Displacement-length scaling for terrestrial and Martian faults: Implications for Valles Marineris and shallow planetary grabens

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 102, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 12009-12015

  Schultz, Richard A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISPLACEMENT/LENGTH RATIO; FAULT GEOMETRY; GRABEN; SCALING;

MARS, VALLES MARINERIS;

EID: 0031463662     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jb00751     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Banerdt, W.B., M.P. Golombek, and K.L. Tanaka, Stress and tectonics on Mars, in Mars, edited by H.H. Kieffer, B.M. Jakosky, C.W. Snyder, and M.S. Matthews, pp. 249-297, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1992.
2. Blasius, K.R., J.A. Cutts, J.E. Guest, and H. Masursky, Geology of the Valles Marineris: First analysis of imaging from the Viking Orbiter primary mission, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4061-4091, 1977.
3. Brown, E.T., and E. Hoek, Trends in relationships between measured in-situ stresses and depth, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 15, 211-215, 1978.
4. Bürgmann, R., D.D. Pollard, and S.J. Martel, Slip distributions on faults: Effects of stress gradients, inelastic deformation, heterogeneous host-rock stiffness, and fault interaction, J. Struct. Geol., 16, 1675-1690, 1994.
5. Cartwright, J., C. Mansfield, and B. Trudgill, Fault growth by segment linkage: An explanation for scatter in maximum displacement and trace length data from the Canyonlands Grabens of SE Utah, J. Struct. Geol., 17, 1319-1326, 1995.
6. Cladouhos, T.T., and R. Marrett, Are fault growth and linkage models consistent with power-law distributions of fault lengths?, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 281-293, 1996.
7. Clark, R.M., and S.J.D. Cox, A modern regression approach to determining fault displacement-length scaling relationships, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 147-152, 1996.
8. Cowie, P.A., R.J. Knipe, and I.G. Main, Introduction to the special issue: Scaling laws for fault and fracture populations - analyses and applications, J. Struct. Geol., 18, v-xi, 1996.
9. Cowie, P.A., and C.H. Scholz, Displacement-length scaling relationship for faults: Data synthesis and discussion, J. Struct. Geol., 14, 1149-1156, 1992a.
10. Cowie, P.A., and C.H. Scholz, Physical explanation for the displacement-length relationship of faults using a post-yield fracture mechanics model, J. Struct. Geol., 14, 1133-1148, 1992b.
11. Davis, P.A., and M.P. Golombek, Discontinuities in the shallow Martian crust at Lunae, Syria, and Sinai Plana, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 14,231-14,248, 1990.
12. Davis, P.A., K.L. Tanaka, and M.P. Golombek, Topography of closed depressions, scarps, and grabens in the North Tharsis region of Mars: Implications for shallow crustal discontinuities and graben formation, Icarus, 114, 403-422, 1995.
13. Dawers, N.H., and M.H. Anders, Displacement-length scaling and fault linkage, J. Struct. Geol., 17, 607-614, 1995.
14. Dawers, N.H., M.H. Anders, and C.H. Scholz, Growth of normal faults: Displacement-length scaling, Geology, 21, 1107-1110, 1993.
15. Frey, H., Martian canyons and African rifts: Structural comparisons and implications, Icarus, 37, 142-155, 1979.
16. Golombek, M.P., Structural analysis of lunar grabens and the shallow crustal structure of the Moon, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4657-4666, 1979.
17. Golombek, M.P., W.B. Banerdt, K.L. Tanaka, and D.M. Tralli, A prediction of Mars seismicity from surface faulting, Science, 258, 979-981, 1992.
18. Golombek, M.P., K.L. Tanaka, and B.J. Franklin, Extension across Tempe Terra, Mars, from measurements of fault scarp widths and deformed craters, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26,119-26,130, 1996.
19. Gudmundsson, A., and K. Bäckström, Structure and development of the Sveeinagja graben, Northeast Iceland, Tectonophysics, 200, 111-125, 1991.
20. Larsen, H.D., Rinehart Mathematical Tables, Formulas and Curves, Rinehart, New York, 1948.
21. Lucchitta, B.K., A.S. McEwen, G.D. Clow, P.E. Geissler, R.B. Singer, R.A. Schultz, and S.W. Squyres, The canyon system on Mars, in Mars, edited by H.H. Kieffer, B.M. Jakosky, C.W. Snyder, and M.S. Matthews, pp. 453-492, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson, 1992.
22. Lucchitta, B.K., N.K. Isbell, and A. Howington-Kraus, Topography of Valles Marineris: Implications forerosional and structural history, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3783-3798, 1994.
23. McGarr, A., Scaling of ground motion parameters, state of stress, and focal depth, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6969-6979, 1984.
