메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 189-200

The carotenoids as anti-oxidants - A review

Author keywords

Anti oxidant; Carotenoids; Pro oxidant; Radicals; Singlet oxygen; Xanthophylls

Indexed keywords

CAROTENOID; FREE RADICAL; SINGLET OXYGEN; XANTHOPHYLL;

EID: 0031459777     PISSN: 10111344     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1011-1344(97)00092-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (827)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0030474043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lycopene - A biologically important carotenoid for humans
    • W. Stahl and H. Sies, Lycopene - A biologically important carotenoid for humans, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 336 (1996) 1-9.
    • (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.336 , pp. 1-9
    • Stahl, W.1    Sies, H.2
  • 2
    • 0030970834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential role of lycopene for human health
    • H. Gerster, The potential role of lycopene for human health, J. Am. College Nutr., 16 (1997) 109-126.
    • (1997) J. Am. College Nutr. , vol.16 , pp. 109-126
    • Gerster, H.1
  • 3
    • 0019422226 scopus 로고
    • Can dietary β-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates?
    • R. Peto, R. Doll, I.D. Buckley and M.B. Sporn, Can dietary β-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates?, Nature, 290 (1981) 201-208.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.290 , pp. 201-208
    • Peto, R.1    Doll, R.2    Buckley, I.D.3    Sporn, M.B.4
  • 4
    • 0027818886 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids in oral cancer prevention
    • H.S. Garewal, Carotenoids in oral cancer prevention, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 691 (1993) 139-147.
    • (1993) Ann. New York Acad. Sci. , vol.691 , pp. 139-147
    • Garewal, H.S.1
  • 6
    • 0024381679 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activity of dietary canthax-anthin
    • S.T. Mayne and R.S. Parker, Antioxidant activity of dietary canthax-anthin, Nutr. Cancer, 12 (1989) 225-236.
    • (1989) Nutr. Cancer , vol.12 , pp. 225-236
    • Mayne, S.T.1    Parker, R.S.2
  • 7
    • 0023423596 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids affect development of UV-B induced skin cancer
    • M.M. Mathews-Roth and N.I. Krinsky, Carotenoids affect development of UV-B induced skin cancer, Photochem.Photobiol., 46 (1987) 507-509.
    • (1987) Photochem.photobiol. , vol.46 , pp. 507-509
    • Mathews-Roth, M.M.1    Krinsky, N.I.2
  • 8
    • 12744271798 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of singlet oxygen. VIII. Quenching by β-carotene
    • C.S. Foote and R.W. Denny, Chemistry of singlet oxygen. VIII. Quenching by β-carotene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90 (1968 ) 6233-6235.
    • (1968) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.90 , pp. 6233-6235
    • Foote, C.S.1    Denny, R.W.2
  • 12
    • 0021362463 scopus 로고
    • β-carotene: An unusual type of lipid antioxidant
    • G.W. Burton and K.U. Ingold, β-carotene: An unusual type of lipid antioxidant, Science, 224 (1984) 569-573.
    • (1984) Science , vol.224 , pp. 569-573
    • Burton, G.W.1    Ingold, K.U.2
  • 14
    • 84993905629 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids protect against cell membrane damage by the nitrogen dioxide radical
    • F. Böhm, J.H. Tinkler and T.G. Truscott, Carotenoids protect against cell membrane damage by the nitrogen dioxide radical, Nature Med., 1 (1995) 98-99.
    • (1995) Nature Med. , vol.1 , pp. 98-99
    • Böhm, F.1    Tinkler, J.H.2    Truscott, T.G.3
  • 16
    • 0015910168 scopus 로고
    • Protective action of carotenoid pigments against photodynamic damage to liposomes
    • S.M. Anderson and N.I. Krinsky, Protective action of carotenoid pigments against photodynamic damage to liposomes, Photochem. Photobiol., 18 (1973) 403-408.
    • (1973) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.18 , pp. 403-408
    • Anderson, S.M.1    Krinsky, N.I.2
  • 17
    • 0027812303 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant action of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo protection against oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins
    • L. Packer, Antioxidant action of Carotenoids in vitro and in vivo protection against oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 691 (1993) 48-60.
