Aircraft (er-2) laser infrared absorption spectrometer (alias) for in-situ stratospheric measurements of hcl, n2o, ch4, no2, and hno3

Applied Optics

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 1994, Pages 454-472

  Webster, C R ^a   May, R D ^a   Trimble, C A ^a   Chave, R G ^a   Kendall, J ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALIAS; IR LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; STRATOSPHERE;

ANTARCTICA;

AIRCRAFT; CHLORINE; INFRARED RADIATION; LASER APPLICATIONS; NITROGEN OXIDES; SPECTROMETERS;

ALIAS SPECTROMETER; ER-2 AIRCRAFT; STRATOSPHERE;

ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS;

EID: 0028183804     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.33.000454     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. J. C. Farman, B. G. Gardiner, and J. D. Shanklin, “Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClO, /NO. interaction, ” Nature (London) 315, 207-210 (1985).
2. D. L. Albritton and R. T. Watson, “Scientific assessment of stratospheric ozone: 1989, ” World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Rep. 20 (World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 1989).
3. R. S. Stolarski, A. J. Krueger, M. R. Schoeberl, R. D. McPeters, P. A. Newman, and J. C. Alpert, “Nimbus 7 satellite measurements of the springtime Antarctic ozone decrease, ” Nature (London) 322, 808-811 (1986).
4. A. F. Tuck, R. T. Watson, E. P. Condon, J. J. Margitan, and O. B. Toon, “The planning and execution of ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft flights over Antarctica, August and September, 1987, ” J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11, 181-11, 222 (1989).
5. R. Turco, A. Plumb, and E. Condon, “The Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition: Prologue, ” Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 313-316 (1990).
6. S. Solomon, R. R. Garcia, F. S. Rowland, and D. J. Wuebbles, “On the depletion of Antarctic ozone, ” Nature (London) 321, 755-758 (1986).
7. O. B. Toon, P. Hamill, R. P. Turco, and J. Pinto, “Condensation of HNO3 and HCl in the winter polar stratosphere, ” Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1, 284-1, 287 (1986).
8. 2 using the BLISS diode laser spectrometer, ” J. Geophys. Res. 95, 13, 851-13, 866 (1990).
9. 3 and HCl near 30 km using the BLISS tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer, ” J. Geophys. Res. 94, 16, 343-16, 350 (1989).
10. C. R. Webster, S. P. Sander, R. Beer, R. D. May, R. G. Knollenberg, D. M. Hunten, and J. Ballard, “Tunable diode laser infrared spectrometer for in situ measurements of the gas phase composition and particle size distribution of Titan’s atmosphere, ” Appl. Opt. 29, 907-917 (1990).
11. G. W. Sachse, G. F. Hill, L. O. Wade, and M. G. Perry, “Fast-response, high-precision carbon monoxide sensor using a tunable diode laser absorption technique, ” J. Geophys. Res. 92, 2071-2081 (1987).
12. M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, K. R. Chan, and S. E. Strahan, “Nitrous oxide as a dynamical tracer in the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment, ” J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11, 589-11, 598 (1989).
13. H. I. Schiff, D. R. Karecki, G. W. Harris, D. R. Hastie, and G. I. Mackay, “A tunable diode laser system for aircraft measurements of trace gases, ” J. Geophys. Res. 95, 10, 147-10, 153 (1990).
14. C. R. Webster, R. D. May, D. Toohey, L. M. Avallone, J. G. Anderson, P. A. Newman, L. R. Lait, M. R. Schoeberl, J. Elkins, and K. R. Chan, “Hydrochloric acid loss and chlorine chemistry on polar stratospheric clouds in the Arctic winter, ” Science 261, 1130-1134 (1993).
15. R. D. May and C. R. Webster, “Data processing and calibration for tunable diode laser harmonic absorption spectrometers, ” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 49, 335-347 (1993).
