engl J Med 316 1987 889
145. Rosenfeld M.A. Yoshimura K. Trapnell B.C. In vivo transfer of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene to the airway epithelium Cell 68 1992 143
146. Roth J.A. Cristiano R.J. Gene therapy for cancer: What have we done and where are we going? J Natl Cancer Inst 89 1997 21
147. Rubin J.T. Interleukin-2: Its biology and clinical application in patients with cancer Cancer Invest 11 1993 460
148. Russell S.J. Eccles S.A. Flemming C.L. Decreased tumorigenicity of a transplantable rat sarcoma following transfer and expression of an IL2-cDNA Int J Cancer 47 1991 244
149. Sanda M.G. Ayyagari S.R. Jaffee E.M. Demonstration of a rational strategy for human prostate cancer gene therapy J Urol 151 1994 622
150. Schmidt-Wolf I.G.H. Interleukin-7 gene transfer in patients with metastatic colon carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, or with lymphoma Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 1161
151. Shigekawa K. Dower W.J. Electroporation of eukaryotes and prokaryotes: A general approach to the introduction of macromolecules into cells BioTechniques 6 1988 742
152. Sikes M.L. O’Malley B.W. Finegold M.J. In vivo gene transfer into rabbit thyroid follicular cells by direct DNA injection Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 837
153. Smith G.L. Moss B. Infectious foxvirus vectors have capacity for at least 25,000 base pairs of foreign DNA Gene 25 1983 21
154. Smith K.A. Interleukin-2: Inception, impact and implications Science 240 1988 1169
155. Snick J.V. Interleukin-6: An overview Annu Rev Immunol 8 1990 253
156. Sobol R.E. Royston I. Injection of colon carcinoma patients with autologous irradiated tumor cells and fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete interleukin-2. A phase I study Hum Gene Ther 6 1995 195
157. Steinman R.M. The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity Annu Rev Immunol 9 1991 271
158. Stephan D.J. Yang Z. San H. A new cationic liposome DNA complex enhances the efficiency of arterial gene transfer in vivo Hum Gene Ther 7 1996 1803
159. Stewart M.J. Plautz G.E. Buono L.D. Gene transfer in vivo with DNA-liposome complexes: Safety and acute toxicity in mice Hum Gene Ther 3 1992 267
160. Stotter H. Custer M.C. Bolton E.S. IL-7 induces human lymphokine-activated killer cell activity and is regulated by IL-4 J Immunol 146 1991 150
161. Stratford-Perricaudet L.D. Levrero M. Chasse J. Evaluation of the transfer and expression in mice of an enzyme-encoding gene using a human adenovirus vector Hum Gene Ther 1 1990 241
162. Suminami Y. Elder E.M. Lotze M.T. In situ interleukin-4 gene expression in cancer patients treated with genetically modified tumor vaccine J Immunotherapy with Emphasis on Immunology 17 1995 238
163. Sun W.H. Burkholder J.K. Sun J. In vivo cytokine gene transfer by gene gun reduces tumor growth in mice Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 1995 2889
164. Sun W.H. Kreisle R.A. Phillips W. In vivo and in vitro characteristics of interleukin 6-transfected B16 melanoma cells Cancer Res 52 1992 5412
165. Sung S.J. Jung L.K. Walters J.A. Production of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin by human B cell lines and tonsillar B cells J Exp Med 168 1988 1539
166. Tahara H. Lotze M.T. Antitumor effects of interleukin-12 (IL-12): Applications for the immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer Gene Therapy 2 1995 96
167. Tahara H. Lotze M.T. IL-12 gene therapy using direct injection of tumors with genetically engineered autologous fibroblasts Hum Gene Ther 6 1995 1607
168. Tahara H. Zeh H.J. Storkus W.J. Fibroblasts genetically engineered to secrete interleukin 12 can suppress tumor growth and induce antitumor immunity to a murine melanoma in vivo Cancer Res 54 1994 182
169. Tahara H. Zitvogel L. Storkus W.J. Effective eradication of established murine tumors with IL-12 gene therapy using a polycistronic retroviral vector J Immunol 154 1995 6466
170. Takehara T. Hayashi N. Yamamoto M. In vivo gene transfer and expression in rat stomach by submucosal injection of plasmid DNA Hum Gene Ther 7 1996 589
171. Takeshita S. Tsurumi Y. Couffinahl T. Gene transfer of naked DNA encoding for three isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor stimulated collateral development in vivo Lab Invest 75 1996 487
172. Teng M.N. Park B.H. Koeppen H.K.W. Long-term inhibition of tumor growth by tumor necrosis factor in the absence of cachexia or T-cell immunity Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 1991 3535
