Outbidding to radical nationalists: Minority policy in Estonia, 1988-1993

Nations and Nationalism

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 213-234

  Metcalf, Lee Kendall ^a  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CITIZENSHIP; ETHNIC MINORITY; MINORITY GROUP; NATIONALISM; POLICY CHANGE; POLITICAL PROCESS; SOCIAL POLICY;

ESTONIA;

EID: 0030468986     PISSN: 13545078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00213.x     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Aare, Juhan. 1989. 'Estonia's environmental damage also threatens Sweden', Svenska Dagbladet, 29 July. In FBIS-SOV-89-161: 52.
2. 'At Plenums and Sessions'. 1989. Pravda, 18 Nov. In FBIS-SOV-89-225: 92.
3. Carment, David and Patrick James. 1995. 'Internal constraints and interstate ethnic conflict', Journal of Conflict Resolution 39, 1: 82-109.
4. 'Civic Initiative'. 1988. Sovetskaya Estoniya, 7 June. In The Current Digest 40, 25: 5-6.
5. Clemens, Jr, Walter C. 1991. Baltic Independence and Russian Empire. New York: St Martin's Press.
6. 'The Constituent Congress of the Estonian People's Front'. 1988. Sovetskaya Estonia, 4 Oct. In The Current Digest 40, 40: 4-5.
7. 'Estonian SSR Law on language'. 1989. Sovetskaya Estoniya, 22 Jan. In FBIS-SOV-89-021: 58-62.
8. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1989. Daily Report: Soviet Union (hereafter FBIS-SOV-89-007). Moscow Domestic Service in Russian 14.30 GMT, 10 Jan. 1989: 53.
9. FBIS-SOV-89-140. Moscow Television Service in Russian 17.00 GMT, 23 July 1989: 95.
10. FBIS-SOV-89-193. Tallinn Domestic Service in Estonian 18.00 GMT, 5 Oct. 1989: 50.
11. FBIS-SOV-90-073. Moscow TASS in English 12.44 GMT, 14 Apr. 1990: 104.
12. FBIS-SOV-90-124. Moscow TASS in English 12.19 GMT, 27 June 1990: 80.
13. FBIS-SOV-90-126. Moscow TASS in English 17.30 GMT, 28 June 1990: 87.
14. FBIS-SOV-90-142. Tallinn International Service in Estonian 20.30 GMT, 23 July 1990: 78.
15. FBIS-SOV-90-164. Moscow Domestic Service in Russian 18.00 GMT, 22 Aug. 1990: 76.
16. FBIS-SOV-90-169. Moscow TASS in English 17.09 GMT, 29 Aug. 1990: 54.
17. FBIS-SOV-91-042. Moscow Domestic Service in Russian 15.06 GMT, 3 Mar. 1991: 44-5.
18. FBIS-SOV-91-054-S. Tallinn Domestic Service in Estonian 18.00 GMT, 18 Mar. 1991: 36.
19. FBIS-SOV-91-179. Moscow BALTFAX in English 16.00 GMT, 13 Sept. 1991: 54-5.
20. FBIS-SOV-91-216. Moscow BALTFAX in English 19.31 GMT, 6 Nov. 1991: 41.
21. FBIS-SOV-91-233. Moscow BALTFAX in English 19.30 GMT, 3 Dec. 1991: 40.
22. FBIS-SOV-92-006. Moscow BALTFAX in English 20.48 GMT, 8 Jan. 1992: 78.
23. FBIS-SOV-92-041. Moscow BALTFAX in English 13.50 GMT, 28 Feb. 1992: 74.
24. FBIS-SOV-92-042. Moscow Radio Moscow World Service in English 12.00 GMT, 2 Mar. 1992: 82.
25. FBIS-SOV-92-062. Moscow BALTFAX in English 17.45 GMT, 30 Mar. 1992: 68.
26. FBIS-SOV-92-083. Tallinn Radio Tallinn Network in Estonian 17.00 GMT, 25 Apr. 1992: 71.
27. FBIS-SOV-92-173. Moscow BALTFAX in English 10.44 GMT, 4 Sept. 1992: 54.
28. FBIS-SOV-93-013. Moscow BALTFAX in English 13.22 GMT, 20 Jan. 1993: 89.
29. FBIS-SOV-93-016. Moscow INTERFAX in English 14.20 GMT, 26 Jan. 1993: 64.
30. FBIS-SOV-93-028. Tallinn BNS in English 14.23 GMT, 11 Feb. 1993: 65.
31. FBIS-SOV-93-032. Moscow BALTFAX in English 17.50 GMT, 18 Feb. 1993: 58.
32. Gamillscheg, Hannes. 1991. 'We can only work our way out through wisdom and cunning', Die Presse, 2 Apr. In FBIS-SOV-91-084: 46.
33. Ilves, Toomas. 1989. 'Estonian poll on independence, political parties', Report on the USSR, 2 June: 14-16.
