Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and ESR applications in quaternary science and archaeometry

Radiation Measurements

Volumn 27, Issue 5-6, 1997, Pages 975-1025

  Rink, W J ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCITE; DOSIMETRY; GEOCHRONOLOGY; QUARTZ; TOOTH ENAMEL;

ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE DATING;

ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 0031246929     PISSN: 13504487     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(97)00219-9     Document Type: Article

References (381)

1. Abeyratne, M., Spooner, N. A., Grün, R. and Head, J. (1997) Multidating studies of Batadomba Cave, Sri Lanka. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 243-256.
2. Aitken, M. J. (1985) Thermoluminescence Dating. Academic Press, London.
3. Aitken, M. J. and Valladas, H. (1992) Luminescence dating relevant to human origins. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 337, 139-144.
4. Aitken, M. J., Clark, P. A. and Gaffney, C. F. (1985) Beta and gamma gradients. Nucl. Tracks 10, 647-653.
5. Angel, B. R., Jones, J. P. E. and Hall, P. L. (1974) Electron spin resonance studies of doped synthetic kaolinite I. Clay Mineral. 10, 247-255.
6. Antonov-Romanovsky, V. V. (1966) Kinetics of Photoluminescence of Phosphor Crystals. Nauka, Moscow.
7. Apers, D. J., Debuyst, R., de Canniere, B. P., Dejehet, F. and Lombard, E. (1981) A criticism of the dating by electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) of the stalagmitic floors of the Caune de l'Arago àTautavel. In: Absolute Dating and Isotope Analysis in Prehistory -Methods and Limits (eds DeLumley, H. and Labeyrie, J.), pp. 533-550 Prétirage, CNRS, Paris.
8. Ariyama, T. (1985) Conditions of resetting the ESR clock during faulting. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 249-256. Ionics, Tokyo.
9. Avery, G., Cruz-Uribe, K., Goldberg, P., Grine, F. E., Klein, R. G., Marean, C. W., Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H. P., Thackeray, A. I. and Wilson, M. L. (1997) The 1992-1993 excavations at the Die Kelders middle and late stone age cave site, South Africa. J. Field Archaeol. 24, 263-291.
10. Bahain, J.-J., Sarcia, M. N., Falguères, C. and Yokoyama, Y. (1993) Attempt at ESR dating of tooth enamel of French Middle Pleistocene sites. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 43, 267-272.
11. Bahain, J.-J., Yokoyama, Y., Falguères, C. and Bibron, R. (1994a) Choix du signal à utiliser lors de la datation par résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) de calcites stalagmitiques quaternaires. Compt. Ren. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. II 318, 375-379.
12. Bahain, J.-J., Yokoyama, Y., Falguères, C. and Bibron, R. (1995) Datation par resonance de spin electronique (ESR) de carbonates marins Quaternaires. Quaternaire 6, 13-19.
13. Bahain, J.-J., Yokoyama, Y., Falguères, C. and Sarcia, M. N. (1992) ESR dating of tooth enamel: A comparison with K-Ar dating. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 245-250.
14. Bahain, J.-J., Yokoyama, Y., Masaoudi, H., Falguères, C. and Laurent, M. (1994b) Thermal behaviour of ESR signals observed in various natural carbonates. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 671-674.
15. Barabas, M. (1989) ESR-Datierung von Karbonaten: Grundlagen, Systematik, Anwendungen. Dissertation, Heidelberg.
16. Barabas, M., Bach, A., Mudelsee, M. and Mangini, A. (1992a) General properties of the paramagnetic centre at g = 2.0006 in carbonates. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 165-171.
17. Barabas, M., Mudelsee, M., Walther, R. and Mangini, A. (1992b) Dose-response and thermal behaviour of the ESR signal at g = 2.0006 in carbonates. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 173-179.
18. Bell, W. T. (1980) Alpha dose attenuation in quartz grains for thermoluminescence dating. Ancient TL 12, 4-8.
19. Bershov, L. V., Marfunin, A. S. and Speranskiy, A. V. (1978) A new stable radiation center in quartz. Int. Geol. Rev. 22, 1225-1233.
20. Blackwell, B. A. (1994) Problems associated with reworked teeth in electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 651-660.
21. Blackwell, B. A. (1995) Electron spin resonance dating. In: Dating Methods for Quaternary Deposits (eds Rutter, N. W. and Catto, N. R.), pp. 209-268. Geotext 2, Geological Association of Canada, Newfoundland, Canada.
22. Blackwell, B. A. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1993) ESR isochron dating for teeth: A brief demonstration in solving the external dose calculation problem. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 43, 243-252.
23. 234U speleothem dates at La Chaise-de-Vouthon (Charente), France. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 231-244.
24. Blackwell, B. A., Schwarcz, H. P., Schick, K. and Toth, N. (1993) ESR dating tooth enamel from the Paleolithic site at Longola, Zambia. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 43, 253-260.
25. Borziac, I. A., Allsworth-Jones, P., French, C. A. I., Medyanik, S. I. and Rink, W. J. (1997) The Upper Palaeolithic site of Cuintu on the Middle Pruth: a multidisciplinary study and reinterpretation. Proc. Prehist. Soc. 16, 1-17.
26. Bowman, S. G. E. (1976) Thermoluminescence dating: the evaluation of radiation dosage. D. Phil, thesis, Oxford University.
27. Brennan, B. J., Rink, W. J., McGuirl, E. L., Schwarcz, H. P. and Prestwich, W. V. (1997a) Beta doses in tooth enamel by "One-Group" theory and the ROSY ESR dating software. Radiat. Meas. 27, 307-314.
28. Brennan, B. J., Schwarcz, H. P. and Rink, W. J. (1997b) Simulation of the gamma radiation field in lumpy environments. Radiat. Meas. 27, 299-305.
29. Brillibit, M. G., Klevezal, G. A., Mordvintoev, P. I., Sukhovskaya, L. I., Rzhenkov, V. A., Voevodskya, N. V. and Vanin, A. V. (1990) On the use of dental enamel as an in vivo dosimeter to gamma-rays. Hematologia 35, 11-15.
30. Brooks, A. S., Cramer, J. S., Franklin, A., Heinzelin, J., Helgren, D. M., Hornyak, W., Keating, J. M., Klein, R. G., Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H., Leith Smith, J. N., Stewart, K., Todd, N., Verniers, J. and Yellen, J. (1995) Dating and context of three Middle Stone Age sites with bone points in the Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. Science 268, 548-553.
31. Brumby, S. and Yoshida, H. (1994a) ESR dating of mollusc shell: Investigations with modern shell of four species. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 157-162.
32. Brumby, S. and Yoshida, H. (1994b) An investigation of the effect of sunlight on the ESR spectra of quartz centres: implications for dating. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 615-618.
33. Buhay, W. M. (1987) A theoretical study on ESR dating of geological faults in Southern California. M. Sc. thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
34. Buhay, W. M., Clifford, P. M. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1992) ESR dating of the Rotoiti Breccia in the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 267-271.
35. Buhay, W. M., Schwarcz, H. P. and Grün, R. (1988) ESR dating of fault gouge: the effect of grain size. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 515-522.
36. Çetin, O., Özer, A. M. and Wieser, A. (1994) ESR dating of tooth enamel from Karain excavation (Antalya, Turkey). Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 661-669.
37. Chafetz, H. S. and Folk, R. L. (1984) Travertines: depositional morphology and the bacterially constructed constituents. J. Sed. Petrol. 54, 289-316.
38. Chen, G., Blackwell, B., Schwarcz, H. P., Kurdos, L. and Skinner, A. R. F. (1996) Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of mammalian teeth from the Villanyian site, Kisláng, Hungary. In: Program and Abstracts Volume, 8th Int. Conf. on Luminescence and ESR Dating, April 22-26, 1996, Canberra, Australia, p. 52.
39. Chen, T., Quan, Y. and En, W. (1994a) Antiquity of Homo sapiens in China. Nature 368, 55-56.
40. Chen, T.-M., Yang, Q., Hu, Y.-Q., Bao, W.-B. and Li, T.-Y. (1997a) ESR dating of tooth enamel from Yunxian Homo erectus site, China. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 455-458.
41. Chen, Y., Brumby, S. and Gao, J. (1994b) Observations on the suitability of the signal at g = 2.0040 for ESR dating of secondary carbonates. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 675-678.
42. Chen, Y., Feng, J., Gao, J., Taylor, L. and Grün, R. (1997b) Observations on the micro-texture and ESR specta of quartz from fault gouge. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 487-493.