24. McGill, G.E., and A.W. Stromquist, The grabens of Canyonlands National Park, Utah: Geometry, mechanics, and kinematics, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4547-4563, 1979.
25. Mège, D., and P. Masson, Amounts of crustal stretching in Valles Marineris, Mars. Planet. Space Sci., 44, 749-782, 1996.
26. Opheim, J. A., and A. Gudmundsson, Formation and geometry of fractures, and related volcanism, of the Krafla fissure swarm, northeast Iceland, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 101, 1608-1622, 1989.
27. Peulvast, J.P., and P.L. Masson, Erosion and tectonics in central Valles Marineris (Mars): A new morpho-structural model, Earth Moon Planets, 61, 191-217, 1993.
28. Plescia, J.B., Graben and extension in northern Tharsis, Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18,883-18,895, 1991.
29. Plescia, J.B., and R.S. Saunders, Tectonic history of the Tharsis region of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 9775-9791, 1982.
30. Rubin, A.M., Tensile fracture of rock at high confining pressure: Implications for dike propagation, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15,919-15,935, 1993.
31. Schlische, R.W., S.S. Young, R.V. Ackermann, and A. Gupta, Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal faults, Geology, 24, 683-686, 1996.
32. Scholz, C.H., Scaling laws for large earthquakes: Consequences for physical models, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 72, 1-14, 1982.
33. Scholz, C.H., The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, 439 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1990.
34. Schultz, R.A., Strike-slip faulting of ridged plains near Valles Marineris, Mars, Nature, 341, 424-426, 1989.
35. Schultz, R.A., Structural development of Coprates Chasma and western Ophir Planum, Valles Marineris rift, Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,777-22,792, 1991.
36. Schultz, R.A., Gradients in extension and strain at Valles Marineris, Mars, Planet. Space Sci., 43, 1561-1566, 1995a.
37. Schultz, R.A., Limits on strength and deformation properties of jointed basaltic rock masses, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 28, 1-15, 1995b.
38. Schultz, R.A., and A.N. Fori, Fault-length statistics and implications of graben sets at Candor Mensa, Mars, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 373-383, 1996.
39. Schultz, R.A., and J.M. Moore, New observations of grabens from the Needles District, Canyonlands National Park, Utah, in Geology and Resources of the Paradox Basin, Guideb. 25, edited by A.C. Huffman Jr., W.R. Lund, and L.H. Godwin, pp. 295-302, Utah Geol. Assoc., Salt Lake City, 1996.
40. Scott, D.H., and J.M. Dohm, Faults and ridges: Historical development in Tempe Terra and Ulysses Patera regions of Mars, Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 20th, 503-513, 1990.
41. Spencer, J.R., and F.P. Fanale, New models for the origin of Valles Marineris closed depressions, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 14,301-14,313, 1990.
42. Tanaka, K.L., and P.A. Davis, Tectonic history of the Syria Planum Province of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14,893-14,917, 1988.
43. Tanaka, K.L., and M.P. Golombek, Martian tension fractures and the formation of grabens and collapse features at Valles Marineris, Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci.. Conf., 19th, 383-396, 1989.
44. Tanaka, K.L., M.P. Golombek, and W.B. Banerdt, Reconciliation of stress and structural histories of the Tharsis region of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,617-15,633, 1991.
45. Turcotte, D.L., and G. Schubert, Geodynamics: Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems, 450 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1982.
46. Walsh, J.J., and J. Watterson, Analysis of the relationship between the displacements and dimensions of faults, J. Struct Geol., 10, 239-247, 1988.
47. Wells, D.L., and K.J. Coppersmith, New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 974-1002, 1994.
48. Willemse, E.J.M., Segmented normal faults: Correspondence between three-dimensional mechanical models and field data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 675-692, 1997.
49. Willemse, E.J.M., D.D. Pollard, and A. Aydin, Three-dimensional analyses of slip distributions on normal fault arrays with consequences for fault scaling, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 295-309, 1996.
50. Witbeck, N.E., K.L. Tanaka, and D.H. Scott, Geologic map of the Valles Marineris region, Mars, scale 1:2,000,000, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Invest. Ser., Map 1-2010, 1991.