34. Ishiyama, John. 1993. 'Founding elections and the development of transitional parties: the cases of Estonia and Latvia, 1990-1992', Communist and Post-Communist Studies 26, 3: 277-99.
35. Kionka, Riina. 1990a. 'The Estonian Citizens's Committee: an opposition movement of a different complexion', Report on the USSR, 9 Feb.: 30-3.
36. Kionka, Riina. 1990b. 'How democratic will the Estonian elections be?' Report on the Soviet Union, 2 Mar.: 21-3.
37. Kionka, Riina. 1990c. 'The Congress convenes', Report on the USSR, 23 Mar.: 32-5.
38. Kionka, Riina. 1990d. 'Are the Baltic laws discriminatory?' Report on the USSR, 12 Apr.: 21-4.
39. Kionka, Riina. 1991a. 'Estonia says "Yes" to independence', Report on the USSR, 15 Mar.: 25-6.
40. Kionka, Riina. 1991b. '"Alternative" plebiscite in Estonia', Report on the USSR, 15 Mar.: 26-8.
41. Kionka, Riina. 1991c. 'Round three in Estonia's referendum season', Report on the USSR, 29 Mar.: 17-19.
42. Kionka, Riina. 1991d. 'Who should become a citizen of Estonia', Report on the USSR, 27 Sept.: 23-6.
43. Kirch, Aksel, Marika Kirch and Tarmo Tuisk. 1993. 'Russians in the Baltic States: to be or not to be?' Journal of Baltic Studies 24, 2: 173-88.
44. Kiviryakhk, Yu. 1989. 'Maynor Public Opinion Research Center Reports', Molodezh Estonii, 18 Oct. In FBIS-SOV-89-222: 89-92.
45. Kivirakh, Juhan, Rain Rosimannus and Indrek Pajumaa. 1993. 'The premises for democracy: a study of political values in post-independent Estonia', Journal of Baltic Studies 24 (Summer): 149-60.
46. Kolsto, Pal. 1993. 'The new Russian diaspora: minority protection in the Soviet successor states', Journal of Peace Research 3, 2: 197-217.
47. Kovalenko, Yury. 1993. 'Russia tries to block Estonia's admission to Council of Europe', Izvestia, 12 May. In The Current Digest 45, 19: 18.
48. Kuznetsova, Nelli. 1990. 'What is this - a triarchy?' Sovetskaya Estoniya, 29 May. In FBIS-SOV-90-130: 42-3.
49. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1988. 'Status of communication', Izvestia, 19 Oct. In The Current Digest 40, 42: 9, 23.
50. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1989. 'In an atmosphere of sharp debate', Izvestiya, 10 Aug. In FBIS-SOV-89-153: 34-5.
51. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1990a. 'After the events on Toompea', Izvestia, 18 May. In The Current Digest 42, 20: 6-7.
52. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1990b. 'Estonia: two communist parties clarify relations', Izvestiya, 9 June. In FBIS-SOV-90-112: 83-4.
53. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1990c. 'Readiness for market competition', Izvestiya, 12 June. In FBIS-SOV-90-119: 77-8.
54. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1991a. 'On the eve of the referendum', Izvestiya, 15 Mar. In FBIS-SOV-91-054-S: 33-5.
55. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1991b. 'How do you become a citizen?' Izvestiya, 12 Nov. In FBIS-SOV-91-221: 49.
56. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1992. 'In making concessions to radicals, moderates lose', Izvestia, 21 Sept. In The Current Digest 44, 38: 21-2.
57. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1993a. 'Law on foreigners is perceived by many as a declaration of war', Izvestia, 23 June. In The Current Digest 45, 25: 9-10.
58. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1993b. 'Narva opposes law on foreigners', Izvestia, 30 June. In The Current Digest 45, 26: 16-17.