43. Chong, T. S., Iida, T. and Ieda, K. (1985) ESR studies in Naumann elephant teeth and natural minerals. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 335-340. Ionics, Tokyo.
44. Ciochon, R., Long, V. T., Larick, R., González, L., Grün, R., de Vos, J., Yonge, C., Taylor, L., Yoshida, H. and Reagan, R. (1996) Dated co-occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 3016-3020.
45. Debuyst, R., Dejehet, F., Grün, R., Apers, D. and de Cannière, P. (1984) Possibility of ESR dating without determination of annual dose. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 86, 399-410.
46. 210Po-coated geological and synthetic samples. Nucl. Tracks. Radiat. Meas. 11, 211-220.
47. Dennison, K. J., Oduwole, A. D. and Sales, K. D. (1997) The anomalous ESR dating signal intensity observed for human remains from the Namu burial site on the island of Taumako, Solomon Islands. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 459-464.
48. Desrosiers, M. F. and McLaughlin, W. L. (1989) Examination of γ-irradiated fruits and vegetables by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 34, 895-898.
49. Desrosiers, M. F. and Simic, M. G. (1988) Post-irradiation dosimetry of meat by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of bones. J. Agric. Food Chem. 36, 601-603.
50. Desrosiers, M. F., Simic, M. G., Eichmiller, F. C., Johnston, A. D. and Bowen, R. L. (1989) Mechanically-induced generation of radicals in tooth enamel. Int. J. Rad. Appl. Instrum. Ser. A. 40, 1195-1197.
51. Dodd, N., Lea, J. S. and Swallow, A. J. (1988) ESR detection of irradiated food. Nature 334, 387.
52. Eisenbud, M. (1973) Environmental radioactivity. Academic Press, London.
53. Ewert, U. and Herring, T. (1985) Numerical analysis in EPR zeugmatography with modulated gradient. J. Mag. Reson. 61, 11-21.
54. Falguères, C., Bahain, J.-J. and Saleki, H. (1997) U-series and ESR dating of teeth from Acheulian and Mousterial Levels at La Micoque (Dordogne, France). J. Archaeol. Sci. 24, 537-545.
55. Falguères, C., Miallier, D. and Sanzelle, S. (1994) Potential use of the E center as an indicator of initial resetting in TL/ESR of volcanic materials. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 619-623.
56. Falguères, C., Yokoyama, Y. and Bibron, R. (1990) Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of hominid-bearing deposits in the Caverna delle Fate, Ligure, Italy. Quat. Res. 34, 121-128.
57. Falguères, C., Yokoyama, Y. and Miallier, D. (1991) Stability of some centres in quartz. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 18, 155-162.
58. Farrand, W. R. (1994) Confrontation of geological stratigraphy and radiometric dates from Upper Pleistocene sites in the Levant. In: Late Quaternary Chronology and Paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean (eds Bar-Yosef, O. and Kra, R.), pp. 33-53. Radiocarbon, Arizona.
59. Friebele, E. J., Griscom, D. L., Stapelbroek, M. and Weeks, R. A. (1979) Fundamental defect centers in glass: the peroxy radical in irradiated, high purity silica. Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1346-1349.
60. Fukuchi, T. (1988) Applicability of ESR dating using multiple centres to fault movement - the case of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, a major fault in Japan. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 509-514.
61. Fukuchi, T. (1989a) Increase of radiation sensitivity of ESR centres by faulting and criteria of fault dates. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 94, 109-122.
62. Fukuchi, T. (1989b) Theoretical study on frictional heat by faulting using ESR. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1181-1193.
63. Fukuchi, T. (1989c) ESR dating of fault movement and frictional heating by faulting. Ph. D. dissertation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
64. Fukuchi, T. (1991) The Itoigoawa-Shizuoka tectonic line at the western edge of the south Fossa Magna, Japan. Mod. Geol. 15, 347-366.
65. Fukuchi, T. (1992a) A reply to comments by W. H. Buhay on "increase of radiation sensitivity of ESR centers by faulting and criteria of fault dates". Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 114, 211-213.
66. Fukuchi, T. (1992b) ESR studies for absolute dating of fault movements. J. Geol. Soc. London 149, 265-272.
67. Fukuchi, T. (1993) Vacancy-assisted type ESR centers observed in natural silica and their application to geology. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 179-184.
68. Fukuchi, T. (1996a) Direct ESR dating of fault gouge using clay minerals and the assessment of fault activity. Engin. Geol. 43, 201-211.
69. Fukuchi, T. (1996b) A mechanism of the formation of E" and peroxy centers in natural deformed quartz. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 1509-1521.
70. Fukuchi, T. (1996c) Quartet ESR signals detected from natural clay minerals and their applicability to radiation dosimetry and dating. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1977-1982.
71. Fukuchi, T., Imai, N. and Shimokawa, K. (1985) Dating of the fault movement by various ESR signals in quartz - cases of the faults in the South Fossa Magna, Japan. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T. ), pp. 211-217. Ionics, Tokyo.
72. Fukuchi, T., Imai, N. and Shimokawa, K. (1986) ESR dating of fault movement using various defect centres in quartz; the case of the western South Fossa Magna, Japan. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 78, 121-128.
73. Furusawa, M. (1989) Development of a scanning ESR microscope. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
74. Furusawa, M. (1992) Development of ESR imaging and its application. Ph. D. dissertation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
75. Furuta, H. (1996) ESR imaging of alanine dosimeters annealed under thermal gradient. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
76. Garrison, E. G. (1989) Characterization of an ESR geochronological dating center in flints. Phys. Chem. Miner. 16, 767-773.
77. Garrison, E. G., Rowlett, R. M., Cowan, D. L. and Holroyd, L. V. (1981) ESR dating of ancient flints. Nature 290, 44-45.
78. Geyh, M. A. and Hennig, G. J. (1986) Multiple dating of a long flowstone core. Radiocarbon 28, 503-509.
79. Geyh, M. A. and Hennig, G. J. (1987) Multiple dating of a long flowstone core. Reply. Radiocarbon 129, 153-155.
80. Gray, S. C., Hein, J. R., Hausmann, R. and Radtke, U. (1992) Geochronology and subsurface stratigraphy of Pukapuka and Rakahanga atolls, Cook Islands: Late Quaternary reef growth and sea level history. Palaeogeog., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 91, 377-394.
81. Griffiths, D. R., Robins, G. V., Seeley, N. J., Chandra, H., McNeil, D. A. C. and Symons, M. C. R. (1982) Trapped methyl radicals in chert. Nature 300, 435-436.
82. Griffiths, D. R., Seeley, N. J., Chandra, H. and Symons, M. C. R. (1983) ESR dating of heated chert. PACT J. 9, 399-409.
83. Grün, R. (1985a) Beiträge zur ESR-Datierung. Sonderveröffentlichungen des Geologischen Instituts der Universität zu Köln 59, 1-157.
84. Grün, R. (1985b) ESR-dating speleothem records: limits of the method. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 61-72. Ionics, Tokyo.
85. Grün, R. (1986a) ESR dating of a flowstone core from Cova de Sa Basa Blana (Mallorca, Spain). ENDINS 12, 19-23.
86. Grün, R. (1986b) Beta dose attenuation in thin layers. Ancient TL 5, 6-8.
87. Grün, R. (1989a) Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. Quat. Int. 1, 65-109.
88. Grün, R. (1989b) Present status of ESR dating. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1045-1056.
89. Grün, R. (1991) Electron spin resonance age estimates on elephant teeth from the Balderton Sand and Gravel. Appendix 5. In: The Balderton Sand and Gravel: Pre-Ipswichian Cold Stage Fluvial Deposits near Lincoln, England (eds Brandon, A. and Sumbler, M. G.), pp. 135-137.
90. Grün, R. (1993) Status and present problems in ESR dating. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1045-1055.
91. Grün, R. (1995) Semi non-destructive, single aliquot ESR dating. Ancient TL 13, 3-8.
92. Grün, R. (1996) A re-analysis of electron spin resonance dating results associated with the Petralona hominid. J. Human Evol. 30, 227-241.
93. Grün, R. and Brunnacker, K. (1987) ESR Datierung eines Mammuth-Zahnes aus dem Travertinbruch "Lauster", Stuttgart-Bad Canstatt. Jahrb. Geol. Landes. Baden-Würtemburg 28, 43-47.