    • (1993) Ann. New York Acad. Sci. , vol.691 , pp. 48-60
    • Packer, L.1
  • 19
    • 0030067580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural cancer prevention trial halted
    • K. Peterson, Natural cancer prevention trial halted, Science. 271 (1996) 471.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 471
    • Peterson, K.1
  • 20
    • 0010607277 scopus 로고
    • The effect of vitamin e and β-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
    • The α-tocopherol, β-carotene cancer prevention study group, The effect of vitamin E and (β-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers, New Eng. J. Med., 330 (1994) 1029-1035.
    • (1994) New Eng. J. Med. , vol.330 , pp. 1029-1035
  • 22
    • 0026305225 scopus 로고
    • Biological consequences associated with DNA oxidation mediated by singlet oxygen
    • J. Piette, Biological consequences associated with DNA oxidation mediated by singlet oxygen, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 11 (1991) 241-260.
    • (1991) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 241-260
    • Piette, J.1
  • 23
    • 0025408177 scopus 로고
    • Photodynamic lipid peroxidation in biological systems
    • A.W. Girotti, Photodynamic lipid peroxidation in biological systems, Photochem. Photobiol., 51 (1990) 497-509.
    • (1990) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.51 , pp. 497-509
    • Girotti, A.W.1
  • 24
    • 0015712212 scopus 로고
    • On the mechanism of quenching of singlet oxygen in solution
    • A. Farmillo and F. Wilkinson, On the mechanism of quenching of singlet oxygen in solution, Photochem. Photohiol., 18 (1973) 447-450.
    • (1973) Photochem. Photohiol. , vol.18 , pp. 447-450
    • Farmillo, A.1    Wilkinson, F.2
  • 25
    • 0027859074 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant reactions of carotenoids
    • D.C. Liebler, Antioxidant reactions of carotenoids, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 691 (1993) 20-31.
    • (1993) Ann. New York Acad. Sci. , vol.691 , pp. 20-31
    • Liebler, D.C.1
  • 26
    • 0000978276 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of singlet oxygen generated by thermolysis of 3,3′-( 1.4-naphthylene) dipropionate - Monomol and dimol photoemmision and the effects of 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2] octane
    • P. Di Mascio and H. Sies, Quantification of singlet oxygen generated by thermolysis of 3,3′-( 1.4-naphthylene) dipropionate - monomol and dimol photoemmision and the effects of 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2] octane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., III (1989) 2909-2914.
    • (1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.3 , pp. 2909-2914
    • Mascio, P.D.1    Sies, H.2
  • 27
    • 0026843064 scopus 로고
    • Synthetic carotenoids, novel polyene polyketones and new capsorubin isomers as efficient quenchers of singlet molecular oxygen
    • T.P.A. Devasagayam, T. Werner, H. Ippendorf, H.-D. Martin and H. Sies, Synthetic carotenoids, novel polyene polyketones and new capsorubin isomers as efficient quenchers of singlet molecular oxygen, Photochem. Photobiol., 55 (1992) 511-514.
    • (1992) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.55 , pp. 511-514
    • Devasagayam, T.P.A.1    Werner, T.2    Ippendorf, H.3    Martin, H.-D.4    Sies, H.5
  • 29
    • 0010874018 scopus 로고
    • Resonance raman spectra of excited triplet states of β-carotene isomers
    • J. Teraoka, H. Hashimoto, S. Matsudaira and Y. Koyama, Resonance Raman spectra of excited triplet states of β-carotene isomers, Chem. Lett., (1985) 311-314.
    • (1985) Chem. Lett. , pp. 311-314
    • Teraoka, J.1    Hashimoto, H.2    Matsudaira, S.3    Koyama, Y.4
  • 30
    • 0000483642 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids in the retina
    • I. Emerit and B. Chance (eds.), Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland
    • W. Schalch, Carotenoids in the retina, in I. Emerit and B. Chance (eds.), Free Radicals and Ageing, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 1992, pp. 280-298.
    • (1992) Free Radicals and Ageing , pp. 280-298
    • Schalch, W.1
  • 31
    • 0027817633 scopus 로고
    • Physical quenching of singlet oxygen and cistrans isomerisation
    • W. Stahl and H. Sies, Physical quenching of singlet oxygen and cistrans isomerisation, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 691 (1993) 10-19.
    • (1993) Ann. New York Acad. Sci. , vol.691 , pp. 10-19
    • Stahl, W.1    Sies, H.2
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0024464691 scopus 로고
    • Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher
    • P. Di Mascio, S. Kaiser and H. Sies, Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 274 (1989) 532-538.
