The physiology of murine germinal center reactions

Immunological Reviews

Volumn 156, Issue , 1997, Pages 127-136

  Kosco Vilbois, Marie H ^a   Bonnefoy, Jean Yves ^a   Chvatchko, Yolande ^a  

^a GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN; LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR;

ANTIBODY RESPONSE; B LYMPHOCYTE; GERMINAL CENTER; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION; LYMPH NODE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPLEEN;

EID: 0030984976     PISSN: 01052896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00964.x     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Reynaud CA, Garcia C, Hein WR, Weill JC. Hypermutation generating the sheep immunoglobulin repertoire is an antigen-independent process. Cell 1995;80:115-125.
2. Knight KL, Crane MA. Generating the antibody repertoire in rabbit. Adv Immunol 1994;56:179-218.
3. MacLennan IC. Germinal centers. Annu Rev Immunol 1994;12:117-139.
4. Rajewsky K. Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system. Nature 1996;381:751-758.
5. Tew JG et al. Germinal centers and antibody production in bone marrow. Immunol Rev 1992;126:99-112.
6. Kelsoe G. In situ studies of the germinal center reaction. Adv Immunol 1995;60:267-288.
7. Kosco-Vilbois MH, Zentgraf H, Gerdes J, Bonnefoy JY. To "B" or not to "B" a germinal center? Immunol Today (in press).
8. Pulendran B, Kannourakis G, Nouri S, Smith KG, Nossal GJ. Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells. Nature 1995;375:331-334.
9. Zheng B, Xue W, Kelsoe G. Locus-specific somatic hypermutation in germinal centre T cells. Nature 1994;372:556-559.
10. Kosco-Vilbois MH, Scheidegger D. Follicular dendritic cells: antigen retention, B cell activation, cytokine production. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1995;201:69-82.
11. Szakal AK, Kosco MH, Tew JG. A novel in vivo follicular dendritic cell-dependent iccosome-mediated mechanism for delivery of antigen to antigen-processing cells. J Immunol 1988;140:341-353.
12. Kelsoe G. The germinal center reaction. Immunol Today 1995;16:324-326.
13. Szakal AK, Kosco MH, Tew JG. Microanatomy of lymphoid tissue during humoral immune responses: structure function relationships. Annu Rev Immunol 1989:7:91-109.
14. Kosco-Vilbois MH, ed. An antigen depository of the immune system: follicular dendritic cells. Heidelberg: Springer; 1995.
15. Griebel PJ, Hein WR. Expanding the role of Peyer's patches in B-cell ontogeny. Immunol Today 1996;17:30-39.
16. Cornall RJ, Goodnow CC, Cyster JG. The regulation of self-reactive B cells. Curr Opin Immunol 1995;7:804-811.
17. Liu YJ, Banchereau J. The paths and molecular controls of peripheral B cell development. The Immunologist 1996;4:55-66.
18. Maizels N. Somatic hypermutation: how many mechanisms diversify V region sequences? Cell 1995;83:9-12.
19. Kelsoe G. Life and death in germinal centers (redux). Immunity 1996;4:107-111.
20. Chvatchko Y, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Herren S, Lefort J, Bonnefoy JY. Germinal center formation and local IgE production in the lung following an airway antigenic challenge. J Exp Med 1996;184:2353-2360.
21. Fuchs EJ, Matzinger P. B cells turn off virgin but not memory T cells. Science 1992;258:1156-1159.
22. Jacob J, Kelsoe G, Rajewsky K, Weiss U. Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres. Nature 1991;354:389-392.
23. Jacob J, Kassir R, Kelsoe G. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations. J Exp Med 1991;173:1165-1175.
24. Jacob J, Kelsoe G. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. II. A common clonal origin for periarteriolar lymphoid sheath-associated foci and germinal centers. J Exp Med 1992;176:679-687.
25. Stockinger B, Zal T, Zal A, Gray D. B cells solicit their own help from T cells. J Exp Med 1996;183:891-899.
26. Kosco-Vilbois MH, Herren S, Bonnefoy JY. B cells activated by follicular dendritic cells induce a Th2 cytokine pattern in response to ovalburnin. 12th International Conference on Lymphoid Tissues and Germinal Centers in Immune Reactions 1996;Abstract 149.
27. Burton GF, Conrad DH, Szakal AK, Tew JG. Follicular dendritic cells and B cell costimulation. J Immunol 1993;150:31-38.
28. Kosco-Vilbois MH, Gray D, Scheidegger D, Julius M. Follicular dendritic cells help resting B cells to become effective antigen-presenting cells: induction of B7/BB1 and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. J Exp Med 1993;178:2055-2066.
29. Burkitt HG, Young B, Heath JW, eds. Wheater's functional histology: a text and colour atlas. 3rd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone,1993.