173. Tepper R.I. Coffman R.L. Leder P. An eosinophil-dependent mechanism for the antitumor effect of interleukin-4 Science 257 1992 548
174. Tepper R.I. Pattengale P.K. Leder P. Murine interleukin-4 displays potent anti-tumor activity in vivo Cell 57 1989 503
175. Theze J. Alzari P.M. Bertoglio J. Interleukin 2 and its receptors: Recent advances and new immunological functions Immunol Today 17 1996 481
176. Tracey K.J. Vlassara H. Cerami A. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor Lancet 1 1989 1122 1126
177. Treisman J. Hwu P. Yannelli J.R. Upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by retrovirally transduced human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes using trans-retinoic acid Cell Immunol 156 1994 448
178. Trempe J.P. Packaging systems for adeno-associated virus vectors Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 218 1996 35
179. Tripp C.S. Wolf S.F. Unanue E.R. Interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha are costimulators of interferon gamma production by natural killer cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice with listeriosis, and interleukin 10 is a physiologic antagonist Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 1993 3725
180. Tsai S.J. Gansbacher B. Tait L. Induction of antitumor immunity by interleukin-2 gene-transduced mouse mammary tumor cells versus transduced mammary stromal fibroblasts J Natl Cancer Inst 85 1993 546
181. Tung C. Federoff H.J. Brownlee M. Rapid production of interleukin-2-secreting tumor cells by herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer: Implications for autologous vaccine production Hum Gene Ther 7 1996 2217
182. Vahlsing H.L. Yankauckas M.A. Sawdey M. Immunization with plasmid DNA using a pneumatic gun J Immunol Methods 175 1994 11
183. Veelken H. Jesuiter H. Mackensen A. Primary fibroblasts from human adults as target cells for ex-vivo transfection and gene therapy Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 1203
184. Vile R.G. Russell S.J. Retroviruses as vectors Br Med Bull 51 1995 12
185. Wagner E. Zatloukal K. Cotten M. Coupling of adenovirus to transferrin-polyly- sine/DNA complexes greatly enhances receptor-mediated gene delivery and expression of transfected genes Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 1992 6099
186. Wagner E. Zenke M. Cotten M. Transferrin-polycation conjugates as carriers for DNA uptake into cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 1990 3410
187. Wang Q. Finer M.H. Second-generation adenovirus vectors Nature Medicine 2 1996 714
188. Watanabe Y. Kuribayashi K. Miyatake S. Exogenous expression of mouse interferon gamma cDNA in mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cells results in reduced tumori- genicity by augmented anti-tumor response Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 1989 9456
189. Welch P.A. Namen A.E. Goodwin R.G. Human IL-7: A novel T cell growth factor J Immunol 143 1989 3562
190. Whitman E.D. Tsung K. Paxson J. In vitro and in vivo kinetics of recombinant vaccinia virus cancer-gene therapy Surgery 116 1994 184
191. Widmer M.B. Grabstein K.H. Regulation of cytolytic T-lymphocyte generation by B-cell stimulatory factor Nature 326 1987 795
192. Wolf S.F. Temple P.A. Kobayashi M. Cloning of cDNA for natural killer cell stimulatory factor, a heterodimeric cytokine with multiple biologic effects on T and B natural killer cells J Immunol 146 1991 3074
193. Wolfe J.A. Malone R.W. Williams P. Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo Science 247 1990 1465
194. Wong G.G. Witek J.S. Temple P.A. Human GM-CSF: Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA and purification of the natural and recombinant proteins Science 228 1985 810
195. Yang N. Sun W.H. Gene gun and other non-viral approaches for cancer gene therapy Nature Medicine 1 1995 481
196. Yang Y. Nunes F.A. Berencsi K. Cellular immunity to viral antigens limits E1- deleted adenoviruses for gene therapy Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 1994 4407
197. Yei S. Mittereder N. Wert S. In vivo evaluation of the safety of adenovirus-mediated transfer of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator cDNA to the lung Hum Gene Ther 5 1994 731
198. Zhang W. Fujiwara T. Grimm E.A. Advances in cancer gene therapy Adv Pharmacol 32 1995 289
199. Zitvogel L. Tahara H. Robbins P.D. Cancer immunotherapy of established tumors with IL-12 J Immunol 155 1995 1393