The Tibet question: Meeting the bottom lines

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 15-24

  Sautman, Barry ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031138883     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.1997.11655728     Document Type: Article

References (134)

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2. House International Relations Committee, Hearing on Challenges to U.S. Foreign Policy in Asia, Federal News Service (February 9, 1995); House International Relations Committee, Hearing on U.S. Policy Toward East Asia, Federal News Service (June 15, 1994); Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Hearing on U.S. Policy Toward China, Federal News Service (May 4, 1994).
3. House International Relations Committee, Hearing on Challenges to U.S. Foreign Policy in Asia, Federal News Service (February 9, 1995); House International Relations Committee, Hearing on U.S. Policy Toward East Asia, Federal News Service (June 15, 1994); Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Hearing on U.S. Policy Toward China, Federal News Service (May 4, 1994).
4. Guardian (October 4, 1995); International Herald Tribune (June 26, 1995); New York Times (May 28, 1995); Richard Gere, "My Job Is to Tell the Truth," Tibetan Bulletin (May-June 1996): 26; Guardian (July 6, 1996).
5. Guardian (October 4, 1995); International Herald Tribune (June 26, 1995); New York Times (May 28, 1995); Richard Gere, "My Job Is to Tell the Truth," Tibetan Bulletin (May-June 1996): 26; Guardian (July 6, 1996).
6. Guardian (October 4, 1995); International Herald Tribune (June 26, 1995); New York Times (May 28, 1995); Richard Gere, "My Job Is to Tell the Truth," Tibetan Bulletin (May-June 1996): 26; Guardian (July 6, 1996).
7. Guardian (October 4, 1995); International Herald Tribune (June 26, 1995); New York Times (May 28, 1995); Richard Gere, "My Job Is to Tell the Truth," Tibetan Bulletin (May-June 1996): 26; Guardian (July 6, 1996).
8. Guardian (October 4, 1995); International Herald Tribune (June 26, 1995); New York Times (May 28, 1995); Richard Gere, "My Job Is to Tell the Truth," Tibetan Bulletin (May-June 1996): 26; Guardian (July 6, 1996).
9. Tian Dongdong, "The Tibet Issue in Sino - American Relations: U.S. Policy Since Rapprochement" (Ph.D. dissertation, Brandeis University, 1995).
10. Facts on File World News Digest (June 29, 1995); Reuters (August 1, 1995); Senate Foreign Relations Committee, "Hearing on the Nomination of Former Senator James Sasser to Be Ambassador to China," Federal Document Clearing House, October 12, 1995; Financial Post (July 21, 1995).
11. Facts on File World News Digest (June 29, 1995); Reuters (August 1, 1995); Senate Foreign Relations Committee, "Hearing on the Nomination of Former Senator James Sasser to Be Ambassador to China," Federal Document Clearing House, October 12, 1995; Financial Post (July 21, 1995).
12. Facts on File World News Digest (June 29, 1995); Reuters (August 1, 1995); Senate Foreign Relations Committee, "Hearing on the Nomination of Former Senator James Sasser to Be Ambassador to China," Federal Document Clearing House, October 12, 1995; Financial Post (July 21, 1995).
13. Facts on File World News Digest (June 29, 1995); Reuters (August 1, 1995); Senate Foreign Relations Committee, "Hearing on the Nomination of Former Senator James Sasser to Be Ambassador to China," Federal Document Clearing House, October 12, 1995; Financial Post (July 21, 1995).
14. Jamyang Norbu, "The Heart of the Matter," in Tibet: The Issue Is Independence, ed. Edward Lazar (Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1994), pp. 17-33; "National Democratic Party of Tibet Formed," Tibetan Bulletin (September-October 1994): 13; Vanessa Baird, "Exit the Dragon," New Internationalist, no. 274 (December 1995): 28-30.
15. Jamyang Norbu, "The Heart of the Matter," in Tibet: The Issue Is Independence, ed. Edward Lazar (Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1994), pp. 17-33; "National Democratic Party of Tibet Formed," Tibetan Bulletin (September-October 1994): 13; Vanessa Baird, "Exit the Dragon," New Internationalist, no. 274 (December 1995): 28-30.
16. Jamyang Norbu, "The Heart of the Matter," in Tibet: The Issue Is Independence, ed. Edward Lazar (Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1994), pp. 17-33; "National Democratic Party of Tibet Formed," Tibetan Bulletin (September-October 1994): 13; Vanessa Baird, "Exit the Dragon," New Internationalist, no. 274 (December 1995): 28-30.
17. Central News Agency [Taiwan] (June 23, 1993); Jerusalem Post (August 15, 1993); ITAR-TASS (July 18, 1994); Boston Globe (September 18, 1995); Christian Science Monitor (September 13, 1995); Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); "Address by His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Palace of Westminister, London, July 16, 1996," in World Tibet Network (July 16, 1996).