94. Grün, R. and Clapp, R. (1997) An automated sample changer for Bruker ESR spectrometers. Ancient TL 14, 1-6.
95. Grün, R. and Invernati, C. (1985) Uranium accumulation in teeth and its effect on ESR dating - a detailed study of a mammoth tooth. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 10, 869-878.
96. Grün, R. and McDermott, F. (1994) Open System Modelling for U-series and ESR dating of teeth. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 121-126.
97. Grün, R. and Rhodes, E. J. (1991) On the selection of dose points for saturating exponential ESR/TL dose response curves. Ancient TL 9, 40-46.
98. Grün, R. and Rhodes, E. J. (1992) Simulations of saturating exponential ESR/TL dose response curves -weighting of intensity values by inverse variance. Ancient TL 10, 50-56.
99. Grün, R. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1987a) Comments on multiple dating of a long flowstone core. Radiocarbon 29, 148-152.
100. Grün, R. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1987b) Some remarks on "ESR dating of bones". Ancient TL 5, 1-9.
101. Grün, R. and Stringer, C. B. (1991) Electron spin resonance dating and the evolution of modern humans. Archaeometry 33, 153-199.
102. Grün, R. and Taylor, L. (1996) Uranium and thorium in the constituents of fossil teeth. Ancient TL 14, 21-26.
103. 14C analysis of teeth from archaeological sites showing anomalous ESR dating results. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 437-444.
104. Grün, R., Beaumont, P. B. and Stringer, C. B. (1990a) ESR dating evidence for early modern humans at Border Cave in South Africa. Nature 344, 537-539.
105. Grün, R., Brink, J. S., Spooner, N. A., Taylor, L., Stringer, C. B., Franciscus, R. G. and Murray, A. S. (1996) Direct dating of Florisbad Hominid. Nature 382, 500-501.
106. Grün, R., Huang, P.-H., Wu, X., Stringer, C. B., Thorne, A. G. and McCullouch, M. (1997b) ESR analysis of teeth from the palaeoanthropological site of Zhoukoudian, China. J. Human Evol. 32, 83-91.
107. Grün, R., Kohno, H., Tani, A., Yamanaka, C., Ikeya, M. and Huang, H. P. (1997c) Pulsed ESR measurements on fossil teeth. Radiat. Meas. 27, 425-432.
108. Grün, R., Mellars, P. and Laville, H. (1991a) ESR chronology of a 100 000-year archaeological sequence at Pech de l'Aze II, France. Antiquity 65, 544-551.
109. Grün, R., Radtke, U. and Omura, A. (1992) ESR and U-series analyses on corals from Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 197-202.
110. Grün, R., Rink, W. J. and Smalley, P. C. (1994) ESR analysis of the E centre in quartz grains and quartz cement of sandstones. In: Printed Abstracts, 7th Int. Spec. Sem. Thermolum. and Elec. Spin. Res. Dating. Krems, Austria, 5-9 July, 1994.
111. Grün, R., Schwarcz, H. P. and Chadam, J. M. (1988) ESR dating of tooth enamel: coupled correction for U-uptake and U-series disequilibrium. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 14, 237-241.
112. Grün, R., Schwarcz, H. P. and Zymela, S. (1987) ESR dating of tooth enamel. Can. J. Earth. Sci. 24, 1022-1037.
113. Grün, R., Shackleton, N. and Deacon, H. J. (1990b) Electron spin resonance dating of tooth enamel from Klasies River Mouth Cave. Curr. Anthrop. 31, 427-432.
114. Grün, R., Stringer, C. B. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1991b) ESR dating of teeth from Garrod's Tabun Cave collection. J. Human Evol. 20, 231-248.
115. Hantoro, W. S., Pirazzoli, P. A., Jouannic, C., Faure, H., Hoang, C. T., Radtke, U., Causse, C., Boral Best, B., Lafant, R., Bieda, S. and Lambeck, K. (1994) Quaternary uplifted coral reef terraces on Alor island, East Indonesia. Coral Reefs 13, 215-223.
116. Hashimoto, S. (1994) Palaeoenvironment of Middle to Late Pleistocene inferred from ESR age and C/N ratios of cored sediments from Chitose, Hokkaido. M. Sc. thesis, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
117. Haskell, E. H., Hayes, R. B. and Kenner, G. H. (1996a) Preparation-induced errors in EPR dosimetry of enamel: pre- and post-crushing sensitivity. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 1305-1310.
118. Haskell, E. H., Hayes, R. B. and Kenner, G. H. (1996b) Plasterboard as an emergency EPR dosimeter. Health Phys. 71, 95.
119. Haskell, E. H., Hayes, R. B. and Kenner, G. H. (1997) Improved accuracy of EPR dosimetry using a constant rotation goniometer. Radiat. Meas. 27, 325-329.
120. Haskell, E. H., Kenner, G. H. and Hayes, R. B. (1995) Electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry of dentine following removal of organic material. Health Phys. 68, 579-584.
121. Hataya, R., Tanaka, K. and Miki, T. (1997) Studies on a new ESR signal (R signal) of fault gouges for fault dating. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 477-481.
122. Hayes, R. B., Haskell, E. H. and Kenner, G. H. (1997) A mathematical approach to optimal selection of dose values in the additive dose method of EPR dosimetry. Radiat. Meas. 27, 315-323.
123. Hennig, G. J. and Grün, R. (1983) ESR dating in Quaternary geology. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2, 157-238.
124. Hirai, M. (1997) Effects of radiation and annealing on the E center in crushed quartz. Ph. D. dissertation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
125. 2 and future ESR dating of outer planets. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 33, L1453.
126. Hobbie, R. K. (1987) Interaction of photons and charged particles with matter. In: Nuclear Medical Physics V.1 (ed. Williams, L. E.), pp. 65-142. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida.
127. Hochi, A. (1993) Applications of microwave scanning ESR microscopes: synthetic crystals and CVD thin films. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
128. Hosokawa, K. (1995) Band patterns in speleothems. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
129. Huang, P. H., Jin, S. Z., Liang, R. Y., Lu, Z. J., Zheng, I. Z., Yuan, Z. X. and Cai, B. X. (1991a) Study of ESR dating for the burial age of the first skull of Peking man and chronological scale of the site. Chinese Sci. Bull. (In Chinese) 36, 1457-1461.
130. Huang, P. H., Jin, S. Z., Liang, R. Y., Lu, Z. J., Zheng, I. Z., Yuan, Z. X. and Cai, B. X. (1991b) Study of ESR dating for the burial age of the first skull of Peking man and chronological scale of the cave deposits at Zhoukoudian, site locality I. Acta Anthropol. Sinica (In Chinese) 10, 107-115.
131. Huang, P. H., Liang, R. Y., Jin, S. H., Peng, Z. C. and Rutter, N. W. (1989) Study on accumulated dose in littoral shells of Argentina. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1119-1122.
132. Huang, W., Ciochon, R., Gu, Y., Larick, R., Fang, Q., Yonge, C., de Vos, J., Schwarcz, H. P. and Rink, W. J. (1995) Earliest hominids and artifacts from Asia: Longgupo Cave, Central China. Nature 378, 275-278.
133. Huntley, D. J., Hutton, J. T. and Prescott, J. R. (1993) Optical dating using inclusions within quartz grains. Geology 21, 1087-1090.
134. Hütt, G., Molodkov, A., Kessel, H. and Raukas, A. (1985) ESR dating of subfossil Holocene shells in Estonia. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 10, 891-898.
135. 2O: for the study of Quaternary environmental history. Ph. D. dissertation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
136. Ikeda, S. and Ikeya, M. (1992) Electron spin resonance (ESR) signals in natural and synthetic gypsum: An application of ESR to the age estimation of gypsum precipitates from the San Andreas Fault. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 31, L136-138.
137. Ikeda, S., Kasuya, M. and Ikeya, M. (1991) ESR ages of Middle Pleistocene corals from the Ryukyu Islands. Quat. Res. 36, 61-71.
138. Ikeda, S., Kasuya, M. and Ikeya, M. (1992a) ESR dating of corals and pre-annealing effects on ESR signals. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 203-207.
139. 2 radicals in massive coral as an environmental indicator. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 31, L1644-1646.
140. Ikeya, M. (1975) Dating a stalactite by electron paramagnetic resonance. Nature 255, 48-50.
141. Ikeya, M. (1982) A model of linear uranium accumulation for ESR age of heidelberg (Mauer) and Tautavel bones. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 21, L690-692.
142. Ikeya, M. (1985) ESR ages of bones in paleo-anthropology: uranium and fluorine accumulation. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 373-379. Ionics, Tokyo.
