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The spin trap DMPO (Aldrich, >97% pure) was used at 50 mM with the spectrometer set at a microwave frequency of 9.77 GHz with 20 mW of microwave power and a modulation amplitude of 0.5 G. Treatment with Cu-Zn SOD (Sigma), catalase (Sigma), DPI (Toronto Research), or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (Sigma) was for 20 min before recording of EPR spectra. Treatment with the FPTase inhibitor H-Ampamb-Phe-Met-OH (LC Laboratories) was for 48 hours before obtaining spectra. At this concentration and with this duration of treatment, no cellular toxicity was observed.
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49
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note
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5 cells. EPR spectra were obtained 48 hours after transfection. For the LUCL assay, 1 × 105 transfected cells were replated onto each tissue culture insert 24 hours after transfection and the assay was performed 24 hours later. Protein immunoblot analysis was done on cells 48 hours after transfection.
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50
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note
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V12 in A6 cells was confirmed by protein immunoblotting with an antibody to H-Ras (Oncogene Science). Serum starvation was carried out in 0.1% serum for 48 hours.
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51
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note
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2, 15 mM Hepes, 10 mM EGTA (pH 7.0), 0.1% Triton X-100, 20 μg/ml each of chymostatin, pepstatin, antipain, and leupeptin, 1 mM 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzylsulfonyl fluoride, and 1 mM Na orthovanadate]. Immunoprecipitates or total cell lysates were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and transferred to nitrocellulose filters. Blots were then probed with the indicated antibody and developed by ECL (Amersham).
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