Latest Homo erectus of Java: Potential contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia

Science

Volumn 274, Issue 5294, 1996, Pages 1870-1874

  Swisher III, C C ^a,b   Rink, W J ^a,b   Anton S C ^b   Schwarcz, H P ^a,b   Curtis, G H ^a,b   Suprijo, A ^a,b   Widiasmoro, ^a,b  

^a BERKELEY GEOCHRONOLOGY CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOGENESIS; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; EVOLUTION; FOSSIL; INDONESIA; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TECHNOLOGY;

AFRICA; ANIMALS; ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN; AUSTRALIA; CATTLE; DENTAL ENAMEL; DENTIN; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FOSSILS; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HOMINIDAE; HUMANS; INDONESIA; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PALEODONTOLOGY; PALEONTOLOGY; URANIUM;

HOMO ERECTUS; HOMO SAPIENS; OLIGOCENE; TAXONOMY;

INDONESIA, JAVA, NGANDONG; INDONESIA, JAVA, SAMBUNGMACAN;

EID: 0030303721     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5294.1870     Document Type: Article

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78. Predecessors to Neandertals first appear by the MidPleistocene in Western Europe [E. Carbonell et al., Science 269, 826 (1995); H. de Lumley and M.-A. de Lumley, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 1729 (1971)], whereas classical Neandertals persist until nearly 30 ka [J. K. Kozlowski, Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria (final report) (Panstwowe Wydaruynictwo, Naukowe, Warsaw, 1982); J. L. Bischoff, N. Soler, J. Maroto, R. J. Julia, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 553 (1989)], overlapping in time and space with anatomically modern humans that first appear in Europe and Western Asia around 40 to 50 ka [J. J. Hublin, C. Barroso Ruiz, P. Medina Lara, M. Fontugni, J.-L. Reyss, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931 (1995); J. J. Hublin, F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, S. Condemi, Nature 381, 224 (1996); C. B. Stringer and R. Grün, ibid. 351, 701 (1991); M. H. Wolpoff and D. Frayer, ibid. 356, 200 (1992); D. Frayer, in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992), pp. 179-188].
79. Predecessors to Neandertals first appear by the MidPleistocene in Western Europe [E. Carbonell et al., Science 269, 826 (1995); H. de Lumley and M.-A. de Lumley, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 1729 (1971)], whereas classical Neandertals persist until nearly 30 ka [J. K. Kozlowski, Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria (final report) (Panstwowe Wydaruynictwo, Naukowe, Warsaw, 1982); J. L. Bischoff, N. Soler, J. Maroto, R. J. Julia, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 553 (1989)], overlapping in time and space with anatomically modern humans that first appear in Europe and Western Asia around 40 to 50 ka [J. J. Hublin, C. Barroso Ruiz, P. Medina Lara, M. Fontugni, J.-L. Reyss, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931 (1995); J. J. Hublin, F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, S. Condemi, Nature 381, 224 (1996); C. B. Stringer and R. Grün, ibid. 351, 701 (1991); M. H. Wolpoff and D. Frayer, ibid. 356, 200 (1992); D. Frayer, in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992), pp. 179-188].
80. Predecessors to Neandertals first appear by the MidPleistocene in Western Europe [E. Carbonell et al., Science 269, 826 (1995); H. de Lumley and M.-A. de Lumley, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 1729 (1971)], whereas classical Neandertals persist until nearly 30 ka [J. K. Kozlowski, Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria (final report) (Panstwowe Wydaruynictwo, Naukowe, Warsaw, 1982); J. L. Bischoff, N. Soler, J. Maroto, R. J. Julia, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 553 (1989)], overlapping in time and space with anatomically modern humans that first appear in Europe and Western Asia around 40 to 50 ka [J. J. Hublin, C. Barroso Ruiz, P. Medina Lara, M. Fontugni, J.-L. Reyss, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931 (1995); J. J. Hublin, F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, S. Condemi, Nature 381, 224 (1996); C. B. Stringer and R. Grün, ibid. 351, 701 (1991); M. H. Wolpoff and D. Frayer, ibid. 356, 200 (1992); D. Frayer, in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992), pp. 179-188].
81. Predecessors to Neandertals first appear by the MidPleistocene in Western Europe [E. Carbonell et al., Science 269, 826 (1995); H. de Lumley and M.-A. de Lumley, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 1729 (1971)], whereas classical Neandertals persist until nearly 30 ka [J. K. Kozlowski, Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria (final report) (Panstwowe Wydaruynictwo, Naukowe, Warsaw, 1982); J. L. Bischoff, N. Soler, J. Maroto, R. J. Julia, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 553 (1989)], overlapping in time and space with anatomically modern humans that first appear in Europe and Western Asia around 40 to 50 ka [J. J. Hublin, C. Barroso Ruiz, P. Medina Lara, M. Fontugni, J.-L. Reyss, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931 (1995); J. J. Hublin, F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, S. Condemi, Nature 381, 224 (1996); C. B. Stringer and R. Grün, ibid. 351, 701 (1991); M. H. Wolpoff and D. Frayer, ibid. 356, 200 (1992); D. Frayer, in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992), pp. 179-188].