143. Ikeya, M. (1987) Electron Spin Resonance Dating. Ionics, Tokyo (in Japanese).
144. Ikeya, M. (1988) Dating and radiation dosimetry with electron spin resonance (ESR). Magn. Res. Rev. 13, 91-134.
145. Ikeya, M. (1993a) New Applications of Electron Spin Resonance: Dating, Dosimetry and Microscopy. World Scientific, Singapore.
146. Ikeya, M. (1994a) ESR and ESR microscopy in geosciences and radiation dosimetry. Appl. Mag. Reson. 7, 237-255.
147. Ikeya, M. (1994b) ESR dating, dosimetry and microscopy: A trip to interdisciplinary fields as a wanderer from physics of defects. Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. B 91, 43-51.
148. Ikeya, M. and Ishii, H. (1989) Atomic bomb and accident dosimetry with ESR: natural rocks and human tooth in vivo spectrometer. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1021-1027.
149. Ikeya, M. and Miki, T. (1980) Electron spin resonance dating of animal and human bones. Science 207, 977-979.
150. Ikeya, M. and Miki, T. (1985) ESR dating of organic materials: from potato chips to a dead body. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 10, 909-912.
151. Ikeya, M. and Ohmura, K. (1981) Dating of fossil shells with electron spin resonance. J. Geol. 89, 247-251.
152. 234U ages. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 65, 34-38.
153. Ikeya, M. and Toyoda, S. (1991) Thermal effect in metamorphic rock around an intrusion zone with ESR studies. Appl. Mag. Reson. 2, 69-81.
154. Ikeya, M., Baffa, F. O. and Mascarenhas, S. (1989) Quality assessment of coffee beans with ESR. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1219-1222.
155. Ikeya, M., Miki, T. and Tanaka, K. (1982) Dating of a fault by electron spin resonance on intrafault materials. Science 215, 1392-1393.
156. Ikeya, M., Miyajima, J. and Okajima, S. (1984) ESR dosimetry for atomic bomb survivors using shell buttons and tooth enamel. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 23, L699-701.
157. Ikeya, M., Tani, A. and Yamanaka, C. (1995) Electron spin resonance isochrone dating of fracture age: Grain-size dependence of dose rates for fault gouge. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 34, L334-337.
158. Ildefonse, P., Muller, J.-P., Clozel, B. and Calas, G. (1990) Study of two alteration systems as natural analogues for radionuclide release and migration. Eng. Geol. 29, 413-439.
159. Imai, N. and Shimokawa, K. (1989) ESR dating of the tephra "crystal ash" distributed in Shinshu, Central Japan. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1177-1180.
160. Imai, N. and Shimokawa, K. (1993) ESR ages and trace elements in a fossil mollusc shell. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 161-165.
161. Imai, N., Shimokawa, K. and Hirohita, M. (1985) ESR dating of volcanic ash. Nature 314, 81-83.
162. Imai, N., Shimokawa, K. and Watanabe, Y. (1996) Electron spin resonance study of chert. In: Program and Abstracts Volume, 8th Int. Conf. on Luminescence and ESR Dating, April 22-26, 1996, Canberra, Australia, pp. 165-166.
163. Imai, N., Shimokawa, K. and Yamamoto, M. (1994) ESR study of radiation centers and thermal behavior in chert. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 641-645.
164. Ishii, H. (1993) Study of radiation-induced defects in apatites and application to dosimetry. Ph. D. dissertation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
165. Ishii, H. and Ikeya, M. (1990) An electron spin resonance system for in vivo human teeth dosimetry. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 29, 871.
166. 2. Phys. Rev. B 27, 2285-2293.
167. Johnston, A. C. (1989) The effects of large ice sheets on earthquake genesis. In: Earthquakes at North Atlantic Passive Margins: Neotectonics and Post Glacial Rebound (eds Gregerson, S. and Basham, P. W.), pp. 581-589. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.
168. Jonas, M. (1997) Concepts and methods of ESR dating. Radiat. Meas..
169. Jonas, M. and Grün, R. (1997) Q-band ESR studies of fossil tooth enamel: implications for spectrum deconvolution and dating. Radiat. Meas. 27, 49-58.
170. Jonas, M. and Marseglia, E. (1997) The case for use of integrated spectrum deconvolution in ESR dating - a numerically generated example. Radiat. Meas. 27, 359-363.
171. Jonas, M., Zhou, L. P., Marseglia, E. A. and Mellars, P. (1994) New analysis of ESR spectra of fossil tooth enamel. Comb. Archaeol. J. 4, 139-146.
172. 3 and its application to ESR dating and dosimetry. Ph. D. dissertation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
173. Kai, A. and Ikeya, M. (1989) ESR study of fossil shells in sediments at Hamana lake. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1139-1142.
174. Kanamori, H. (1997) ESR dating of a Herkimer diamond and the environment in which it has grown. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
175. 2. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
176. 2 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 1433-1436.
177. Karakostanaglou, I. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1983) ESR isochron dating. PACT 9, 391-398.
178. Kinoshita, Y. (1997) ESR dosimetry and precursor phenomena. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
179. Knoll, G. F. (1989) Radiation Detection and Measurement. John Wiley, New York.
180. Koba, M., Tamura, M., Ikeya, M., Kaigara, T., Nakashima, Y. and Kan, H. (1987) Quaternary shorelines and crustal movements on Minamidaito-jima, Northwestern Pacific. In: Late Quaternary Sea-level Changes (eds Qin, Y. and Zhao, S.), pp. 187-198. China Ocean Press, Beijing.
181. + and gamma irradiation. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
182. Kohno, H. (1996) Electron spin echo of minerals for dating and dosimetry. Ph. D. dissertation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
183. Kvasniĉa, J. (1979) Dose rate and flux density of cosmic muons estimated by TLD method. Health Phys. 36, 521-524.
184. Lamothe, M. (1988) Dating till using thermoluminescence. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 273-276.
185. Lau, B., Blackwell, B., Schwarcz, H. P., Turk, I. and Blickstein, J. I. (1997) Dating a flautist? Using ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) in the Mousterian cave deposits at Divje Babe I, Slovenia. Geoarchaeology 12, 507-536.
186. Laurent, M., Falguères, C., Bahain, J.-J. and Yokoyama, Y. (1994) Géochronologie du système de terrasses fluviatiles quaternaires du bassin de la Somme par datation RPE sur quartz, déséquilibres des familles de l'uranium et magnétostratigrapie. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. II. 318, 521-526.
187. Lea, J. S., Dodd, N. J. F. and Swallow, A. J. (1988) A method of testing for irradiation of poultry. J. Food Sci. Tech. 23, 34-40.
188. Lee, H. K. (1994) ESR dating of fault rocks. Ph. D. dissertation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
189. Lee, H. K. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1993) An experimental study of shear-induced zeroing of ESR signals in quartz. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 191-195.
190. Lee, H. K. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1994a) ESR plateau dating of fault gouge. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 629-634.
191. Lee, H. K. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1994b) Criteria for complete zeroing of ESR signals during faulting of the San Gabriel fault zone, southern California. Tectonophysics 235, 317-337.
192. Lee, H. K. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1995) Fractal clustering of fault activity in California. Geology 23, 377-380.
193. Lee, H. K. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1996) ESR plateau dating of periodicity of activity on the San Gabriel fault zone, southern California. GSA Bull. 108, 735-746.
194. Lee, H. K., Rink, W. J. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1997) Comparison of ESR signal dose responses in modern and fossil tooth enamels. Radiat. Meas. 27, 405-411.
195. Lyons, R. G. and Brennan, B. J. (1989) Alpha-particle effectiveness in ESR dating: energy dependence and implications for dose rate calculations. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1063-1070.
196. Lyons, R. G. and Brennan, B. J. (1991) Alpha/gamma effectiveness ratio of calcite speleothems. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 18, 223-227.
197. Lyons, R. G., Brennan, B. J. and Readhead, M. (1993) Games with gammas: problems in environmental gamma dose determination. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 131-137.
198. Lyons, R. G. A. (1989) Contributions to electron spin resonance dating, with special reference to speleothems. Ph. D. thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
199. Mackey, J. H. (1963) EPR study of impurity-related color centers in germanium-doped quartz. J. Chem. Phys. 39, 74-83.
200. MacPhee, R. D. E., McFarlane, D. A. and Ford, D. C. (1989) Pre-Wisconsinan mammals from Jamaica and models of Late Quaternary extinction in the Greater Antilles. Quat. Res. 31, 94-106.