18. Central News Agency [Taiwan] (June 23, 1993); Jerusalem Post (August 15, 1993); ITAR-TASS (July 18, 1994); Boston Globe (September 18, 1995); Christian Science Monitor (September 13, 1995); Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); "Address by His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Palace of Westminister, London, July 16, 1996," in World Tibet Network (July 16, 1996).
19. Central News Agency [Taiwan] (June 23, 1993); Jerusalem Post (August 15, 1993); ITAR-TASS (July 18, 1994); Boston Globe (September 18, 1995); Christian Science Monitor (September 13, 1995); Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); "Address by His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Palace of Westminister, London, July 16, 1996," in World Tibet Network (July 16, 1996).
20. Central News Agency [Taiwan] (June 23, 1993); Jerusalem Post (August 15, 1993); ITAR-TASS (July 18, 1994); Boston Globe (September 18, 1995); Christian Science Monitor (September 13, 1995); Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); "Address by His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Palace of Westminister, London, July 16, 1996," in World Tibet Network (July 16, 1996).
21. Central News Agency [Taiwan] (June 23, 1993); Jerusalem Post (August 15, 1993); ITAR-TASS (July 18, 1994); Boston Globe (September 18, 1995); Christian Science Monitor (September 13, 1995); Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); "Address by His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Palace of Westminister, London, July 16, 1996," in World Tibet Network (July 16, 1996).
22. Central News Agency [Taiwan] (June 23, 1993); Jerusalem Post (August 15, 1993); ITAR-TASS (July 18, 1994); Boston Globe (September 18, 1995); Christian Science Monitor (September 13, 1995); Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); "Address by His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Palace of Westminister, London, July 16, 1996," in World Tibet Network (July 16, 1996).
23. Central News Agency [Taiwan] (June 23, 1993); Jerusalem Post (August 15, 1993); ITAR-TASS (July 18, 1994); Boston Globe (September 18, 1995); Christian Science Monitor (September 13, 1995); Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); "Address by His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the Palace of Westminister, London, July 16, 1996," in World Tibet Network (July 16, 1996).
24. Hong Kong Standard (July 18, 1996).
25. Lincoln Kaye, "The Tibetan Gambit," Far Eastern Economic Review (October 8, 1992): 24; Mainichi Shimbun (July 9, 1994) in World Tibet Network (July 15, 1994).
26. Lincoln Kaye, "The Tibetan Gambit," Far Eastern Economic Review (October 8, 1992): 24; Mainichi Shimbun (July 9, 1994) in World Tibet Network (July 15, 1994).
27. Lincoln Kaye, "The Tibetan Gambit," Far Eastern Economic Review (October 8, 1992): 24; Mainichi Shimbun (July 9, 1994) in World Tibet Network (July 15, 1994).
28. Tibet - Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation (Beijing: State Council Information Office, 1992), pp. 31-33.
29. Pierre-Antoine Donnet, Tibet: Survival in Question (London: Zed Books, 1994), pp. 178 and 188. See also Bhuchung Tsering, "Looking at the Tibetan Struggle," in Lazar, Tibet: The Issue Is Independence, p. 48.
30. Pierre-Antoine Donnet, Tibet: Survival in Question (London: Zed Books, 1994), pp. 178 and 188. See also Bhuchung Tsering, "Looking at the Tibetan Struggle," in Lazar, Tibet: The Issue Is Independence, p. 48.
31. Independent (August 19, 1992); Agence France-Presse (June 6, 1994); Associated Press (January 31, 1995); InterPress Service (July 6, 1995); South China Morning Post (March 6, 1995).
32. Independent (August 19, 1992); Agence France-Presse (June 6, 1994); Associated Press (January 31, 1995); InterPress Service (July 6, 1995); South China Morning Post (March 6, 1995).
33. Independent (August 19, 1992); Agence France-Presse (June 6, 1994); Associated Press (January 31, 1995); InterPress Service (July 6, 1995); South China Morning Post (March 6, 1995).
34. Independent (August 19, 1992); Agence France-Presse (June 6, 1994); Associated Press (January 31, 1995); InterPress Service (July 6, 1995); South China Morning Post (March 6, 1995).
35. Independent (August 19, 1992); Agence France-Presse (June 6, 1994); Associated Press (January 31, 1995); InterPress Service (July 6, 1995); South China Morning Post (March 6, 1995).
36. Eastern Express (March 10, 1994); Zhongguo minzu renkou ziliao (China Ethnic Population Data) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 1994), pp. 236-46 and 355-63.
37. Eastern Express (March 10, 1994); Zhongguo minzu renkou ziliao (China Ethnic Population Data) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 1994), pp. 236-46 and 355-63.