    • (1989) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.274 , pp. 532-538
    • Di Mascio, P.1    Kaiser, S.2    Sies, H.3
  • 36
    • 84995013321 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and spectroscopic features of some carotenoid triplet states: Sensitization by singlet oxygen
    • M.A.J. Rodgers and A.L. Bates, Kinetic and spectroscopic features of some carotenoid triplet states: Sensitization by singlet oxygen. Photochem. Photobiol., 31 (1980) 533-537.
    • (1980) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.31 , pp. 533-537
    • Rodgers, M.A.J.1    Bates, A.L.2
  • 37
    • 0014800778 scopus 로고
    • Failure of conjugated octaene carotenoids to protect a mutant of Sarcina Lutea against lethal photosensitization
    • M.M. Mathews-Roth and N.I. Krinsky, Failure of conjugated octaene carotenoids to protect a mutant of Sarcina Lutea against lethal photosensitization, Photochem. Photobiol., 11 (1970) 555-557.
    • (1970) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.11 , pp. 555-557
    • Mathews-Roth, M.M.1    Krinsky, N.I.2
  • 39
    • 0019966151 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of oxygen and oxyradicals with carotenoids
    • N.I. Krinsky and S.M. Deneke, The interaction of oxygen and oxyradicals with carotenoids, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 69 (1982) 205-210.
    • (1982) J. Nat. Cancer Inst. , vol.69 , pp. 205-210
    • Krinsky, N.I.1    Deneke, S.M.2
  • 40
    • 0018744108 scopus 로고
    • Response of platelets exposed to potassium tetraperoxochromate, an extracellular source of singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide
    • P. Wörner, H. Patscheke and W. Paschen, Response of platelets exposed to potassium tetraperoxochromate, an extracellular source of singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, Hoppe-Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem., 360 (1970) 559-570.
    • (1970) Hoppe-seylers Z. Physiol. Chem. , vol.360 , pp. 559-570
    • Wörner, P.1    Patscheke, H.2    Paschen, W.3
  • 41
    • 0028670506 scopus 로고
    • β-carotene quenches singlet oxygen formed by isolated photosystem II reaction centers
    • A. Telfer, S. Dhami, S.M. Bishop, D. Phillips and J. Barber, β-carotene quenches singlet oxygen formed by isolated photosystem II reaction centers, Biochem., 33 (1994) 14469-14474.
    • (1994) Biochem. , vol.33 , pp. 14469-14474
    • Telfer, A.1    Dhami, S.2    Bishop, S.M.3    Phillips, D.4    Barber, J.5
  • 42
    • 84947529753 scopus 로고
    • Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids
    • W. Miki, Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids, Pure and Appl. Chem., 63 (1991) 141-146.
    • (1991) Pure and Appl. Chem. , vol.63 , pp. 141-146
    • Miki, W.1
  • 44
    • 0019889416 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals and singlet oxygen scavengers: Reaction of a peroxy-radical with β-carotene, diphenyl furan and 1,4-diazobicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane
    • J.E. Packer, J.S. Mahood, V.O. Mora-Arellano, T.F. Slater, R.L. Willson and B.S. Wolfenden, Free radicals and singlet oxygen scavengers: Reaction of a peroxy-radical with β-carotene, diphenyl furan and 1,4-diazobicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 98 (1981) 901-906.
    • (1981) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. , vol.98 , pp. 901-906
    • Packer, J.E.1    Mahood, J.S.2    Mora-Arellano, V.O.3    Slater, T.F.4    Willson, R.L.5    Wolfenden, B.S.6
  • 46
    • 0020983387 scopus 로고
    • Biology of vitamin E
    • R. Porter and J. Whelan ( eds. ), Pitman Books, London
    • R.L. Willson, Biology of vitamin E, in R. Porter and J. Whelan ( eds. ), Ciba Foundation Symposium No. 101, Pitman Books, London, 1983, pp. 19.
    • (1983) Ciba Foundation Symposium No. 101 , vol.101 , pp. 19
    • Willson, R.L.1
  • 48
    • 0029064228 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of free-radical scavenging by the nutritional antioxidant β-carotene
    • S.A. Everett, S.C. Kundu, S. Maddix and R.L. Willson, Mechanisms of free-radical scavenging by the nutritional antioxidant β-carotene, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 23 (1995) 230S.
