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Intestinal metabolism of glutamine and glutamate from the lumen as compared to glutamine from blood
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Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE: Intestinal metabolism of glutamine and glutamate from the lumen as compared to glutamine from blood. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975, 171:662-672. This often-overlooked paper illustrates the comparative metabolism of luminal glutamine and glutamate by the intestine. The study demonstrates that the intestinal metabolism and oxidation of luminal glutamate and glutamine are identical.
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L-glutamine and L-asparagine stimulate ODC activity and proliferation in a porcine jejunal enterocyte line
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3H-thymidine incorporation. The results suggest that the induction of ODC by glutamine and asparagine could be mediated by increased availability of the ODC substrate ornithine.
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Wang J-Y, Viar MJ, Blanner PM, Johnson LR: Expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in response to asparagine in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1996, 271:G164-G171. This study is an excellent example of how nutrients can affect intestinal gene expression.
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Wang, J.-Y.1
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Wu G, Knabe DA: Arginine synthesis in enterocytes of neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol 1995, 269:R621-R629. This study provides biochemical evidence demonstrating the potential importance of intestinal arginine synthesis in the neonatal pig.
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Flynn NE, Wu G: An important role for endogenous synthesis of arginine in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol 1996, 271:R1149-R1155. In this study, the authors used an inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of citrulline in the mucosa, to show the quantitatively significant contribution of de novo arginine synthesis to the arginine economy of the milk-fed neonate.
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Wu G, Knabe DA, Flynn NE, Yan W, Flynn SP: Arginine degradation in developing porcine enterocytes. Am J Physiol 1996, 271:G913-G919. In this paper, the ability of porcine enterocytes to degrade arginine to urea + ornithine and to citrulline is demonstrated. The authors conclude that the relative rates of the two pathways alter at weaning with an enhancement of urea synthesis in older animals.
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Ortega MA, Nunez MC, Gil A, Sanchez-Poso A: Dietary nucleotides accelerate intestinal recovery after food deprivation in old rats. J Nutr 1995, 125:1413-1418.
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Lopez-Navarro AT, Ortega MA, Peragon J, Bueno JD, Gil A, Sanchez Poso A: Deprivation of dietary nucleotides decreases protein synthesis in the liver and small intestine in rats. Gastroenterology 1996, 110:1760-1769.
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22
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Ribonucleic acid nucleotides in maternal and fetal tissues derive almost exclusively from synthesis de novo in pregnant mice
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Dietary nucleotides enhance plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and apolipoprotein A-IV concentration in preterm newborn infants
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Whitely LO, Higgins JM, Purdon MP, Ridder GM, Bertram TA: Evaluation in rats of the dose-response relationship among colonic mucosal growth, colonic fermentation and dietary fiber. Dig Dis Sci 1996, 41:1458-1467. This study suggests that the effects of dietary fiber on colonic mucosal growth and metabolic activity are separate effects. The results imply that any trophic effects of SCFAs are not direct reflections of their oxidative metabolism.
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Kinetic studies on colonocyte metabolism of short chain fatty acids and glucose in ulcerative colitis
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Clausen MR, Mortensen PB: Kinetic studies on colonocyte metabolism of short chain fatty acids and glucose in ulcerative colitis. Gut 1995, 37:684-689. This important study presents systematic kinetic evidence for the preferential use of butyrate by isolated colonocytes. It also shows that cells isolated from patients had metabolism that was indistinguishable from that of colonocytes from healthy subjects.
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Scheppach W, Bartram HP, Richter F: Role of short-chain fatty acids in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 1995, 31A:1077-1080. This is a particularly thoughtful and useful review of the literature up to late 1993.
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Scheppach, W.1
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Mortensen PB, Clausen MR: Short-chain fatty acids in the human colon: relation to gastrointestinal health and disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996, 31(suppl 216):132-148.
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Antalis TM, Reeder JA: Butyrate regulates gene expression of the plasminogen activating system in colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer 1995, 62:619-626. This study presents data on simultaneous studies of activation of the system responsible for inhibition and inhibition of the activating system for the extracellular protease plasminogen activator. The authors speculate that this might indicate an important role for butyrate in lowering the invasiveness of malignant cells of colonic origin.
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Human dipeptidyl peptidase IV gene promoter: Tissue specific regulation from a TATA-less GC-rich sequence characteristic of a housekeeping gene promoter
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Aghdassi E, Raina N, Allard JP: Cecal infusion of nutrients improves nutritional status of rats. J Nutr 1995, 125:2880-2886.
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Cherbut C, Aubé A-C, Blottiére HM, Pacaud P, Scarpignato C, Galmiche J-P: In vitro contractile effects of short chain fatty acids in the rat terminal ileum. Gut 1996, 38:53-58.
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