38. Melvyn Goldstein, "Change, Conflict, and Continuity Among a Community of Nomadic Pastoralists: A Case Study from Tibet, 1950-1990," in Resistance and Reform in Tibet, ed. Robert Barnett and Shirin Akiner (London: Hurst, 1994), pp. 76-111.
39. Xin bao [Hong Kong] (September 28, 1995).
40. Dalai Lama, "Strasbourg Proposal," in Dharamsala and Beijing: Initiatives and Correspondence, 1981-1993 (Dharamsala: DIIR, 1994), pp. 41-46; "Guidelines for Future Tibet's Polity and the Basic Features of Its Constitution," Tibet Press Watch (February 1994): 18-20; "Democracy in China and Freedom for Tibet," Tibetan Bulletin (July-August 1995): 20-21.
41. Dalai Lama, "Strasbourg Proposal," in Dharamsala and Beijing: Initiatives and Correspondence, 1981-1993 (Dharamsala: DIIR, 1994), pp. 41-46; "Guidelines for Future Tibet's Polity and the Basic Features of Its Constitution," Tibet Press Watch (February 1994): 18-20; "Democracy in China and Freedom for Tibet," Tibetan Bulletin (July-August 1995): 20-21.
42. Dalai Lama, "Strasbourg Proposal," in Dharamsala and Beijing: Initiatives and Correspondence, 1981-1993 (Dharamsala: DIIR, 1994), pp. 41-46; "Guidelines for Future Tibet's Polity and the Basic Features of Its Constitution," Tibet Press Watch (February 1994): 18-20; "Democracy in China and Freedom for Tibet," Tibetan Bulletin (July-August 1995): 20-21.
43. World Tibet Network (October 19, 1994); Hamish McDonald, "The Tibetan Connection: Taipei Finds an Ally in the Dalai Lama," Far Eastern Economic Review (June 10, 1993): 12.
44. World Tibet Network (October 19, 1994); Hamish McDonald, "The Tibetan Connection: Taipei Finds an Ally in the Dalai Lama," Far Eastern Economic Review (June 10, 1993): 12.
45. "Naming No Names in the Kitchen Cabinet," Tibetan Review 36, no. 9 (September 1991): 2; Guardian (July 5, 1995); Ashild Kolas, "Tibetan Nationalism: The Politics of Religion," Journal of Peace Research 33, no. 1 (1996): 51-66.
46. "Naming No Names in the Kitchen Cabinet," Tibetan Review 36, no. 9 (September 1991): 2; Guardian (July 5, 1995); Ashild Kolas, "Tibetan Nationalism: The Politics of Religion," Journal of Peace Research 33, no. 1 (1996): 51-66.
47. "Naming No Names in the Kitchen Cabinet," Tibetan Review 36, no. 9 (September 1991): 2; Guardian (July 5, 1995); Ashild Kolas, "Tibetan Nationalism: The Politics of Religion," Journal of Peace Research 33, no. 1 (1996): 51-66.
48. InterPress Service (July 10, 1996), in World Tibet Network (July 15, 1996).
49. "Door Open for Talks with Dalai Lama," Beijing Review 37, no. 22 (May 30, 1994): 6.
50. "Strasbourg Proposal," in Dharamsala and Beijing, pp. 42-46. See also Suisheng Zhao, "The Implication of Demilitarization of Tibet for Sino-Indian Relations and Asian Security," Asian Affairs: An American Review 22, no. 4 (winter 1996): 254-60.
51. "Strasbourg Proposal," in Dharamsala and Beijing, pp. 42-46. See also Suisheng Zhao, "The Implication of Demilitarization of Tibet for Sino-Indian Relations and Asian Security," Asian Affairs: An American Review 22, no. 4 (winter 1996): 254-60.
52. Interview with the Dalai Lama, April 9, 1994, in Tibetan Bulletin (July-August 1995): 21; Plain Dealer [Cleveland] (September 15, 1995).
53. Interview with the Dalai Lama, April 9, 1994, in Tibetan Bulletin (July-August 1995): 21; Plain Dealer [Cleveland] (September 15, 1995).
54. Tsering Wangyal, "Sino-Tibetan Negotiations Since 1959," in Barnett and Akiner, Resistance and Reform in Tibet, pp. 197-206; "Statement Issued to the Press by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, September 4, 1993," in Dharamsala and Beijing, pp. 71-73.
55. Tsering Wangyal, "Sino-Tibetan Negotiations Since 1959," in Barnett and Akiner, Resistance and Reform in Tibet, pp. 197-206; "Statement Issued to the Press by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, September 4, 1993," in Dharamsala and Beijing, pp. 71-73.
56. Deutsche Presse-Agentur (November 2, 1994).
57. Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); Independent (September 15, 1994).