    • (1995) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.23
    • Everett, S.A.1    Kundu, S.C.2    Maddix, S.3    Willson, R.L.4
  • 49
    • 0029995001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scavenging of nitrogen dioxide, thiyl and sulphonyl free radicals by the nutritional antioxidant β-carotene
    • S.A. Everett, M.A. Dennis, K.B. Patel, S. Maddix, S.C. Kundu and R.L. Willson, Scavenging of nitrogen dioxide, thiyl and sulphonyl free radicals by the nutritional antioxidant β-carotene, J. Biol. Chem., 271 (1996) 3988-3994.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 3988-3994
    • Everett, S.A.1    Dennis, M.A.2    Patel, K.B.3    Maddix, S.4    Kundu, S.C.5    Willson, R.L.6
  • 51
    • 0029847697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of photobleaching of β-carotene in chloroform and formation of transient carotenoid species absorbing in the near infra-red
    • A. Mortensen and L.H. Skibsted, Kinetics of photobleaching of β-carotene in chloroform and formation of transient carotenoid species absorbing in the near infra-red, Free Rad. Res., 25 (1996) 355-368.
    • (1996) Free Rad. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 355-368
    • Mortensen, A.1    Skibsted, L.H.2
  • 52
    • 0029911509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of parallel electron transfer from β-carolene to phenoxyl radical and adduct formation between phenoxyl radical and β-carotene
    • A. Mortensen and L.H. Skibsted, Kinetics of parallel electron transfer from β-carolene to phenoxyl radical and adduct formation between phenoxyl radical and β-carotene, Free Rad. Res., 25 (1996) 515-523.
    • (1996) Free Rad. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 515-523
    • Mortensen, A.1    Skibsted, L.H.2
  • 53
    • 0345231708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of transient free radical carotenoid species
    • Leiden
    • A. Mortensen and L.H. Skibsted, Formation of transient free radical carotenoid species, Abstract, 11th Int. Symp. on Carotenoids, Leiden (1996) 68.
    • (1996) 11th Int. Symp. on Carotenoids , pp. 68
    • Mortensen, A.1    Skibsted, L.H.2
  • 56
    • 0030054089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant reactions of β-carotene: Identification of carotenoid-radical adducts
    • D.C. Liebler and T.D. McClure, Antioxidant reactions of β-carotene: Identification of carotenoid-radical adducts, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 9 (1996) 8-11.
    • (1996) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.9 , pp. 8-11
    • Liebler, D.C.1    McClure, T.D.2
  • 58
    • 0000816040 scopus 로고
    • Radical ions derived from hotosynthetic polyenes
    • E.A. Dawe and E.J. Land, Radical ions derived from hotosynthetic polyenes, J. Chem. Soc., Farad. Trans. 1, 71 (1975) 2162-2169.
    • (1975) J. Chem. Soc., Farad. Trans. 1 , vol.71 , pp. 2162-2169
    • Dawe, E.A.1    Land, E.J.2
  • 60
    • 0023688120 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of adriamycin-promoted microsomal lipid peroxidation by β-carotene, α-tocopherol and retinol at high and low oxygen partial pressures
    • G.F. Vile and C.C. Winterborne, Inhibition of adriamycin-promoted microsomal lipid peroxidation by β-carotene, α-tocopherol and retinol at high and low oxygen partial pressures, FEBS Lett., 238 (1988) 353-356.
    • (1988) FEBS Lett. , vol.238 , pp. 353-356
    • Vile, G.F.1    Winterborne, C.C.2
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0028285624 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activity of 9-cis compared to all-trans-β-carotene in vitro
    • G. Levin and S. Mokady, Antioxidant activity of 9-cis compared to all-trans-β-carotene in vitro, Free Rad. Biol. Med., 17 (1994) 77-82.
    • (1994) Free Rad. Biol. Med. , vol.17 , pp. 77-82
    • Levin, G.1    Mokady, S.2
  • 64
    • 0026630366 scopus 로고
    • Protection by β-carotene and related compounds against oxygen-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity: Implications for carcinogenesis and anticarcinogenesis
    • E.J. Rouseau, A.J. Davison and B. Dünn, Protection by β-carotene and related compounds against oxygen-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity: Implications for carcinogenesis and anticarcinogenesis, Free Rad. Biol. Med., 13 (1992) 407-433.
