Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive drugs: Principles and practice

Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports

Volumn 18, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 28-46

  Sica, Domenic A ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALDACTIZIDE; AMILORIDE; AMILORIDE PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; AMLODIPINE; AMLODIPINE PLUS BENAZEPRIL; ATENOLOL; BENAZEPRIL; BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE; BENZTHIAZIDE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BISOPROLOL FUMARATE PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CAPTOPRIL; CHLORTALIDONE; CLONIDINE; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRIL; ENALAPRIL MALEATE PLUS FELODIPINE; FELODIPINE; GUANETHIDINE; HYDRALAZINE PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS RESERPINE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS METHYLDOPA; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS TRIAMTERENE; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; LOSARTAN POTASSIUM; METOPROLOL; MINOXIDIL; NADOLOL; NIFEDIPINE; POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC AGENT; PROPRANOLOL; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; TRANDOLAPRIL; TRANDOLAPRIL PLUS VERAPAMIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASODILATOR AGENT; VERAPAMIL;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; DIURESIS; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MIXTURE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; REVIEW; VASODILATATION;

EID: 0030988862     PISSN: 01973118     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Oster JR, Epstein M. Fixed-dose combination medications for the treatment of hypertension: A critical review. J Clin Hypertens. 1987;3:278-293.
2. Sica DA. Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive drugs. Do they have a role in retinal therapy? Drugs. 1994;48:16-24.
3. Epstein M, Bakris G. Newer approaches to antihypertensive therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1969-1978.
4. Bakris GL, Frohlich ED. The evolution of antihypertensive therapy: An overview of four decades of experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:1595-1608.
5. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Anti-hypertensive Agents: Effects of treatment on mrbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg.
6. Bayer AJ, Faraf R, Browne S, et al. Plasma electrolytes in elderly patients taking fixed combination diuretics. Postgrad Med J. 1986;62:159-162.
7. Blume CD, Williams RL, Upton RA, et al. Bioequivalence study of a new tablet formulation of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide. Am J Med. 1984;77(suppl 5A):59-61.
8. Casner PR, Dillon KR. A comparison of the antihypertensive effectiveness of two triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide combinations: Maxzide versus Dyazide. J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;30:715-719.
9. Blume CD, Williams RL. A new antihypertensive agent: Maxzide. Am J Med. 1984;77(suppl 5A):52-58.
10. Hollenberg NK, Mickiewicz CW. Postmarketing surveillance in 70,898 patients treated with a triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide combination (Maxzide). Am J Cardiol. 1989;63:37B-41B.
11. Soffer BA, Wright JT, Pratt H, et al. Effects of losartan on a background of hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension. Hypertension. 1995;26:112-117.
12. MacKay JH, Arcuri KE, Goldberg AI, et al. Losartan and low dose hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:278-285.
13. Frishman WH, Ram VS, McMahon G, et al. Comparison of amlodipine and benazepril monotherapy to amlodipine plus benazepril in patients with systemic hypertension: A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;35:1060-1066.
14. Kuschnir E, Acuna E, Sevilla D, et al. Treatment of patients with essential hypertension: Amlodipine 5 mg/benazepril 20 mg compared with amlodipine 5 mg/benazepril 20 mg, and placebo. Clin Ther 1996;18:1213-1224.
15. Gradman AH, Cutler NR, Davis PJ, et al. Combined enalapril and felodipine extended release (ER) for systemic hypertensin. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:431-435.
16. Skoularigis J, Strugo V, Radevski I, et al. Once-daily fixed dose combinations of verapamil and trandolapril in black patients with mild to moderate hypertension: A new choice for first line therapy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1997;35:51-55.
17. LevineJ, Applegate WB. An assessment of trandolapril and verapamil SR in hypertension: Dose-response relationship using a multifactorial trial design. Clin Drug Inv. In press.
18. Dollery CT. Pharmacological basis for combination therapy of hypertension. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1977;17:311-323.
19. Materson BJ, Reda DJ, Williams D. Lessons from combination therapy in veterans affairs studies. Am J Hypertens. 1996;9: 187S-191S.
20. Davidov ME, Becker FE, Hollifield J. Serum magnesium and potassium levels in hypertensive patients after a therapeutic switch from hydrochlorothiazide plus a potassium supplement to Maxzide. Am J Med. 1987;82(suppl 3A):48-51.
21. Dahlof B, Hansson L. The influence of antihypertensive therapy on the structural arteriolar changes in essential hypertension: Different effects of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide. J Int Med. 1993;234:271-279.
