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Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 191-197

Dopamine neurons and their role in reward mechanisms

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE;

EID: 0031005828     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80007-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (623)

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    • of outstanding interest. This is the first explicit and detailed computer model of dopamine neuron responses as teaching signals of the adaptive critic module of a TD predictive reinforcement model. It is applied to human decision-making.
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    • of outstanding interest. The first report on longer-lasting, dopamine-mediated increases of cortico-striatal transmission. Instead of using bath application of dopamine on striatal slices, this study employed pulsatile dopamine application in order to simulate phasic release from impulse responses. Dopamine was applied simultaneously with corticostriatal tetanic stimulation. In view of the theoretically interesting eligibility traces [46,49], it would be interesting to test whether dopamine application would also be efficient if applied after corticostriatal stimulation. Furthermore, one could test dopamine specificity by blocking the observed effects with dopamine receptor antagonists.
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    • of outstanding interest Aosaki T, Kimura M, Graybiel AM. Temporal and spatial characteristics of tonically active neurons of the primate's striatum. J Neurophysiol. 73:1995;1234-1252 This and the previous report [71] demonstrate how tonically active striatal neurons acquire depressant responses to visual and auditory reward-predicting stimuli while monkeys undergo classical conditioning.
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    • of outstanding interest. This report describes how the typical delay activity of neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex depends on the particular liquid or food reward obtained at trial end in standard spatial delayed response tasks. The results are not entirely unexpected because previous experiments by the author [79] have shown that neuronal responses in prefrontal neurons can depend on stimulus associations with reward as opposed to no reward. As rewards represent goals of action [16], these data correspond well to general notions about prefrontal functions in the control of goal-directed behavior, as derived from human clinical cases and primate lesion experiments. These results may well lead to an enlargement of, or even a shift in paradigm in, neurophysiological concepts of prefrontal functions that presently center around short-term or working memory.
    • of outstanding interest Watanabe M. Reward expectancy in primate prefrontal neurons. Nature. 382:1996;629-632 This report describes how the typical delay activity of neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex depends on the particular liquid or food reward obtained at trial end in standard spatial delayed response tasks. The results are not entirely unexpected because previous experiments by the author [79] have shown that neuronal responses in prefrontal neurons can depend on stimulus associations with reward as opposed to no reward. As rewards represent goals of action [16], these data correspond well to general notions about prefrontal functions in the control of goal-directed behavior, as derived from human clinical cases and primate lesion experiments. These results may well lead to an enlargement of, or even a shift in paradigm in, neurophysiological concepts of prefrontal functions that presently center around short-term or working memory.
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    • Neural signals in the monkey ventral striatum related to motivation for juice and cocaine rewards
    • of outstanding interest. of special interest. This study on monkeys and the previous studies on rats [81,82] are the first to use cocaine as a reward while investigating the electrical activity of neurons in brain structures that are known to be involved in drug dependence [8-10,11,12]. Activation occurs in some neurons that are also activated by liquid rewards, although other neurons are exclusively activated by cocaine. Rat and monkey studies have shown that activations occur in relation to movements made for obtaining cocaine, during the expectation of cocaine, and after the delivery of cocaine; these data suggest that the cocaine cue is processed by some neurons as if it were a reward. This suggests that cocaine effects on behavior may, in part, occur through natural reward mechanisms.
    • of outstanding interest Bowman EM, Aigner TG, Richmond BJ. Neural signals in the monkey ventral striatum related to motivation for juice and cocaine rewards. of special interest J Neurophysiol. 75:1996;1061-1073 This study on monkeys and the previous studies on rats [81,82] are the first to use cocaine as a reward while investigating the electrical activity of neurons in brain structures that are known to be involved in drug dependence [8-10,11,12]. Activation occurs in some neurons that are also activated by liquid rewards, although other neurons are exclusively activated by cocaine. Rat and monkey studies have shown that activations occur in relation to movements made for obtaining cocaine, during the expectation of cocaine, and after the delivery of cocaine; these data suggest that the cocaine cue is processed by some neurons as if it were a reward. This suggests that cocaine effects on behavior may, in part, occur through natural reward mechanisms.
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