59. Levitsk[i]y, Leonid. 1993c. 'State Assembly reconsiders law on foreigners', Izvestia, 10 July. In The Current Digest 45, 28: 24.
60. Lijphart, Arend. 1984. Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press.
61. Morgun, A. 1989. 'Meeting halfway', Selskaya Zhizn, 13 Sept. In FBIS-SOV-89-186: 85-8.
62. 'Moscow is seriously concerned'. 1993. Nezavisimaya gazeta, 25 June. In The Current Digest 45, 25:11.
63. Nikoforov, Ilya. 1993. 'From Tallinn to Revel', Nezavisimaya gazeta, 21 Oct. In The Current Digest 45, 42: 22-3.
64. Nitovuori, Bjarne. 1989. 'Estonia: People's Front victory in free elections', Hufvudstadsbladet, 5 Aug. In FBIS-SOV-89-155: 61-2.
65. Nitovuori, Bjarne. 1990. 'Estonian People's Front aide: no illusions of Western support', Hufvudstadsbladet, 7 May. In FBIS-SOV-90-092: 78-9.
66. On the Interregional Council of People's Deputies and Workers of the Estonian SSR'. 1990. Molodezh Estonii, 1 June. In FBIS-SOV-90-147: 75-6.
67. Panning, Tonu. 1979. 'The Jewish community and inter-ethnic relations in Estonia, 1918-1940', Journal of Baltic Studies 10, 3: 241-62.
68. Pigolkin, Albert and Marina Studenikina. 1991. 'Republican language laws in the USSR: a comparative analysis', Journal of Soviet Nationalities 2, 1: 38-76.
69. Podvezko, A. 1990 'What will the Estonian state be?' Sovetskaya Estoniya, 23 May. In FBIS-SOV-90-126-S: 16-18.
70. Raun, Toivo. 1994. 'Post-Soviet Estonia, 1991-1993', Journal of Baltic Studies 25, 1: 73-80.
71. Raydla, P. 1989. One day in Vilyandiskiy rayon', Sovetskaya Estoniya, 24 Feb. In FBIS-SOV-89-043: 70-1.
72. Rothschild, Joseph. 1981. Ethnopolitics: A Conceptual Framework. New York: Columbia University Press.
73. Ryutel, A. 1989. 'Speech', Sovetskaya Estoniya, 9 Aug. In FBIS-SOV-89-172: 37-9.
74. Savisaar, Edgar. 1988. 'Speech', Sovetskaya Estonia, 18 Nov. In The Current Digest 40, 47: 4.
75. Schmidt, William E. 1993. 'Russians capture seats in Estonian city voting', New York Times, 12 Nov.: A4.
76. 'Session opens'. 1990. Pravda, 29 Mar. In The Current Digest 42, 13: 33.
77. Smith, Anthony. 1993. 'The ethnic sources of nationalism', Survival 35, 1: 48-62.
78. Snyder, Jack. 1993. 'Nationalism and the crisis of the post-Soviet state', Survival 35, 1: 5-26.
79. 'Speech by Edgar Savisaar'. 1989. Reede, 1 Sept. In FBIS-SOV-89-191: 100.
80. 'Statement by the President of the Russian Federation'. 1993. Rossiiskaya gazeta, 25 June. In The Current Digest 45, 25: 11.
81. 'Statement of goals issued by "Free Estonia" Democratic Electoral Alliance'. 1990. Sovetskaya Estoniya, 25 Jan. In FBIS-SOV-90-030: 88-9.
82. Stroganov, Yuriy. 1992. 'What will result from right wing victory in Estonia', Rossiyskaya gazeta, 5 Nov. In FBIS-SOV-92-216: 69-70.
83. Taagepera, Rein. 1989. 'Estonia's road to independence', Problems of Communism 38 (Nov.-Dec.): 11-26.
84. Taagepera, Rein. 1990. 'A note on the March 1989 elections in Estonia', Soviet Studies 42, 2: 329-39.
85. Taagepera, Rein. 1992. 'Ethnic relations in Estonia, 1991', Journal of Baltic Studies 23 (Summer): 121-32.
86. Taagepera, Rein. 1993. 'Running for President of Estonia: a political scientist in polities', PS 26, 2: 302-4.
87. Toom, Aleksei. 1995. 'It's just as in Eastern Europe - the rightists are losing power', Kommersant-Daily, 7 Mar. In The Current Digest 47, 10: 15.
88. Vetik, Raivo. 1993. 'Ethnic conflict and accommodation in post-Communist Estonia', Journal of Peace Research 30, 3: 271-80.
89. Welsh, David. 1993. 'Domestic politics and ethnic conflict', Survival 35, 1: 63-80.