201. Marfunin, A. S. (1979) Spectroscopy, Luminescence and Radiation Centers in Minerals. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
202. Marks, A. E., Demidenko, Yu. E., Monigal, K., Usik, V. I., Ferring, C. R., Burke, A., Rink, W. J. and McKinney, C. (1997) Starosele: New excavations, new and different results. Curr. Anthrop. 37, 112-123.
203. Maruyama, S. (1995) ESR signals correlated with the chemical species in irradiated ice. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
204. Matsuda, T. (1976) Empirical rules on sense and rate of recent crustal movements. J. Geod. Soc. Japan 22, 252-263.
205. McDermott, F., Grün, R., Stringer, C. B. and Hawkesworth, C. J. (1993) Mass-spectrometric U-series dates for Israeli Neanderthal/early modern hominid sites. Nature 363, 252-255.
206. McDermott, F., Stringer, C. B., Grün, R., Williams, C. T., Din, V. K. and Hawkesworth, C. J. (1996) New Mid-Pleistocene uranium-thorium and ESR dates for the Singa hominid (Sudan). J. Human Evol. 31, 507-516.
207. McKinney, C. R. (1991) The determination of the reliability of uranium series dating of enamel, dentine and bore. Dissertation, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, U.S.A.
208. McMorris, D. W. (1970) ESR detection of fossil alpha damage in quartz. Nature 226, 146-148.
209. Meguro, K. (1993) A new method to stabilize radicals in inorganic materials. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
210. Mellars, P. and Grün, R. (1991) A comparison of the electron spin resonance and thermoluminescence dating methods: the results of the ESR dating at Le Moustier (France). Camb. Arch. J. 1, 269-276.
211. Mellars, P. A., Zhou, L. P. and Marseglia, E. A. (1997) Compositional inhomogeneity of sediments and its potential effects on dose rate estimation for electron spin resonance dating of tooth enamel. Archaeometry 39, 169-176.
212. Mejdahl, V. (1979) Thermoluminescence dating: beta-dose attenuation in quartz grains. Archaeometry 21, 61-72.
213. Mercier, N., Valladas, H. and Valladas, G. (1995) Flint thermoluminescence dates from the CFR laboratory at GIF: contributions to the study of the chronology of the Middle Palaeolithic. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 14, 351-364.
214. Miallier, D., Faïn, J., Sanzelle, S., Pilleyre, Th., Montret, M., Soumana, A. and Falguères, C. (1994a) Attempts at dating pumice deposits around 580 ka by use of red TL and ESR of xenolithic quartz inclusions. Radiat. Meas. 23, 399-404.
215. Miallier, D., Sanzelle, S., Faïn, J., Montret, M., Pilleyre, Th., Soumana, A. and Falguères, C. (1994b) Intercomparisons of red TL and ESR signals from heated quartz grains. Radiat. Meas. 23, 143-153.
216. Michel, V. (1995a) Etude des influences des processus de fossilisation sur le fondement de la datation radiométrique. Application à la datation par U-TH et ESR de mâchoires (os, dent) de Cervus elephas des nivequx archéologiques de la grotte du Lazaret. Doctorat These, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institute de Paléontologie Humaine, Préhistoire, Paris.
217. Michel, V. (1995b) Chemical and structural changes in Cervus elephas tooth enamels during fossilization (Lazaret cave): a combined IR and XRD Rietveld analysis. Appl. Geochem. 10, 145-159.
218. Miki, T. and Ikeya, M. (1982) Physical basis of fault dating with ESR. Naturwiss. 69, 390-391.
219. Miki, T., Kai, A. and Ikeya, M. (1988) ESR dating of organic substance utilizing paramagnetic degradation products. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 14, 253-258.
220. Miyamaru, H. (1992) ESR imaging using an array of microwires. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
221. Molodkov, A. and Hütt, G. (1985) ESR dating of subfossil shells: Some refinements. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 145-155. Ionics, Tokyo.
222. Monigal, K., Marks, A. E., Demidenko, Yu. E., Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H. P., Ferring, C. R. and McKinney, C. (1997) Nouvelles decouvertes de restes humains au site Paleolithique Moyen de Starosele, Crimee (Ukraine). Préhistoire Européene, Vol. 11.
223. Monnier, J.-L., Hallégouet, B., Hinguant, S., Hinguant, S., Laurent, M., Auguste, P., Bahain, J. J., Falguères, C., Beghardt, A., Marguerie, D., Molines, N., Morazdec, H. and Yokoyama, Y. (1994) A new regional group of the Lower Paleolithic in Brittany (France), recently dated by ESR. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. II 319, 155-160.
224. Murray, A. S. (1981) Environmental radioactivity studies relevant to thermoluminescence dating. D. Phil, thesis, University of Oxford, UK.
225. Nakazato, H., Shimokawa, K. and Imai, N. (1993) ESR dating for Pleistocene shell fossils and value of annual dose. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 167-173.
226. Nambi, K. S. V. and Aitken, M. J. (1986) Annual dose conversion factors for TL and ESR dating. Archaeometry. 28, 202-205.
227. Ninagawa, K., Yamamato, I., Yamashita, Y., Wada, T., Sakai, H. and Fujii, T. (1985) Comparison of ESR with TL for fossil calcite shells. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 175-180. Ionics, Tokyo.
228. Nishiwaki, Y. and Shimano, T. (1990) Uncertainties in dose estimation under emergency conditions and ESR dosimetry with human teeth. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 34, 295-297.
229. Odom, A. L. and Rink, W. J. (1989) The natural accumulation of Schottky-Frenkel defects: Implications for a quartz geochronometer. Geology 17, 55-58.
230. Oduwole, A. D. and Sales, K. D. (1994) Transient ESR signals induced by γ-irradiation in tooth enamel and bone. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 647-650.
231. 2 for dating of meteor impact craters M.Sc. Thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
232. 2. Ph. D. dissertation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
233. Ogoh, K., Toyoda, S., Ikeda, S., Ikeya, M. and Goff, F. (1993) History of the youngest members of the Valles Rhyolite, Valles Caldera, New Mexico. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 233-237.
234. Oka, T. (1996) Analysis of band patterns in carbonates. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
235. Oka, T., Grün, R., Tani, A., Yamanaka, C., Ikeya, M. and Huang, H. P. (1997) ESR microscopy of fossil teeth. Radiat. Meas. 27, 331-337.
236. Okashita, M. (1997) Studies on the origins of loess by ESR. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
237. Omura, T. (1995) Precise estimation and imaging of total dose of natural minerals. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
238. 2O) growth by ESR microscope. Geochem J. 29, 317-324.
239. Özer, A. M. (1985) Electron spin resonance studies of ancient flints in Turkey. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 10, 899-908.
240. Özer, A. M., Wieser, A., Göksu, H. Y., Müller, P., Regulla, D. F. and Erol, O. (1989) ESR and TL age determination of caliche nodules. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1159-1161.
241. Parenti, F., Mercier, N. and Valladas, H. (1990) The oldest hearths of Pedra Furada, Brasil: thermoluminescence analysis of heated stones. Curr. Res. Pleist. 7, 36-38.
242. Pass, B. and Aldrich, J. E. (1985) Dental enamel as an in vivo dosimeter. Med. Phys. 12, 305.
243. 14C methods. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 1127-1131.
244. Pirazzoli, P. A., Radtke, U., Hantoro, W. S., Jouannic, C., Hoang, C. T., Causse, C. and Borel Best, M. (1991) Quaternary raised coral-reef terraces on Sumba Island, Indonesia. Science 252, 1834-1836.
245. Pirazzoli, P. A., Radtke, U., Hantoro, W. S., Jouannic, C., Hoang, C. T., Causse, C. and Borel Best, M. (1993) A one million-year-long sequence of marine terraces on Sumba island, Indonesia. Marine Geol. 109, 221-236.
246. Piveteau, J. (1952) Traité de Paléontologie , Vol. 2. Masson et Cie, Paris.
247. Polyakov, V., Haskell, E., Kenner, G., Hütt, G. and Hayes, R. (1995) Effect of mechanically induced background signal on EPR dosimetry of tooth enamel. Radiat. Meas. 24, 249-254.
248. Porat, N. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1991) Use of signal subtraction methods in ESR dating of burned flint. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 18, 203-212.
249. Porat, N. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1994) ESR dating of tooth enamel: A universal growth curve. In: Integrative Paths to the Past: Paleoanthropological Advances in Honor of F. C. Howell (eds Corrucini, R. and Chiochon, R.), pp. 521-530. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
250. Porat, N. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1995) Problems in determining lifetimes of ESR signals in natural and burned flint by isothermal annealing. Radiat. Meas. 24, 161-167.