58. Eastern Express (October 3, 1995); Independent (September 15, 1994).
59. An Zhiguo, "Policy Towards the Dalai Lama," Beijing Review 25, no. 46 (November 15, 1982): 3-6.
60. Barry Sautman and Lo Shiu-hing, The Tibet Question and the Hong Kong Experience (Baltimore: University of Maryland School of Law, 1995): 19, note 72.
61. Xinhua (September 23, 1988); Wen wei po (November 25, 1988), in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: China [hereafter FBIS:CHI] (November 25, 1988): 21; Beijing Television (March 31, 1989), in British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts, Part 3: Far East [hereafter BBC:SWB] (April 4, 1989).
62. Xinhua (September 23, 1988); Wen wei po (November 25, 1988), in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: China [hereafter FBIS:CHI] (November 25, 1988): 21; Beijing Television (March 31, 1989), in British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts, Part 3: Far East [hereafter BBC:SWB] (April 4, 1989).
63. Xinhua (September 23, 1988); Wen wei po (November 25, 1988), in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: China [hereafter FBIS:CHI] (November 25, 1988): 21; Beijing Television (March 31, 1989), in British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts, Part 3: Far East [hereafter BBC:SWB] (April 4, 1989).
64. Xinhua (November 23, 1984), in BBC:SWB (November 29, 1984); "Memorandum to Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin from His Holiness the Dalai Lama (September 1, 1992)," in Dharamsala and Beijing, pp. 55-69.
65. Xinhua (November 23, 1984), in BBC:SWB (November 29, 1984); "Memorandum to Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin from His Holiness the Dalai Lama (September 1, 1992)," in Dharamsala and Beijing, pp. 55-69.
66. Tseten Wangchuk Sharlo, "China's Reforms in Tibet: Issues and Dilemma," Journal of Contemporary China 1, no. 1 (1992): 34-60; Melvyn Goldstein, Tibet, China and the United States: Reflections on the Tibet Question (Washington: Atlantic Council, Occasional Paper, 1995), p. 34; Solomon Karmel, "Ethnic Tension and the Struggle for Order: China's Policies in Tibet," Pacific Affairs 68, no. 4 (winter 1996): 485-509.
67. Tseten Wangchuk Sharlo, "China's Reforms in Tibet: Issues and Dilemma," Journal of Contemporary China 1, no. 1 (1992): 34-60; Melvyn Goldstein, Tibet, China and the United States: Reflections on the Tibet Question (Washington: Atlantic Council, Occasional Paper, 1995), p. 34; Solomon Karmel, "Ethnic Tension and the Struggle for Order: China's Policies in Tibet," Pacific Affairs 68, no. 4 (winter 1996): 485-509.
68. Tseten Wangchuk Sharlo, "China's Reforms in Tibet: Issues and Dilemma," Journal of Contemporary China 1, no. 1 (1992): 34-60; Melvyn Goldstein, Tibet, China and the United States: Reflections on the Tibet Question (Washington: Atlantic Council, Occasional Paper, 1995), p. 34; Solomon Karmel, "Ethnic Tension and the Struggle for Order: China's Policies in Tibet," Pacific Affairs 68, no. 4 (winter 1996): 485-509.
69. Xizang ribao [Lhasa] (August 11, 1995), in BBC:SWB (September 18, 1995); South China Morning Post (June 18, 1995, and July 18, 1994); Xinhua (March 11, 1994), in FBIS:CHI (March 14, 1994): 51; Lhasa Tibet People's Radio (May 30, 1992), in FBIS:CHI (June 3, 1992): 45.
70. Xizang ribao [Lhasa] (August 11, 1995), in BBC:SWB (September 18, 1995); South China Morning Post (June 18, 1995, and July 18, 1994); Xinhua (March 11, 1994), in FBIS:CHI (March 14, 1994): 51; Lhasa Tibet People's Radio (May 30, 1992), in FBIS:CHI (June 3, 1992): 45.
71. Xizang ribao [Lhasa] (August 11, 1995), in BBC:SWB (September 18, 1995); South China Morning Post (June 18, 1995, and July 18, 1994); Xinhua (March 11, 1994), in FBIS:CHI (March 14, 1994): 51; Lhasa Tibet People's Radio (May 30, 1992), in FBIS:CHI (June 3, 1992): 45.
72. Xizang ribao [Lhasa] (August 11, 1995), in BBC:SWB (September 18, 1995); South China Morning Post (June 18, 1995, and July 18, 1994); Xinhua (March 11, 1994), in FBIS:CHI (March 14, 1994): 51; Lhasa Tibet People's Radio (May 30, 1992), in FBIS:CHI (June 3, 1992): 45.