22. Hansson L. Rationale for combination therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;23:15S-19S.
23. Epstein M. The benefits of ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists in slowing progressive renal failure: Focus on fixed-dose combination antihypertensive therapy. Renal Failure. 1996;18(6):813-832.
24. Brunner H, Menard J, Waeber B, et al. Treating the individual hypertensive patient: Considerations on dose, sequential monotherapy and drug combinations. J Hypertension. 1990;8:3-11.
25. Eisen SA, Miller DK, Woodward RS, et al. The effect of prescribed daily dose frequency on patient medication compliance. Arch Int Med. 1990;150:1881-1884.
26. Morgan TO, Anderson A, Jones E. Comparison and interaction of low dose felodipine and enalapril in the treatment of essential hypertension in elderly subjects. Am J Hypertens. 1992;5:238-243.
27. Lewen AJ, Lueg MC, Targum S, et al. A clinical trial evaluating the 24-hour effect of bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide 5 mg/6.25 mg combination in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Clin Cardiol. 1993;16:732-736.
28. Ratheiser K, Dusleag J, Seitl K, et al. A "lipo-protective" effect of a fixed combination of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in antihypertensive therapy. Clin Cardiol. 1992;15:647-654.
29. Ambrosini E, Borghi C, Costa FV. Captopril and hydrochlorothiazide: Rationale for their combination. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;23:43S-50S.
30. Schaub AF, Steiner A, Vetter W. Compliance to treatment. Clin Exper Hyper. 1993;12:1121-1130.
31. MRC Working Party. MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: Principal results. Br Med J. 1985;291:97-104.
32. Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella EJ, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey. Hypertension. 1995;25:305-313.
33. Neutel JM, Black HR, Weber MA Combination therapy with diuretics: an evoluion of understanding. Am J Med. 1996;101(3A):61S-70S.
34. Hung HMJ, Ng TH, Chi GY, et al. Response surface and factorial designs for combination antihypertensive drugs. Drug Inf J. 1990;24:371-378.
35. Pool JL, Cushman WC, Saini RK, et al. Use of the factorial design and quadratic response surface models to evaluate fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:117-123.
36. Menard J, Bellet M. Calcium antagonists-ACE inhibitors combination therapy: Objectives and methodology of clinical development. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993;21(suppl 2):S49-S54.
37. Scholze J, Breitstadt A, Cairns V, et al. Short report: Ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in hypertension: A clinical trial of factorial design. J Hypertens. 1993;11:217-221.
38. Fagan TC. Remembering the lessons of basic pharmacology. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1430-1431.
39. Sica DA, Gehr TDBW. Diuretic combinations in refractory edema state. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996;30:229-249.
40. Sica DA, Gehr TDBW. Triamterene and the kidney. Nephron. 1989;51:454-461.
41. Dyckner T, Wester PO. Potassium/magnesium depletion in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Med. 1987;82(suppl 3A): 11-17.
42. Naronde RF, Milgrom M, Vlachakis ND, et al. Response of thiazide-induced hypokalemia to amiloride. J Am Med Assoc. 1983;249:237-241.
43. Maschio G, Tessitore N, D'Angelo A, et al. Prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis with low-dose thiazide, amiloride and allopurinol. Am J Med 1981;71:623-626.
44. Ghosh AK, Mankikar G, Strouthidis T, et al. A single-blind, comparative study of hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride ("Moduretic" 25) and hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene ("Dyazide") in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Curr Med Res Opin. 1987;10:573-579.
45. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Efficacy of nadolol alone and combined with bendroflumethiazide and hydralazine for systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1983;52:1230-237.
46. Roja M, Cumetti C, Vergam A, et al. Antihypertensive therapy with diuretics and β-blockers at fixed dosage: Comparison between the combinations labetalol plus chlorthalidone and atenolol plus chlorthalidone. Drugs Expl Clin Res. 1985;11:841-850.
47. Jordo L, Johnsson G, Lundborg P, et al. Bioavailability and disposition of metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide combined in one tablet and of separate doses of hydrochlorothiazide. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7:563-567.
48. Steiness E. Thiazide-induced potassium loss not prevented by beta-blockade. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984;35:788-791.
49. Weber MA, Klein RC, Lipson JL. Combinations of blood-pressure-lowering agents. In: Drayer JIM, Lowenthal DT, Weber MA (eds). Drug therapy in hypertension. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1987:223-247.
50. Buhler FR, Laragh JH, Baer L, et al. Propranolol inhibition of renin secretion. A specific approach to diagnosis and treatment of renin dependent hypertensive diseases. N Engl J Med. 1972;287:1209-1214.
51. Fletcher GF, Fletcher BJ, Sweeney ME. Effects of exercise testing, training and beta-blockade on serum potassium in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65:1242-1245.