251. Porat, N., Amit, R. and Zilberman, E. (1994a) Electron spin resonance dating of carbonate nodules from Shivta, Western Negev -preliminary results. Curr. Res. Geol. Surv. Israel 9, 41-46.
252. Porat, N., Schwarcz, H. P., Valladas, H., Bar-Yosef, O. and Vandermeersch, B. (1994b) Electron spin resonance dating of burned flint from Kebara Cave, Israel. Geoarchaeology 9, 393-407.
253. Poupeau, G. and Rossi, A. M. (1989) Electron spin resonance dating. In: Nuclear Methods of Dating (eds Roth, E. and Poty, E.), pp. 275-293. CEA, Paris.
254. Prescott, J. R. and Hutton, J. T. (1988) Cosmic ray and gamma ray dosimetry for TL and ESR. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 14, 223-227.
255. Prescott, J. R. and Hutton, J. T. (1994) Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: large depths and long-term time variations. Radiat. Meas. 23, 497-500.
256. Prescott, J. R. and Stephan, L. G. (1982) The contribution of cosmic radiation to the environmental dose for thermoluminescence dating. PACT 6, 17-25.
257. Prestwich, W. V., Nunes, J. C. and Kwok, C. S. (1997) Beta interface dosimetry in the "one group approximation". Radiat. Phys. Chem. 49, 945-951.
258. Radtke, U. (1988) How to avoid "useless" radiocarbon dating. Nature 333, 304-308.
259. Radtke, U. and Brückner, H. (1991) Investigation on age and genesis of silcretes in Queensland (Australia): preliminary results. Earth Surf. Proc. Landforms 16, 547-554.
260. Radtke, U. and Grün, R. (1988) ESR dating of corals. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 465-470.
261. Radtke, U., Brückner, H., Mangini, A. and Hausmann, R. (1988a) Problems encountered with absolute dating (U-series, ESR) of Spanish calcretes. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 439-446.
262. Radtke, U., Grün, R., Omura, A. and Mangini, A. (1996) The Quaternary coral reef tracts of Hateruma, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Quat. Int. 31, 61-70.
263. Radtke, U., Grün, R. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1988b) New results from ESR dating of Pleistocene coral reef tracts of Barbados (W.I.). Quat. Res. 29, 197-215.
264. 234U and ESR-dating of fossil shells in Pleistocene marine terraces (Northern Latium, Central Italy). Quaternaria 23, 37-50.
265. Radtke, U., Mangini, A. and Grün, R. (1985) ESR dating of fossil marine shells. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 10, 879-884.
266. Rakov, L. T., Milovidova, N. D., Kuvshinova, K. A. and Moiseyev, B. M. (1986) An ESR study of Ge centers in natural polycrystalline quartz. Geochem. Int. 23(3), 61-66.
267. Rink, W. J. (1990) Experimental and theoretical investigation of radiation-induced, electron paramagnetic resonance-detected point defects in quartz: Implications for geochronometry. Ph. D. dissertation, Florida State University.
268. Rink, W. J. and Odom, A. L. (1991) Natural alpha recoil particle radiation and ionizing radiation sensitivities in quartz detected with EPR: Implications for geochronometry. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 18, 163-173.
269. Rink, W. J. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1994) Dose response of the ESR dating signal in modern and fossil tooth enamel. Radiat. Meas. 23, 481-484.
270. Rink, W. J. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1995) Tests for diagenesis in tooth enamel: ESR dating signals and carbonate contents. J. Archaeol. Sci. 22, 251-255.
271. Rink, W. J. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1997) Uranium uptake and loss: new evidence based on coupled ESR/mass spectrometric U-series dating.
272. Rink, W. J. and Smith, K. (1997) Non-destructive whole-object ESR provenance analysis of archaeological materials: a first attempt on jasper.
273. Rink, W. J. and Yang, Q. (submitted) Experimental determinations of beta attenuation in planar dose geometry and application to ESR dating of tooth enamel. Radiat. Meas. (in press).
274. Rink, W. J., Grün, R., Yalçinkaya, I., Otte, M., Taskiran, H., Valladas, H., Mercier, N., Bar-Yosef, O., Koslowski, J. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1994) ESR dating of the Last Interglacial Mousterian at Karaïn Cave, southern Turkey. J. Archaeol. Sci. 21, 839-849.
275. Rink, W. J., Lee, H. K., Rees-Jones, J. and Goodger, K. A. (1998) Electron spin resonance (ESR) and mass-spectrometric U-series dating of teeth in Crimean Middle Palaeolithic sites: Starosele, Kobazi II and Kobazi V. In: Palaeolithic of the Crimea, Vol. 1 (eds Marks, A. E. and Chaboi, V. P.), pp. 323-340. ERAUL, Liege.
276. 14C at El Castillo Cave, Spain. J. Archaeol. Sci. 23, 945-951.
277. Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H. P., Lee, H. K., Cabrera Valdés, V., Bernaldo de Quiros, F. and Hoyos, M. (1997) ESR dating of Mousterian levels at El Castillo Cave, Cantabria, Spain. J. Archaeol. Sci. 24, 593-600.
278. Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H. P., Smith, F. H. and Radovcic, J. (1995) ESR dating of Krapina hominids. Nature 378, 24.
279. Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H. P., Stuart, A. J., Lister, A. M., Marseglia, E. and Brennan, B. J. (1996b) ESR dating of the Type Cromerian Fresh Water Bed at West Runton, U.K.. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 15, 727-738.
280. Rink, W. J., Schwarcz, H. P., Valoch, K., Seitl, L. and Stringer, C. B. (1996c) Dating of the Micoquian Industry and Neanderthal remains at Kulna, Czech Republic. J. Archaeol. Sci. 23, 889-901.
281. Rink, W. J., Yang, Q. and Brennan, B. J. (1997) Experimental determination of beta attenuation in thin layers of tooth enamel.
282. Robins, G. V., Seeley, N. J., Symons, M. C. R. and McNeil, D. A. C. (1978) Identification of ancient heat treatment in flint artefacts by ESR spectroscopy. Nature 276, 703-704.
283. Rossi, A. M., Poupeau, G., Chaix, O., Raffi, J., Angel, J. P. and Heunet, A. (1992) Paramagnetic species induced in bioapatites by foodstuff irradiation. In: Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Applications in Organic and Bioorganic Materials (ed. Catoire, B.), pp. 151-156. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
284. Sakurai, H., Tuchiya, K., Fujita, Y. and Okada, K. (1991) Dating of human blood by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Naturwiss. 76, 24-25.
285. 3 and hydrogen, and the possibility for dating. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
286. Sato, T. (1981) Electron spin resonance dating of calcareous microfossils in deep-sea sediment. Rock Magnet. Paleogeophys. 8, 85-88.
287. Sato, T. (1982) ESR dating of planktonic foraminifera. Nature 300, 518.
288. Schellmann, G. and Radtke, U. (1997) Electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques applied to mollusc shells from South America (Chile, Argentina) and implications for palaeo sea-level curve. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 465-475.
289. Schiegl, S., Goldberg, P., Bar-Yosef, O. and Weiner, S. (1996) Ash deposits in Hayonim and Kebara Caves, Israel: Macroscopic, microscopic and mineralogical observations, and their archaeological implications. J. Archaeol. Sci. 23, 763-781.
290. Schwarcz, H. P. (1985) ESR studies on tooth enamel. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 10, 865-867.
291. Schwarcz, H. P. (1994) Current challenges to ESR dating. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 601-605.
292. Schwarcz, H. P. and Blackwell, B. A. (1992) Uranium series dating of archaeological sites. In: Uranium Series Disequilibrium: Applications to Environmental Problems, 2nd edn (eds Ivanovich, M. and Harmon, R. S.), pp. 513-552. Clarendon, Oxford.
293. Schwarcz, H. P. and Grün, R. (1988) ESR dating of level L 2/3 at La Micoque (Dordogne), France: Excavations of Debénath and Rigaud. Geoarchaeology 3, 293-296.
294. Schwarcz, H. P. and Grün, R. (1992) Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of the origin of modern man. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.: Biol. Sci. 337, 145-148.
295. Schwarcz, H. P. and Grün, R. (1993) Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of the Lower Industry at Hoxne. In: The Lower Palaeolithic Site at Hoxne (eds Gladfelter, B. G. and Wymer, J. J.), pp. 210-211. University of Chicago Press, London.