30. Kraal G. Cells in the marginal zone of the spleen. Int Rev Cytol 1992;132:31-74.
31. Cosgrove D, et al. Mice lacking MHC class II molecules. Cell 1991;66:1051-1066.
32. Renshaw BR, et al. Humoral immune responses in CD40 ligand-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1994;180:1889-1900.
33. Kawabe T, et al. The immune responses in CD40-deficient mice: impaired immunoglobulin class switching and germinal center formation. Immunity 1994;1:167-178.
34. Xu J, et al. Mice deficient for the CD40 ligand. Immunity 1994;1:423-431.
35. Lane P, et al. B cell function in mice transgenic for mCTLA4-human γ1: lack of germinal centers correlated with poor affinity maturation and class switching despite normal priming of CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 1994;179:819-830.
36. Ferguson SE, Han S, Kelsoe G, Thompson CB. CD28 is required for germinal center formation. J Immunol 1996;156:4576-4581.
37. Shahinian A, et al. Differential T cell costimulatory requirements in CD28-deficient mice. Science 1993;261:609-612.
38. Le Hir M, et al. Differentiation of follicular dendritic cells and full antibody responses require tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 signaling. J Exp Med 1996;183:2367-2372.
39. Rickert RC, Rajewsky K, Roes J. Impairment of T-cell-dependent B-cell responses and B-1 cell development in CD19-deficient mice. Nature 1995;376:352-355.
40. Engel P, Zhou LJ, Ord DC, Sato S, Koller B, Tedder TF. Abnormal B lymphocyte development, activation, differentiation in mice that lack or overexpress the CD19 signal transduclion molecule. Immunity 1995;3:39-50.
41. Fischer MB, et al. Regulation of the B cell response to T-dependent antigen by classical pathway complement. J Immunol 1996;157:549-556.
42. Ahearn JM, et al. Disruption of the Cr2 locus results in a reduction in B-1a cells and in an impaired B cell response to T-dependent antigen. Immunity 1996;4:251-262.
43. Shinkura R, et al. Defects of somatic hypermutation and class switching in alymphoplasia (aly) mutant mice. International Immunol 1996;8:1067-1075.
44. Liu YJ, Banchereau J. Mutant mice without B lymphocyte follicles. J Exp Med 1996;184:1207-1211.
45. Pasparakis M, Alexopoulou L, Kollias G. Tumour necrosis factors in immune regulation: everything that's interesting is...new! Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 1996;7:223-229.
46. Matsumoto M, et al. Affinity maturation without germinal centers in lymphotoxin-a-deficient mice. Nature 1996;382:462-466.
47. Neumann B, et al. Crucial role of 55 Kd TNF receptor in TNF-induced adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte organ infiltration. J Immunol 1996;156:1587-1593.
48. Rennert PD, Browning JL, Mebius R, Mackay F, Hochman PS. Surface lymphotoxin alpha/beta complex is required for the development of peripheral lymphoid organs. J Exp Med 1996;184:1999-2006.
49. Schubart DB, Rolink A, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Botteri F, Matthias P. Requirement for the B cell specific coactivator OBF-1 in immune response and germinal center formation. Nature 1996;383:538-542.
50. Kapasi ZF, Burton GF, Shultz LD, Tew JG, Szakal AK. Induction of functional follicular dendritic cell development in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Influence of B and T cells. J Immunol 1993;150:2648-2658.
51. Kopf M, Le Gros G, Coyle AJ, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Brombacher F. Immune responses of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 deficient mice. Immunol Rev 1995;148:45-69.
52. Dempsey PW, Allison ME, Akkaraju S, Goodnow CC, Fearon DT. C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: Bridging innate and acquired immunity. Science 1996;271:348-350.
53. Sears MR, Burrows B, Flannery EM, Herbison GP, Hewitt CJ, Holdaway MD. Relation between airway responsiveness and serum IgE in children with asthma and in apparently normal children. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1067-1071.
54. Ricci M, Rossi O. Dysregulation of IgE responses and airway allergic inflammation in atopic individuals. Clin Exp Allergy 1990;20:601-609.
55. Burrows B, Martinez FD, Halonen M, Barbee RA, Cline MG. Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin-test reactivity to allergens. N Engl J Med 1989;320:271-277.
56. Bradley BL, et al. Eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages in bronchial biopsy specimens from atopic subjects with asthma: comparison with biopsy specimens from atopic subjects without asthma and normal control subjects and relationship to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;88:661-674.