82. Predecessors to Neandertals first appear by the MidPleistocene in Western Europe [E. Carbonell et al., Science 269, 826 (1995); H. de Lumley and M.-A. de Lumley, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 1729 (1971)], whereas classical Neandertals persist until nearly 30 ka [J. K. Kozlowski, Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria (final report) (Panstwowe Wydaruynictwo, Naukowe, Warsaw, 1982); J. L. Bischoff, N. Soler, J. Maroto, R. J. Julia, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 553 (1989)], overlapping in time and space with anatomically modern humans that first appear in Europe and Western Asia around 40 to 50 ka [J. J. Hublin, C. Barroso Ruiz, P. Medina Lara, M. Fontugni, J.-L. Reyss, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931 (1995); J. J. Hublin, F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, S. Condemi, Nature 381, 224 (1996); C. B. Stringer and R. Grün, ibid. 351, 701 (1991); M. H. Wolpoff and D. Frayer, ibid. 356, 200 (1992); D. Frayer, in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992), pp. 179-188].
83. Predecessors to Neandertals first appear by the MidPleistocene in Western Europe [E. Carbonell et al., Science 269, 826 (1995); H. de Lumley and M.-A. de Lumley, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 1729 (1971)], whereas classical Neandertals persist until nearly 30 ka [J. K. Kozlowski, Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria (final report) (Panstwowe Wydaruynictwo, Naukowe, Warsaw, 1982); J. L. Bischoff, N. Soler, J. Maroto, R. J. Julia, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 553 (1989)], overlapping in time and space with anatomically modern humans that first appear in Europe and Western Asia around 40 to 50 ka [J. J. Hublin, C. Barroso Ruiz, P. Medina Lara, M. Fontugni, J.-L. Reyss, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931 (1995); J. J. Hublin, F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, S. Condemi, Nature 381, 224 (1996); C. B. Stringer and R. Grün, ibid. 351, 701 (1991); M. H. Wolpoff and D. Frayer, ibid. 356, 200 (1992); D. Frayer, in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992), pp. 179-188].
84. Predecessors to Neandertals first appear by the MidPleistocene in Western Europe [E. Carbonell et al., Science 269, 826 (1995); H. de Lumley and M.-A. de Lumley, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 1729 (1971)], whereas classical Neandertals persist until nearly 30 ka [J. K. Kozlowski, Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria (final report) (Panstwowe Wydaruynictwo, Naukowe, Warsaw, 1982); J. L. Bischoff, N. Soler, J. Maroto, R. J. Julia, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 553 (1989)], overlapping in time and space with anatomically modern humans that first appear in Europe and Western Asia around 40 to 50 ka [J. J. Hublin, C. Barroso Ruiz, P. Medina Lara, M. Fontugni, J.-L. Reyss, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931 (1995); J. J. Hublin, F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, S. Condemi, Nature 381, 224 (1996); C. B. Stringer and R. Grün, ibid. 351, 701 (1991); M. H. Wolpoff and D. Frayer, ibid. 356, 200 (1992); D. Frayer, in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992), pp. 179-188].
85. Predecessors to Neandertals first appear by the MidPleistocene in Western Europe [E. Carbonell et al., Science 269, 826 (1995); H. de Lumley and M.-A. de Lumley, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 1729 (1971)], whereas classical Neandertals persist until nearly 30 ka [J. K. Kozlowski, Excavations in the Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria (final report) (Panstwowe Wydaruynictwo, Naukowe, Warsaw, 1982); J. L. Bischoff, N. Soler, J. Maroto, R. J. Julia, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 553 (1989)], overlapping in time and space with anatomically modern humans that first appear in Europe and Western Asia around 40 to 50 ka [J. J. Hublin, C. Barroso Ruiz, P. Medina Lara, M. Fontugni, J.-L. Reyss, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321, 931 (1995); J. J. Hublin, F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, S. Condemi, Nature 381, 224 (1996); C. B. Stringer and R. Grün, ibid. 351, 701 (1991); M. H. Wolpoff and D. Frayer, ibid. 356, 200 (1992); D. Frayer, in Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, G. Bräuer and F. H. Smith, Eds. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992), pp. 179-188].
86. This project was supported by NSF (SBR-9405320) and L. S. B. Leakey Foundation grants to C.C.S. and G.H.C. Partial support for ESR and U-series dating was by NSF grant SBR-9410906 to H. Schwarcz; laboratory assistance was by K. Googer and J. Johnson. We would like to thank T. Jacob and F. Aziz for their help with field arrangements and museum specimens and C. B. Stringer, who provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.