296. Schwarcz, H. P. and Grün, R. (1994) Electron spin resonance dating of tooth enamel from Bir Tarfawi. In: Egypt During the Last Interglacial (eds Wendorf, E., Schild, R. and Close, A.), pp. 234-237. Plenum, New York.
297. Schwarcz, H. P., Blackwell, B., Goldberg, P. and Marks, A. (1979) Uranium series dating of travertine from archaeological sites, Nahal Zin, Israel. Nature 277, 558-560.
298. Schwarcz, H. P., Buhay, W. M. and Grün, R. (1987) Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of fault gouge. In: Directions in Paleoseismology, U.S.G.S. Open File Report OF 87-673 (eds Crone, A. J. and Olmdahl, E.), pp. 50-64.
299. Schwarcz, H. P., Buhay, W. M., Grün, R., Valladas, H., Tchernov, E., Bar-Yosef, O. and Vandermeersch, B. (1989) ESR dating of the Neanderthal site of Kebara Cave, Israel. J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 653-659.
300. Schwarcz, H. P., Buhay, W., Grün, R., Steiner, M., Kühn, S. and Miller, G. H. (1991) Absolute dating of sites in coastal Lazio. Quaternaria Nova 1, 51-67.
301. Schwarcz, H. P., Grün, R., Latham, A., Mania, D. and Brunnacker, K. (1988a) The Bilzingsleben archaeological site: New dating evidence. Archaeometry 30, 5-17.
302. Schwarcz, H. P., Grün, R. and Tobias, P. V. (1994) ESR dating studies of the australopithecine site of Sterkfontein, South Africa. J. Human Evol. 26, 175-181.
303. Schwarcz, H. P., Grün, R., Vandermeersch, B., Bar-Yosef, O., Valladas, H. and Tchernov, E. (1988b) ESR dates for the hominid burial site of Qafzeh in Israel. J. Human Evol. 17, 733-737.
304. Shimokawa, K. and Imai, N. (1987) Simultaneous determination of alteration and eruption ages of volcanic rocks by electron spin resonance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 115-119.
305. Shimokawa, K., Imai, N. and Moriyama, A. (1988) ESR dating of volcanic and baked rocks. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 529-532.
306. Sholom, S. V., Haskell, E. H., Hayes, R. B., Chumak, V. V. and Kenner, G. H. (1997) Influence of crushing and additive irradiation procedures on EPR dosimetry of tooth enamel. Radiat. Meas. (in press).
307. Sieh, K. E., Stuiver, M. and Brillinger, D. (1989) A more precise chronology of earthquakes produced by the San Andreas fault in southern California. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 603-623.
308. 234U ages in fossil aragonitic corals. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 135-138. Ionics, Tokyo.
309. Skinner, A. F. (1986) Electron spin resonance dating of aragonitic materials. In: Proc. of the 24th Int. Archaeom. Symp. (eds Olin, J. S. and Blackmun, M. J.), pp. 477-480. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, D.C.
310. Skinner, A. F. (1988) Dating of marine aragonite by electron spin resonance. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 461-464.
311. Skinner, A. F. and Merecki, J. (1993) ESR dating of molluscs: Is it only a shell game? Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 139-143.
312. Skinner, A. F. and Rudolph, M. N. (1996a) Dating flint artifacts with electron spin resonance: Problems and prospects. In: Archaeological Chemistry V, American Chemical Society Symp. Ser. #625 (ed. Orna, M. V.), pp. 37-46.
313. Skinner, A. F. and Rudolph, M. N. (1996b) The use of the E signal in flint for ESR dating. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 1399-1404.
314. Smith, K., Hancock, R. and Rink, W. J. (1997) Getting to the core of the matter: potential implications of a microblade core from Western Iceland on North American settlement history and Arctic prehistory. Printed Conference Abstract, 62nd Annual Meeting, Society of American Archaeology, 4 April 1997, New Orleans, USA.
315. Stringer, C. B., Grün, R., Schwarcz, H. P. and Goldberg, P. (1989) ESR dates for the hominid burial site of Es Skhul in Israel. Nature 338, 756-758.
316. Sumimoto, H. (1994) Improvement in sensitivity of ESR spectrometry by using a hybrid microwave cavity. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
317. Swisher, C. C. III, Rink, W. J., Antón, S. C., Schwarcz, H. P., Curtis, G. H., Suprijo, A. and Widiasmoro (1996) Latest Homo erectus of Java: potential contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia. Science 274, 1870-1874.
318. Takao, A. (1997) Electron spin resonance assessment of palaeoenvironment. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
319. Tanaka, K. (1990) Dating of fault movement by the ESR method: basis and application. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Kyushu, Japan.
320. Tanaka, K., Hayata, R., Spooner, N., Questiaux, D., Saito, Y. and Hashimoto, T. (1997) Dating of marine terrace sediments by ESR, TL and OSL methods and their applicabilities. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 257-264.
321. Tanaka, T., Sawada, S. and Ito, T. (1985) ESR dating of late Pleistocene near-shore and terrace sands in southern Kanto, Japan. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 275-280. Ionics, Tokyo.
322. Tani, A. (1997) Application of electron spin resonance to archaeology. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
323. Toyoda, S. (1992) Production and decay characteristics of paramagnetic defects in quartz: Applications to ESR dating. Ph. D. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. English summary 106 pp.
324. Toyoda, S. and Goff, F. (1996) Quartz in post-caldera rhyolites of Valles Caldera, New Mexico: ESR finger printing and discussion of ESR ages. In: New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook 4th Field Conf., pp. 303-309.
325. Toyoda, S. and Ikeya, M. (1991) Thermal stabilities of paramagnetic defect and impurity centers in quartz: basis for ESR dating of thermal history. Geochem. J. 25, 437-445.
326. Toyoda, S. and Ikeya, M. (1994) Formation of oxygen vacancies in quartz and its application to dating. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 607-609.
327. Toyoda, S. and Okabe, M. (1995) Takamori III. Tohoku Historical Museum Publications 39, 23-28.
328. Toyoda, S. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1996) The spatial distribution of ESR signals in fault gouge revealed by abrading technique. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 1393-1398.
329. 1 signal in quartz. Radiat. Meas. 27, 59-66.
330. 1 signal in quartz to the ESR dating of fault movements. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 483-487.
331. Toyoda, S., Goff, F., Ikeda, S. and Ikeya, M. (1995a) ESR dating of quartz phenocrysts in the El Cajete and Battleship Rock Members of Valles Rhyolite, Valles Caldera, New Mexico. J. Volc. Geotherm. Res. 67, 29-40.
332. Toyoda, S., Ikeya, M., Dunnell, R. C. and McCutcheon, P. T. (1993) The use of electron spin resonance (ESR) for the determination of prehistoric lithic heat treatment. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 227-231.
333. Toyoda, S., Ikeya, M., Morikawa, J. and Nagatomo, T. (1992) Enhancement of oxygen vacancies in quartz by natural external β and γ ray dose: a possible ESR geochronometer of Ma-Ga range. Geochem. J. 26, 111-115.
334. Toyoda, S., Kirschner, D. L., Rink, W. J. and Schwarcz, H. P. (1995b) ESR dating of quartz vein. Adv. ESR Appl. 11, 8-13.
335. 1 precursors in quartz: applications to dosimetry and dating. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 1393-1398.
336. Toyokura, I., Sakuramoto, Y., Ohmura, K., Iwasaki, E. and Ishiguchi, M. (1985) Determination of the age of fault movement - the Rokko fault. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 219-228. Ionics, Tokyo.
337. Tsukamoto, Y. (1992) Basic studies on ESR dating of icy materials in outer planets. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
338. Tsukamoto, S. and Heikoop, J. (1996) Sulfite radicals in banded coral. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 1437-1441.
339. Tsuji, Y., Sakuramoto, Y., Iwasaki, E., Ishigushi, M. and Ohmura, K. (1985) Ages of pelecypod shells of the last interglacial Shimosueyoshi stage by electron spin resonance. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 87-92. Ionics, Tokyo.
340. Valladas, G. and Valladas, H. (1989) Some TL characteristics of burnt prehistoric flints and quartz pebbles. In: Synopses from a Workshop on Long and Short Range Limits in Luminescence Dating, Cambridge, U.K., April 11-13, 1989, Occasional Publication No. 9, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford, UK.