57. Bentley AM, Meng Q, Robinson DS, Hamid Q, Kay AB, Durham SR. Increases in activated T lymphocytes, eosinophils, cytokine mRNA expression for interleukin-5 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor in bronchial biopsies after allergen inhalation challenge in atopic asthmatics. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 1993;8:35-42.
58. Corrigan CJ, Kay AB. T cells and eosinophils in the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunol Today 1992;13:501-507.
59. Lukacs NW, Stricter RM, Kunkel SL. Leukocyte infiltration in allergic airway inflammation. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 1995;13:1-6.
60. Kwon OJ, Jose PJ, Robbins RA, Schall TJ, Williams TJ, Barnes PJ. Glucocorticoid inhibition of RANTES expression in human lung epithelial cells. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 1995;12:488-496.
61. Raeburn D, Webber SE. Proinflammatory potential of the airway epithelium in bronchial asthma. Euro Resp J 1994;7:2226-2233.
62. Walker C, Braun RK, Boer C, Kroegel C, Virchow JC, Hansel TT. Cytokine control of eosinophils in pulmonary diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994;94:1262-1271.
63. Sehmi R, Wardlaw AJ, Cromwell O, Kurihara K, Waltmann P, Kay AB. Interleukin-5 selectively enhances the chemotactic response of eosinophils obtained from normal but not eosinophilic subjects. Blood 1992;79:2952-2959.
64. Warringa RA, Koenderman L, Kok PT, Kreukniet J, Bruijnzeel PL. Modulation and induction of eosinophil chemotaxis by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3. Blood 1991;77:2694-2700.
65. Semper AE, et al. Expression of the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE) by dendritic cells in normals and asthmatics. Adv Exp Med Biol 1995;378:135-138.
66. Masuda M, Roos D. Association of all three types of Fc gamma R (CD64, CD32, CD16) with a gamma-chain homodimer in cultured human monocytes. J Immunol 1993;151:7188-7195.
67. Gounni AS, et al. High-affinity IgE receptor on eosinophils is involved in defence against parasites. Nature 1994;367:183-186.
68. Campbell AM, Vignola AM, Chanez P, Godard P, Bousquet J. Low-affinity receptor for IgE on human bronchial epithelial cells in asthma. Immunol 1994;82:506-508.
69. Blyth DI, Pedrick MS, Savage TJ, Hessel EM, Fattah D. Lung inflammation and epithelial changes in a murine model of atopic asthma. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 1996;14:425-438.
70. Tschernig T, Kleemann WJ, Pabst R. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the lungs of children who had died from sudden infant death syndrome and other causes. Thorax 1995;50:658-660.
71. Gould SJ, Isaacson PG. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human fetal and infant lung. J Pathol 1993;169:229-234.
72. Richmond I, Pritchard GE, Ashcroft T, Avery A, Corris PA, Walters EH. Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human lung: its distribution in smokers and non-smokers. Thorax 1993;48:1130-1134.
73. Pabst R, Tschernig T. Lymphocytes in the lung: an often neglected cell. Numbers, characterization and compartmentalization. Ana & Embryo 1995;192:293-299.
74. Nicholson AG, et al. Reactive pulmonary lymphoid disorders. Histopathol 1995;26:405-412.
75. Slavin RG, Gleich GJ, Hutcheson PS, Kephart GM, Knutsen AP, Tsai CC. Localization of IgE to lung germinal lymphoid follicles in a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90:1006-1008.
76. Wallace WAH, Howie SEM, Krajewski AS, Lamb D. The immunological architecture of B lymphocyte aggregates in cryptogenic fibrosing alveotis. J Pathol 1996;178:323-329.
77. DiCosmo B, et al. Airway epithelial cell expression of interleukin-6 in transgenic mice. J Clin Inv 1994;94:2028-2035.
78. Denis M. Interleukin-6 in mouse hypersensitivity pneumonitis: changes in lung free cells following depletion of endogenous IL-6 or direct administration of IL-6. J Leuk Biol 1992;52:197-201.
79. Tsan MF, White JE, Del Vecchio PJ, Shaffer JB. IL-6 enhances TNF-alpha- and IL-1-induced increase of Mn superoxide dismutase mRNA and O2 tolerance. Am J Physiol 1992;263:L22-26.
80. Pasparakis M, Alexopoulou L, Episkopou, Kollias G. Immune and inflammatory responses in TNFa deficient mice: A critical requirement for TNFa in the formation of primary B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centres and in the maturation of the humoral immune response. J Exp Med 1996;184:1397-1411.