16. C. R. Webster, R. T. Menzies, and E. D. Hinkley, “Infrared laser absorption: Theory and applications, ” in Laser Remote Chemical Analysis, R. M. Measures, ed. (Wiley, New York, 1988), pp. 163-272.
17. D. R. Herriott, H. Kogelnik, and R. Kompsner, “A scanning spherical mirror interferometer for spectral analysis of laser radiation, ” Appl. Opt. 3, 1471-1484 (1964).
18. D. J. Rader and V. A. Marple, “A study of the effects of anisokinetic sampling, ” Aerosol Sci. Technol. 8, 283-299 (1981).
19. D. W. Fahey, K. K. Kelly, G. V. Ferry, L. R. Poole, J. C. Wilson, D. M. Murphy, M. Loewenstein, and K. R. Chan, “In situ measurements of total reactive nitrogen, total water, and aerosol in a polar stratospheric cloud in the Antarctic, ” J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11, 299-11, 315 (1989).
20. G. B. Schubauer and C. M. Tchen, Turbulent Flow, C. Donaldson, ed. (Princeton U. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1961).
21. D. R. Pitts and L. E. Sissom, Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Heat Transfer (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977).
22. C. R. Webster, “Brewster plate spoiler: A novel method for reducing the amplitude of interference fringes that limit tunable-laser absorption sensitivities, ” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2, 1464-1470 (1985).
23. J. Altman, R. Baumgart, and C. Weitkamp, “Two-mirror multipass absorption cell, ” Appl. Opt. 20, 995-999 (1981).
24. J. A. Silver and A. C. Stanton, “Optical interference fringe reduction in laser absorption experiments, ” Appl. Opt. 27, 1914-1916 (1988).
25. J. B. McManus and P. L. Kebabian, “Narrow optical interference fringes for certain setup conditions in multipass absorption cells of the Herriott type, ” Appl. Opt. 29, 898-900 (1990).
26. I. Langmuir, “The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica, and platinum, ” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 40, 1361-1375 (1918).
27. W. B. DeMore, S. P. Sander, C. J. Howard, A. R. Ravishankara, D. M. Golden, C. E. Kolb, R. F. Hampson, M. J. Kurylo, and M. J. Molina, “Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling: Evaluation number 10, ” JPL Publ. 92-20 (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., 1992).
28. L. S. Rothman, R. R. Gamache, R. H. Tipping, C. P. Rinsland, M. A. H. Smith, D. Chris Benner, V. Malathy Devi, J.-M. Flaud, C. Camy-Peyret, A. Perrin, A. Goldman, S. T. Massie, L. R. Brown, and R. A. Toth, “The HITRAN molecular database: Editions of 1991 and 1992, ” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 48, 469-507 (1992).
29. R. D. May, “Computer processing of tunable diode laser spectra, ” Appl. Spectrosc. 43, 834-839 (1989).
30. R. D. May, “Correlation-based technique for automated tunable diode laser scan stabilization, ” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 2922-2926 (1992).
31. A. Fried, R. Sams, and W. W. Berg, “Application of tunable diode laser absorption for trace stratospheric measurements of HCl: Laboratory results, ” Appl. Opt. 23, 1867-1880 (1984).
32. D. W. Toohey, L. M. Avallone, M. R. Schoeberl, P. A. Newman, L. R. Lait, D. W. Fahey, E. L. Woodbridge, and J. G. Anderson, “The seasonal temporal evolution of reactive chlorine in the Northern hemisphere stratosphere, ” Science 261, 1134-1136 (1993).
33. 2O, and OC 180 using the BLISS tunable diode laser spectrometer, ” Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 45-48 (1992).
34. J. S. Langford, “New aircraft platforms for Earth system sciences: An opportunity for the 90’s, ” paper ICAS-90-5.8.1 presented at the Seventeenth Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, Stockholm, 9-14 September 1990.
35. R. Monastersky, “Voyage into unknown skies, ” Sci. News 139, 136-137 (1991).