73. Interview with a former official of the Bureau of Religious Affairs, Beijing, June 1994; Guardian (October 2, 1996).
74. Interview with a former official of the Bureau of Religious Affairs, Beijing, June 1994; Guardian (October 2, 1996).
75. Allen Whiting, "Chinese Nationalism and Foreign Policy After Deng," China Quarterly, no. 142 (June 1995): 295-316; South China Morning Post (September 30, 1995); Agence France-Presse (October 11, 1995, and October 28, 1996).
76. Allen Whiting, "Chinese Nationalism and Foreign Policy After Deng," China Quarterly, no. 142 (June 1995): 295-316; South China Morning Post (September 30, 1995); Agence France-Presse (October 11, 1995, and October 28, 1996).
77. Allen Whiting, "Chinese Nationalism and Foreign Policy After Deng," China Quarterly, no. 142 (June 1995): 295-316; South China Morning Post (September 30, 1995); Agence France-Presse (October 11, 1995, and October 28, 1996).
78. Washington Times (September 16, 1995).
79. Compare Jing Wei, ed., One Hundred Questions About Tibet (Beijing: Beijing Review Press, 1989), pp. 46-47; Tibet - Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation, p. 30; Xinhua (September 23, 1995); Xinhua (November 14, 1995), in BBC:SWB (November 16, 1995); Tibet TV [Lhasa] (May 31, 1996) in World Tibet Network (June 2, 1996).
80. Compare Jing Wei, ed., One Hundred Questions About Tibet (Beijing: Beijing Review Press, 1989), pp. 46-47; Tibet - Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation, p. 30; Xinhua (September 23, 1995); Xinhua (November 14, 1995), in BBC:SWB (November 16, 1995); Tibet TV [Lhasa] (May 31, 1996) in World Tibet Network (June 2, 1996).
81. Compare Jing Wei, ed., One Hundred Questions About Tibet (Beijing: Beijing Review Press, 1989), pp. 46-47; Tibet - Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation, p. 30; Xinhua (September 23, 1995); Xinhua (November 14, 1995), in BBC:SWB (November 16, 1995); Tibet TV [Lhasa] (May 31, 1996) in World Tibet Network (June 2, 1996).
82. Compare Jing Wei, ed., One Hundred Questions About Tibet (Beijing: Beijing Review Press, 1989), pp. 46-47; Tibet - Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation, p. 30; Xinhua (September 23, 1995); Xinhua (November 14, 1995), in BBC:SWB (November 16, 1995); Tibet TV [Lhasa] (May 31, 1996) in World Tibet Network (June 2, 1996).
83. Compare Jing Wei, ed., One Hundred Questions About Tibet (Beijing: Beijing Review Press, 1989), pp. 46-47; Tibet - Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation, p. 30; Xinhua (September 23, 1995); Xinhua (November 14, 1995), in BBC:SWB (November 16, 1995); Tibet TV [Lhasa] (May 31, 1996) in World Tibet Network (June 2, 1996).
84. South China Morning Post (October 18, 1995); Matt Forney, "That's My Boy," Far Eastern Economic Review (June 20, 1996): 26.
85. South China Morning Post (October 18, 1995); Matt Forney, "That's My Boy," Far Eastern Economic Review (June 20, 1996): 26.
86. Dalai Lama, Tibet, China and the World: A Compilation of Interviews (Dharamsala: Narthang Publications, 1989), p. 37; John Fitzgerald, "'Reports of My Death Have Been Greatly Exaggerated': The History of the Death of China," in China Deconstructs: Politics, Trade and Regionalism, ed. David S.G. Goodman and Gerald Segal (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 21-58; Stephen Young, "Post-Tiananmen Chinese Politics and the Prospects for Democratization," Asian Survey 35, no. 7 (July 1995): 652-67; Huang Yasheng, "Why China Will Not Collapse," Foreign Policy, no. 99 (summer 1995): 54-68; Washington Post (August 31, 1994); Jeffrey Hopkins, testimony to Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Federal Document Clearing House (May 4, 1994).
87. Dalai Lama, Tibet, China and the World: A Compilation of Interviews (Dharamsala: Narthang Publications, 1989), p. 37; John Fitzgerald, "'Reports of My Death Have Been Greatly Exaggerated': The History of the Death of China," in China Deconstructs: Politics, Trade and Regionalism, ed. David S.G. Goodman and Gerald Segal (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 21-58; Stephen Young, "Post-Tiananmen Chinese Politics and the Prospects for Democratization," Asian Survey 35, no. 7 (July 1995): 652-67; Huang Yasheng, "Why China Will Not Collapse," Foreign Policy, no. 99 (summer 1995): 54-68; Washington Post (August 31, 1994); Jeffrey Hopkins, testimony to Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Federal Document Clearing House (May 4, 1994).