341. Valladas, H., Joron, J. L., Valladas, G., Arensburg, B., Bar-Yosef, O., Belfer-Cohen, A., Goldberg, P., Laville, H., Meignen, L., Rak, Y., Tchernov, E., Tillier, A. M. and Vandermeersch, B. (1987) Thermoluminescence dates for the Neanderthal burial site at Kebara cave in Israel. Nature 330, 159-160.
342. Valladas, H., Reyss, J. L., Joron, J. L., Valladas, G., Bar-Yosef, O., Bar-Yosef, O. and Vandermeersch, B. (1988) Thermoluminescence dating of Mousterian "Proto-Cro-Magnon" remains from Israel and the origin of modern man. Nature 331, 614-616.
343. Walther, R. (1991) ESR-Datierung von Korallen: Grundlagen und Anwendung. Diplomarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls Univ. Heideldberg.
344. Walther, R. and Zilles, D. (1994a) ESR studies on bleached sedimentary quartz. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 611-614.
345. Walther, R. and Zilles, D. (1994b) ESR studies on flint with a difference-spectrum method. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 13, 635-639.
346. Walther, R., Barabas, M. and Mangini, A. (1992) Basic ESR studies on recent corals. Quat. Sci. Rev. 11, 191-196.
347. Walther, R., Mangini, M. and Wagner, G. A. (1996) ESR-spectra of powdered silicates, analysis, simulations and consequences for dating applications. In: Program and Abstracts Volume, 8th Int. Conf. on Luminescence and ESR Dating, April 22-26, 1996, Canberra, Australia, p. 171.
348. Weeks, R. A. and Nelson, C. M. (1960) Irradiation effects and short range order in fused silica and quartz. J. Appl. Phys. 31, 1551-1558.
349. Weil, J. A. (1984) A review of electron spin spectroscopy and its application to the study of paramagnetic defects in crystalline quartz. Phys. Chem. Min. 10, 149-165.
350. Wertz, J. E. and Bolton, J. R. (1986) Electron Spin Resonance: Elementary Theory and Practial Applications, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London.
351. Whitehead, N. E., Devine, S. D. and Leach, B. F. (1986) Electron spin resonance dating of human teeth from Namu burial ground, Taumako, Solomon Islands. NZ J. Geol. Geophys. 29, 359-361.
352. Wieser, A. and Regulla, D. F. (1989) ESR dosimetry in the "Gigarad" range. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40, 911-913.
353. Wieser, A., Göksu, H. Y., Regulla, D. F., Fritz, P., Vogenauer, A. and Clark, I. D. (1993) ESR and TL dating of travertine from Jordan: Complications in paleodose assessment. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 149-152.
354. Wieser, A., Göksu, H. Y., Regulla, D. F. and Vogenauer, A. (1988) Dose rate assessment in tooth enamel. Quat. Sci. Rev. 7, 491-495.
355. Wieser, A., Göksu, H. Y., Regulla, D. F. and Vogenauer, A. (1994a) Limits of retrospective accident dosimetry by EPR and TL with natural materials. Radiat. Meas. 23, 509-514.
356. Wieser, A., Haskell, E., Kenner, G. and Bruenger, F. (1994b) EPR dosimetry of bone gains accuracy by isolation of calcified tissue. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 45, 525-526.
357. Wintle, A. G. and Aitken, M. J. (1977) Thermoluminescence dating of burnt flint: application to a lower palaeolithic site, Terra Amata. Archaeometry 19, 111-130.
358. Wood, R. M. (1989) Extraordinary deglaciation reverse faulting in Northern Fennoscandia. In: Earthquakes at North Atlantic Passive Margins: Neotectonics and Post Glacial Rebound (eds Gregerson, S. and Basham, P. W.), pp. 141-173. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.
359. Yamamoto, M. (1995) Development and new applications of ESR imaging. M. Sc. thesis, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
360. Yang, Q. Experimental determination of beta attenuation in tooth enamel layers and its implication in ESR dating. (1997) M. Sc. thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
361. Ye, Y., Diao, S., He, J. and Gao, J. (1996a) Abnormal response to irradiation dose of E center of quartz in coastal eolian sand. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 1457-1458.
362. Ye, Y.-G., Gao, J.-C., Lei, X.-Y. and Diao, S.-B. (1996b) ESR dating of palaeo-accumulation of mud-rock flow. In: Program and Abstracts Volume, 8th Int. Conf. on Luminescence and ESR Dating, April 22-26, 1996, Canberra, Australia, p. 162.
363. Ye, Y., Diao, S., He, J. and Gao, J. (1996c) ESR chronology of core QC2 in the South Yellow Sea. Res. Marine Geol. Min. Resources 99, 122-129.
364. Ye, Y.-G., Liang, H.-D., Diao, S.-B., Wang, R.-H., Dai, C.-S. and Gao, J.-C. (1996d) Concentration of oxygen vacancies in quartz from sediments: implication for geochronometry. In: Program and Abstracts Volume, 8th Int. Conf. on Luminescence and ESR Dating, April 22-26, 1996, Canberra, Australia, p. 163.
365. Ye, Y., Gao, J., He, J., Diao, S., Liu, X. and Du, Y. (1991) ESR and U-series ages of coral reef samples from shallow drill holes in the South China Sea. Acta Oceanol. Sinica 10, 423-431.
366. Ye, Y., He, J. and Diao, S. (1993a) ESR dating of quartz in sediments. Nucl. Techniques. 16, 222-224.
367. Ye, Y., He, J., Diao, S. and Gao, J. (1993b) Preliminary study on the Late Pleistocene ESR chronology of core QC2 in the Southern Huanghai Sea. Chinese Sci. Bull. 38, 1280-1284.
368. Ye, Y., He, J., Diao, S. and Gao, J. (1993c) ESR dating of fluvial sediments using Ge center in quartz. Chin. Geog. Sci. 3, 284-289.
369. Ye, Y., He, J., Diao, S., Gao, J. and Du, Y. (1993d) ESR dating of coral reefs in the South China Sea. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 11, 207-214.
370. Yokoyama, Y., Quaegebeur, J. P., Bibron, R. and Leger, C. (1983) ESR dating of paleolithic calcite: thermal annealing experiment and trapped electon life time. PACT 9, 371-379.
371. Yokoyama, Y., Falguères, C. and Quaegebeur, J. P. (1985) ESR dating of sediment baked by lava flows: comparison of paleo-doses for Al and Ti centers. In: ESR Dating and Dosimetry (eds Ikeya, M. and Miki, T.), pp. 197-204. Ionics, Tokyo.
372. Yokoyama, Y., Quaegebeur, J. P., Bibron, R., Leger, C., Nguyen, H. V. and Poupeau, G. (1981) Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of stalagmites of the Caune de l'Arago at Tautavel. In: Absolute Dating and Isotope Analysis in Prehistory - Methods and Limits (eds DeLumley, H. and Labeyrie, J.), pp. 532-537. Prétirage, CNRS, Paris.
373. Yoshida, H. (1996) Quaternary dating studies using ESR signals, with emphasis on shell, coral, tooth enamel and quartz. Ph. D. thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
374. Zeller, E. J. (1968) Use of electron spin resonance for measurement of natural radiation damage. In: Thermoluminescence of Geological Materials (ed. McDougall, D. J.), pp. 271-279. Academic Press, London.
375. Zhao, X. T., Gao, H. and Li, D. (1991) Response of E′ signal in quartz to light exposure. Nucl. Tech. 14, 87.
376. Zhou, L. P., McDermott, F., Rhodes, E. J., Marseglia, E. A. and Mellars, P. A. (1997) ESR and mass-spectrometric uranium-series dates of a mammoth tooth from Standton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, England. Quat. Geochron. (Quat. Sci. Rev.) 16, 445-454.
377. Ziaei, M., Schwarcz, H. P., Hall, C. M. and Grün, R. (1990) Radiometrie dating of the mousterian site at Quneitra. In: QEDEM (ed. Goren-Inbar, N.) Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Vol. 31, Chapter 14, pp. 232-235.
378. Zymela, S. (1986) ESR dating of Pleistocene deposits. M. Sc. thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
379. Zymela, S., Schwarcz, H. P., Grün, R., Stalker, A. M. and Churcher, C. S. (1988) ESR dating of Pleistocene fossil teeth from Alberta and Saskatchewan. Can. J. Earth Sci. 25, 235-245.
380. Zavoisky, E. (1945) Spin-magnetic resonance in paramagnetics. J. Phys. 9, 245.
381. Stapelbroek, M., Griscom, D. L., Friebele, E. J. and Sigel, G. H. (179) Oxygen associated trapped-hole centers in high-purity fused silicas. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 32, 313-326.