    • (1992) Free Rad. Biol. Med. , vol.13 , pp. 407-433
    • Rouseau, E.J.1    Davison, A.J.2    Dünn, B.3
  • 65
    • 0026744118 scopus 로고
    • Peroxyl radical scavenging by βcarotene in lipid bilayers
    • T.A. Kennedy and D.C. Liebler, Peroxyl radical scavenging by βcarotene in lipid bilayers, J. Biol. Chem., 267 (1992) 4658-4663.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 4658-4663
    • Kennedy, T.A.1    Liebler, D.C.2
  • 66
    • 0025994821 scopus 로고
    • The inhibition of radical-initialed peroxidation of microsomal lipids by both α-tocopherol and β-carotene
    • P. Palozza and N.I. Krinsky, The inhibition of radical-initialed peroxidation of microsomal lipids by both α-tocopherol and β-carotene, Free Rad. Biol. Med., 11 (1991) 407-414.
    • (1991) Free Rad. Biol. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 407-414
    • Palozza, P.1    Krinsky, N.I.2
  • 67
    • 0026688491 scopus 로고
    • β-carotene and α-tocopherol are synergistic antioxidants
    • P. Palozza and N.I. Krinsky, β-carotene and α-tocopherol are synergistic antioxidants, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 297 (1992) 184-187.
    • (1992) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.297 , pp. 184-187
    • Palozza, P.1    Krinsky, N.I.2
  • 69
    • 0028206446 scopus 로고
    • Lightmediated conversion of nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide by carotenoids
    • R.V. Cooney, P.J. Harwood, L.J. Custer and A.A. Franke, Lightmediated conversion of nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide by carotenoids, Environ. Health Perspect., 102 (1994) 460-462.
    • (1994) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.102 , pp. 460-462
    • Cooney, R.V.1    Harwood, P.J.2    Custer, L.J.3    Franke, A.A.4
  • 72
  • 73
    • 0029598850 scopus 로고
    • Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function
    • G. Britton, Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function. FASEB Journal, (1995) 1551-1558.
    • (1995) FASEB Journal , pp. 1551-1558
    • Britton, G.1
  • 74
    • 0030012125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of carotenoid radical cations and triplet states by laser flash photolysis and time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy: Observation of competitive energy and electron transfer
    • J.H. Tinkler, S.M. Tavender, A.W. Parker, D.J. McGarvey, L. Mulroy and T.G. Truscott, Investigation of carotenoid radical cations and triplet states by laser flash photolysis and time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy: Observation of competitive energy and electron transfer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118 (1996) 1756-1761.
    • (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.118 , pp. 1756-1761
    • Tinkler, J.H.1    Tavender, S.M.2    Parker, A.W.3    McGarvey, D.J.4    Mulroy, L.5    Truscott, T.G.6
  • 75
    • 0030250169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-carotene and disease: A suggested pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant mechanism and speculations concerning its role in cigarette smoking
    • T.G. Truscott, β-Carotene and disease: a suggested pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant mechanism and speculations concerning its role in cigarette smoking, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 35 (1996) 233-235.
    • (1996) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. , vol.35 , pp. 233-235
    • Truscott, T.G.1
  • 76
    • 0000695542 scopus 로고
    • The chemoprevention of cancer by dietary carotenoids: Studies in mouse and human cells
    • J.S. Bertram, The chemoprevention of cancer by dietary carotenoids: studies in mouse and human cells, Pure Appl. Chem., 88 (1994) 1025-1032.
    • (1994) Pure Appl. Chem. , vol.88 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Bertram, J.S.1
  • 77
    • 0031418651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological activities of natural and synthetic carotenoids: Induction of gap junctional communication and singlet oxygen quenching
    • W. Stahl, S. Nicolai, K. Briviba, M. Hanusch, G. Broszeit, M. Peters, H.D. Martin, H. Sies, Biological activities of natural and synthetic carotenoids: Induction of gap junctional communication and singlet oxygen quenching, Carcinogenesis. 18 (1997) 89-92.
    • (1997) Carcinogenesis , vol.18 , pp. 89-92
    • Stahl, W.1    Nicolai, S.2    Briviba, K.3    Hanusch, M.4    Broszeit, G.5    Peters, M.6    Martin, H.D.7    Sies, H.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.