88. Dalai Lama, Tibet, China and the World: A Compilation of Interviews (Dharamsala: Narthang Publications, 1989), p. 37; John Fitzgerald, "'Reports of My Death Have Been Greatly Exaggerated': The History of the Death of China," in China Deconstructs: Politics, Trade and Regionalism, ed. David S.G. Goodman and Gerald Segal (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 21-58; Stephen Young, "Post-Tiananmen Chinese Politics and the Prospects for Democratization," Asian Survey 35, no. 7 (July 1995): 652-67; Huang Yasheng, "Why China Will Not Collapse," Foreign Policy, no. 99 (summer 1995): 54-68; Washington Post (August 31, 1994); Jeffrey Hopkins, testimony to Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Federal Document Clearing House (May 4, 1994).
89. Dalai Lama, Tibet, China and the World: A Compilation of Interviews (Dharamsala: Narthang Publications, 1989), p. 37; John Fitzgerald, "'Reports of My Death Have Been Greatly Exaggerated': The History of the Death of China," in China Deconstructs: Politics, Trade and Regionalism, ed. David S.G. Goodman and Gerald Segal (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 21-58; Stephen Young, "Post-Tiananmen Chinese Politics and the Prospects for Democratization," Asian Survey 35, no. 7 (July 1995): 652-67; Huang Yasheng, "Why China Will Not Collapse," Foreign Policy, no. 99 (summer 1995): 54-68; Washington Post (August 31, 1994); Jeffrey Hopkins, testimony to Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Federal Document Clearing House (May 4, 1994).
90. Dalai Lama, Tibet, China and the World: A Compilation of Interviews (Dharamsala: Narthang Publications, 1989), p. 37; John Fitzgerald, "'Reports of My Death Have Been Greatly Exaggerated': The History of the Death of China," in China Deconstructs: Politics, Trade and Regionalism, ed. David S.G. Goodman and Gerald Segal (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 21-58; Stephen Young, "Post-Tiananmen Chinese Politics and the Prospects for Democratization," Asian Survey 35, no. 7 (July 1995): 652-67; Huang Yasheng, "Why China Will Not Collapse," Foreign Policy, no. 99 (summer 1995): 54-68; Washington Post (August 31, 1994); Jeffrey Hopkins, testimony to Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Federal Document Clearing House (May 4, 1994).
91. Dalai Lama, Tibet, China and the World: A Compilation of Interviews (Dharamsala: Narthang Publications, 1989), p. 37; John Fitzgerald, "'Reports of My Death Have Been Greatly Exaggerated': The History of the Death of China," in China Deconstructs: Politics, Trade and Regionalism, ed. David S.G. Goodman and Gerald Segal (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 21-58; Stephen Young, "Post-Tiananmen Chinese Politics and the Prospects for Democratization," Asian Survey 35, no. 7 (July 1995): 652-67; Huang Yasheng, "Why China Will Not Collapse," Foreign Policy, no. 99 (summer 1995): 54-68; Washington Post (August 31, 1994); Jeffrey Hopkins, testimony to Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Federal Document Clearing House (May 4, 1994).
92. Robert T.Y. Chung, "Public Opinion in the Late Transition Period," in From Colony to SAR: Hong Kong's Challenges Ahead, ed. Joseph Y.S. Cheng and Sonny S.H. Lo (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1995), pp. 491-526.
93. Donald Horowitz, "Making Moderation Pay: The Comparative Politics of Ethnic Conflict Management," in Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies, ed. Joseph Motville (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1990), pp. 115-30; Lee Metcalf, "Outbidding to Radical Nationalists: Minority Policy in Estonia, 1988-1993," Nations & Nationalism 2, no. 2 (1996): 213-34.
94. Donald Horowitz, "Making Moderation Pay: The Comparative Politics of Ethnic Conflict Management," in Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies, ed. Joseph Motville (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1990), pp. 115-30; Lee Metcalf, "Outbidding to Radical Nationalists: Minority Policy in Estonia, 1988-1993," Nations & Nationalism 2, no. 2 (1996): 213-34.
95. See Rowena Fong and Paul Spickard, "Ethnic Relations in the People's Republic of China: Images and Social Distance Between Han Chinese and Minority and Foreign. Nationalities," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 13, no. 1 (spring 1994): 26-48; and Barry Sautman, "Racial Nationalism and China's External Behavior," World Affairs 160, no. 1 (summer 1997, forthcoming).
96. See Rowena Fong and Paul Spickard, "Ethnic Relations in the People's Republic of China: Images and Social Distance Between Han Chinese and Minority and Foreign. Nationalities," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 13, no. 1 (spring 1994): 26-48; and Barry Sautman, "Racial Nationalism and China's External Behavior," World Affairs 160, no. 1 (summer 1997, forthcoming).
