Room-temperature mid-infrared laser sensor for trace gas detection

Applied Optics

Volumn 36, Issue 30, 1997, Pages 8042-8049

  Töpfer, Thomas ^a   Petrov, Konstantin P ^a   Mine, Yasuharu ^a   Jundt, Dieter ^b   Curl, Robert F ^a   Tittel, Frank K ^a  

^a RICE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Crystal Technology Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Difference frequency generation; Diodepumped difference frequency generation; Gas sensors; Mid infrared spectroscopy; Periodically poled lithium niobate; Quasi phase matching; Trace gas detection

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC GAS; INSTRUMENTATION; LASER; SENSOR;

EID: 0031580863     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.36.008042     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. 2 for high-resolution spectroscopy, ” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 197-202 (1992).
2. W. C. Eckhoff, R. S. Putnam, S. Wang, R. F. Curl, and F. K. Tittel, “A continuously tunable long-wavelength cw IR source for high-resolution spectroscopy and trace gas detection, ” Appl. Phys. B 63, 437-441 (1996).
3. 2 by use of single-mode diode-laser pump sources, ” Opt. Lett. 18, 1062-1064 (1993).
4. W. Schade, T. Blanke, U. Willer, and C. Rempel, “Compact tunable mid-infrared laser source by difference frequency generation of two diode-lasers, ” Appl. Phys. B 63, 99-102 (1996).
5. 2 difference frequency spectrometer with diode lasers as pump sources, ” Appl. Phys. B 64, 521-524 (1997).
6. 3, ” Opt. Lett. 20, 1280-1282 (1995).
7. A. Balakrishnan, S. Sanders, S. DeMars, J. Webjorn, D. W. Nam, R. J. Lang, D. G. Mehuys, R. G. Waarts, and D. F. Welch, “Broadly tunable laser-diode-based mid-infrared source with up to 31 pW of power at 4.3-pm wavelength, ” Opt. Lett. 21, 952-954 (1996).
8. E. J. Lim, H. M. Hertz, M. L. Bortz, and M. M. Fejer, “Infrared radiation generated by quasi-phase-matched difference-frequency mixing in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 2207-2209 (1991).
9. 3 waveguides using an adiabatically tapered periodically-segmented coupling region, ” in Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Vol. 10 of 1996 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1996), p. 42.
10. Z. Feit, D. Kostyk, R. J. Woods, and P. Mak, “Molecular beam epitaxy grown PbEuSeTe buried-heterostructure lasers with continuous wave operation at 195 K, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2891-2893 (1990).
11. 3, ” Appl. Opt. 33, 454-472 (1994).
12. M. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, and P. L. Kebabian, “Measurements of trace gas fluxes using tunable diode laser spectroscopy, ” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 351, 371-382 (1995).
13. A. Popov, V. Sherstnev, Y. Yakovlev, R. Mucke, and P. Werle, “High power InAsSb/InAsSbP double heterostructure laser for continuous wave operation at 3.6 p.m, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2790-2792 (1996).
14. a midinfrared lasers, ” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 118-120 (1995).
15. 3, ” Opt. Lett. 20, 52-54 (1995).
16. G. J. Edwards and M. Lawrence, “A temperature-dependent dispersion equation for congruently grown lithium niobate, ” Opt. Quantum Electron. 16, 373-375 (1984).
17. W. R. Bosenberg, A. Drobshoff, J. I. Alexander, L. E. Myers, and R. L. Byer, “93% pump depletion, 3.5-W continuous-wave, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator, ” Opt. Lett. 21, 1336-1338 (1996).
18. 2, ” Appl. Opt. 32, 6650-6655 (1993).
19. 3, ” Opt. Lett. 21, 86-88 (1996).
20. K. P. Petrov, S. Waltman, E. J. Dlugokencky, M. A. Arbore, M. M. Fejer, F. K. Tittel, and L. Hollberg, “Precise measurement of methane in air using diode-pumped 3.4 p.m difference-frequency generation in PPLN, ” Appl. Phys. B 64, 567-572 (1997).
21. L. S. Rothman, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, L. R. Brown, R. A. Toth, H. M. Pickett, R. L. Poynter, J.-M. Flaud, C. Camy-Peyret, A. Barbe, N. Husson, C. P. Rinsland, and M. A. H. Smith, “The hitran database: 1986 edition, ” Appl. Opt. 26, 4058-4097 (1987).
22. A. G. Maki and J. S. Wells, Wavenumber Calibration Tables From Heterodyne Frequency Measurements, Spec. Publ. 821, 1991 (Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Gaithersburg, Md.)
23. T.-B. Chu and M. Broyer, “Intracavity CW difference frequency generation by mixing three photons and using Gaussian laser beams, ” J. Phys. 46, 523-533 (1985).
24. L. E. Myers, E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., 94305-4085 (personal communication, 1995).
25. W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vet-terling, Numerical Recipes in Pascal (Cambridge University, Cambridge, England, 1989), pp. 572-580.
26. F. S. Pavone and M. Inguscio, “Frequency- and wavelength-modulation spectroscopies: comparison of experimental methods using an AlGaAs diode laser, ” Appl. Phys. B 56, 118-122 (1993).
27. G. Guelachvili and K. N. Rao, Handbook of Infrared Spectroscopy (Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1986).
28. M. Taya, M. Bashaw, and M. M. Fejer, “Photorefractive effects in periodically poled ferroelectrics, ” Opt. Lett. 21, 857-859 (1996).