52. Burns G, Pittway D. Combination of timolol maleate, hydrochlorothiazide, and amiloride hydrochloride in the treatment of hypertension: A multicentre trial. S Afr Med J. 1980;57:815-818.
53. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents: Propranolol in the treatment of essential hypertension. J Am Med Assoc. 1977;237:2303-2310.
54. Epstein M, Oster JR. The choice of an initial and hypertensive agent. J Clin Hypertens. 1986;3:219-229.
55. MacGregor GA, Banks RA, Markander ND, et al. Lack of effect of beta-blocker on flat dose response to thiazide combined with beta-blocker. Br Med J. 1983;286:1535-1538.
56. Jackson G, Thirkettle JL, Taylor DJE, et al. A double-blind crossover trial of atenolol, enalapril, and the fixed combination of atenolol and nifedipine in mild and moderate hypertension. Br J Clin Prac. 1993;47:66-70.
57. Stanley NN, Thirkettle JL, Varma MPS, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of atenolol, nifedipine and their combination in the management of hypertension. Drugs. 1988;35(suppl 4):29-35.
58. Anderton JL, Vallance BD, Stanley NN, et al. Atenolol and sustained release nifedipine alone and in combination in hypertension: A randomized, double-blind crossover study. Drugs. 1988;35(suppl 4):22-26.
59. MacLean D. Aims of combination therapy - improved quality of life or better blood pressure control. Drugs. 1988;35(suppl 4):16-21.
60. MacLean D, Mitchell ET, Coulson RR, et al. Atenolol-nifedipine combinations compared to atenolol alone in hypertension: Efficacy and tolerability. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;25:425-431.
61. Andren L, Weiner L, Svensson, et al. Enalapril with either a "very low" or "low" dose of hydrochlorothiazide is equally effective in essential hypertension. A double blind trial in 100 essential hypertensives. J Hypertension. 1983;1(suppl 2);384-386.
62. Veteran Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Racial differences in response to low-dose captopril are abolished by the addition of hydrochlorothiazide. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982;14:97S-101S.
63. Johnston CI, Arnold L, Hiwatari M. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension. Drugs. 1984;27:271-277.
64. Costa FV, Borghi C, Ambrosini E. Captopril and oxprenolol in a fixed combination with diuretics; comparison of their antihypertensive efficacy and metabolic effects. Clin Ther. 1984;6:708-718.
65. Kellaway GSM and Inhibase General Study Group. A comparison of the efficacy of cilazipril versus cilazipril plus hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993,44:377-379.
66. Palatini P, Racioppa A, Raule G, et al, Effect of timing of administration on the plasma ACE inhibitory activity and the antihypertensive effect of quinapril. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992;52:378-383.
67. Witte K, Weisser K, Neubeck M. Cardiovascular effects, pharmacokinetics, and converting enzyme inhibition of enalapril after morning versus evening administration. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993;54:177-186.
68. Middeke M, Kluglich M, Holzgreve H. Chronopharmacology of captopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension: Morning versus evening dosing. Chronobiol Int. 1991;8:506-510.
69. Lederle RM. Captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in the fixed combination multicenter trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1985;7:S63-S69.
70. Weber M, Byyny RL, Prat JH, et al. Blood pressure effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker, losartan. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:405-411.
71. Bellet M, Sassano P, Guyene T, et al. Converting enzyme inhibition buffers the counterregulatory response to acute administration of nicardipine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;24:465-472.
72. Leonetti G, Terzoli L, Rupoli L, et al. Renal effects of felodipine in hypertension. Drugs. 1987;34(suppl 3) 59-66.
73. Frishman WF, Landau A, Cretkovic A. Combination drug therapy with calcium-channel blockers in the treatment of systemic hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;33:752-755.
74. Hung HMJ, Chi GYH, Lipicky RJ. Testing for the existence of a desirable dose combination. Biometrics. 1993;49:85-94.
75. Wolfson P, Abernethy D, DiPette D, et al. Diltiazem and captopril alone or in combination for treatment of mild to moderate systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62: 103G-108G.
76. Ferme I, Djiam J, Tcherdakoff P. Comparative study on monotherapy with sustained-release diltiazem 300 mg and enalapril 20 mg in mild to moderate arterial hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;16(suppl 1):S46-S50.
77. Leenen FHH, Holliwell DL. Antihypertensive effect of felodipine associated with persistent sympathetic nervous ystem activation and minimal regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol. 1992,69:639-645.
78. Guazzi MD, DeCesare N, Galli C, et al. Calcium channel blockade with nifedipine and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in the therapy of patients with severe primary hypertension. Circulation. 1984;70:279-284.