97. United Press International (November 13, 1995); V. Baird, "Shadows, Video, and Mobile Phones," New Internationalist, no. 274 (December 1995): 12-14; Guzel Anulova, The Scope for Regional Autonomy in Russia (Vienna: Oesterreichische National Bank, Working Paper no. 12, 1993), p. 16.
98. United Press International (November 13, 1995); V. Baird, "Shadows, Video, and Mobile Phones," New Internationalist, no. 274 (December 1995): 12-14; Guzel Anulova, The Scope for Regional Autonomy in Russia (Vienna: Oesterreichische National Bank, Working Paper no. 12, 1993), p. 16.
99. United Press International (November 13, 1995); V. Baird, "Shadows, Video, and Mobile Phones," New Internationalist, no. 274 (December 1995): 12-14; Guzel Anulova, The Scope for Regional Autonomy in Russia (Vienna: Oesterreichische National Bank, Working Paper no. 12, 1993), p. 16.
100. Los Angeles Times (May 15, 1994).
101. See Claire Palley, "Population Transfers," in Broadening the Frontiers of Human Rights: Essays in Honour of Asbjorn Eide, ed. Donna Gomien (Oslo: Scandinavian University, 1993), pp. 210-54.
102. Harold Saunders et al., Tibet: Issues for Americans (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992), pp. 8-9; Melvyn Goldstein, "Outside instagation and the Disturbances in Tibet:. A Rejoinder to Sharlo," Journal: of Contemporary China 2, no. 1 (fall 1993): 93-97; Office of the President, "Report to Congress Concerning Extension of Waiver Authority for the People's Republic of China," International Trade Reporter 10, no. 2 (June 2, 1993): 919; Central News Agency (May 14, 1994); "British Government Policy on Tibet," Tibetan Review 38, no. 8 (August 1993): 8-9.
103. Harold Saunders et al., Tibet: Issues for Americans (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992), pp. 8-9; Melvyn Goldstein, "Outside instagation and the Disturbances in Tibet:. A Rejoinder to Sharlo," Journal: of Contemporary China 2, no. 1 (fall 1993): 93-97; Office of the President, "Report to Congress Concerning Extension of Waiver Authority for the People's Republic of China," International Trade Reporter 10, no. 2 (June 2, 1993): 919; Central News Agency (May 14, 1994); "British Government Policy on Tibet," Tibetan Review 38, no. 8 (August 1993): 8-9.
104. Harold Saunders et al., Tibet: Issues for Americans (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992), pp. 8-9; Melvyn Goldstein, "Outside instagation and the Disturbances in Tibet:. A Rejoinder to Sharlo," Journal: of Contemporary China 2, no. 1 (fall 1993): 93-97; Office of the President, "Report to Congress Concerning Extension of Waiver Authority for the People's Republic of China," International Trade Reporter 10, no. 2 (June 2, 1993): 919; Central News Agency (May 14, 1994); "British Government Policy on Tibet," Tibetan Review 38, no. 8 (August 1993): 8-9.
105. Harold Saunders et al., Tibet: Issues for Americans (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992), pp. 8-9; Melvyn Goldstein, "Outside instagation and the Disturbances in Tibet:. A Rejoinder to Sharlo," Journal: of Contemporary China 2, no. 1 (fall 1993): 93-97; Office of the President, "Report to Congress Concerning Extension of Waiver Authority for the People's Republic of China," International Trade Reporter 10, no. 2 (June 2, 1993): 919; Central News Agency (May 14, 1994); "British Government Policy on Tibet," Tibetan Review 38, no. 8 (August 1993): 8-9.
106. Harold Saunders et al., Tibet: Issues for Americans (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992), pp. 8-9; Melvyn Goldstein, "Outside instagation and the Disturbances in Tibet:. A Rejoinder to Sharlo," Journal: of Contemporary China 2, no. 1 (fall 1993): 93-97; Office of the President, "Report to Congress Concerning Extension of Waiver Authority for the People's Republic of China," International Trade Reporter 10, no. 2 (June 2, 1993): 919; Central News Agency (May 14, 1994); "British Government Policy on Tibet," Tibetan Review 38, no. 8 (August 1993): 8-9.
107. Agence France-Presse (March 17, 1994); International Campaign for Tibet, Tibet "Transformed" (Washington, 1994), p. 8.
108. Agence France-Presse (March 17, 1994); International Campaign for Tibet, Tibet "Transformed" (Washington, 1994), p. 8.
109. Tibet TV (November 28, 1994), in BBC:SWB (December 5, 1994); South China Morning Post (January 20, 1994); Christian Science Monitor (July 21, 1993).
110. Tibet TV (November 28, 1994), in BBC:SWB (December 5, 1994); South China Morning Post (January 20, 1994); Christian Science Monitor (July 21, 1993).
111. Tibet TV (November 28, 1994), in BBC:SWB (December 5, 1994); South China Morning Post (January 20, 1994); Christian Science Monitor (July 21, 1993).
112. See Kerry Dumbaugh, Tibet: Disputed Facts About the Situation in Tibet (Washington: Congressional Research Service, 1988), appendix A25.
113. Newsday (April 27, 1994).
114. Joanna Waley-Cohen, "Banishment to Xinjiang in Mid-Qing China, 1758-1820," Late Imperial China 10, no. 2 (December 1989): 44-50.
115. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Testimony of Juan Babauta, September 22, 1994; Robert Bothwell, Canada and Quebec (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1995): 234-35.
116. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Testimony of Juan Babauta, September 22, 1994; Robert Bothwell, Canada and Quebec (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1995): 234-35.
117. Dalai Lama, Tibet, China and the World, p. 35.
118. James Seymour, China's Satellite Parties (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1987); A. Tom Grunfeld, The Making of Modern Tibet (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1987), ch. 6; China Daily (November 11, 1993); Willy Wo-Lap Lam, China After Deng Xiaoping: The Power Struggle in Beijing After Tiananmen (Hong Kong: PA Professional Consultants, 1994), pp. 428-29.
119. James Seymour, China's Satellite Parties (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1987); A. Tom Grunfeld, The Making of Modern Tibet (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1987), ch. 6; China Daily (November 11, 1993); Willy Wo-Lap Lam, China After Deng Xiaoping: The Power Struggle in Beijing After Tiananmen (Hong Kong: PA Professional Consultants, 1994), pp. 428-29.
120. James Seymour, China's Satellite Parties (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1987); A. Tom Grunfeld, The Making of Modern Tibet (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1987), ch. 6; China Daily (November 11, 1993); Willy Wo-Lap Lam, China After Deng Xiaoping: The Power Struggle in Beijing After Tiananmen (Hong Kong: PA Professional Consultants, 1994), pp. 428-29.
121. James Seymour, China's Satellite Parties (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1987); A. Tom Grunfeld, The Making of Modern Tibet (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1987), ch. 6; China Daily (November 11, 1993); Willy Wo-Lap Lam, China After Deng Xiaoping: The Power Struggle in Beijing After Tiananmen (Hong Kong: PA Professional Consultants, 1994), pp. 428-29.
122. InterPress Service (September 29, 1995); House International Relations Committee, Testimony of James Lilley, July 20, 1995; Dignity (October 20, 1994).
123. InterPress Service (September 29, 1995); House International Relations Committee, Testimony of James Lilley, July 20, 1995; Dignity (October 20, 1994).
124. InterPress Service (September 29, 1995); House International Relations Committee, Testimony of James Lilley, July 20, 1995; Dignity (October 20, 1994).
125. Jin Yongchun, "Woguo xianfa yu shaoshu minzu de teshu quanyi" (Our Country's Constitution and the Special Rights of Minorities), Zhongguo shaoshu minzu, no. 4 (1993): 18.
126. Hurst Hannum, Autonomy, Sovereignty and Self-Determination: The Accommodation of Conflicting Rights (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990), p. 468, quoted in The Myth of Tibetan Autonomy: A Legal Analysis of the Status of Tibet (Washington: International Campaign for Tibet and International Human Rights Law Group, 1994), p. 6.
127. Hurst Hannum, Autonomy, Sovereignty and Self-Determination: The Accommodation of Conflicting Rights (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990), p. 468, quoted in The Myth of Tibetan Autonomy: A Legal Analysis of the Status of Tibet (Washington: International Campaign for Tibet and International Human Rights Law Group, 1994), p. 6.
128. South China Morning Post (September 11, 1995).
129. Guangming ribao [Beijing] (November 15, 1995).
130. Kumar Rupesinghe, "Mediation in Internal Conflicts: Lessons from Sri Lanka," in Resolving International Conflicts: The Theory and Practice of Mediation, ed. Jacob Bercrovitch (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1996), pp. 153-69; Mohammed Rabie, Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity (New York: Praeger, 1994), ch. 7.
131. Kumar Rupesinghe, "Mediation in Internal Conflicts: Lessons from Sri Lanka," in Resolving International Conflicts: The Theory and Practice of Mediation, ed. Jacob Bercrovitch (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1996), pp. 153-69; Mohammed Rabie, Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity (New York: Praeger, 1994), ch. 7.
132. Agence France-Presse (October 29, 1996); Reuters (September 29, 1996).
133. Agence France-Presse (October 29, 1996); Reuters (September 29, 1996).
134. Le Monde (October 30, 1996).