Intracellular concentrations of major ions in rat myelinated axens and glia: Calculations based on electron probe x-ray microanalyses

Journal of Neurochemistry

Volumn 68, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 1920-1928

  Stys, Peter K ^b,c   Lehning, Ellen ^a   Saubermann, A J ^a   LoPachin Jr , Richard M ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^c OTTAWA HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Calcium; Chloride; Myelinated axon; Neuroglia; Potassium; Schwann cell; Sodium

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CHLORIDE; POTASSIUM; SODIUM;

ADOLESCENT; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCULATION; ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS; GLIA CELL; MYELINATED NERVE; NERVE CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; NERVE FIBER MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; NONHUMAN; POTASSIUM CELL LEVEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SODIUM CELL LEVEL; WATER CONTENT;

ANIMALIA; GILA;

EID: 0030951034     PISSN: 00223042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68051920.x     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. - regulation and synaptic inhibition in vertebrate and invertebrate neurons, in Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve, Muscle, and Glial Cells (Alvarez-Leefmans F. J. and Russell J. M., eds), pp. 109-158. Plenum Press, New York.
2. Alvarez-Leefmans F. J. and Russell J. M., eds. (1990) Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve, Muscle, and Glial Cells, pp. 6-7. Plenum Press, New York.
3. Ammann D. (1986) Ion-Selective Microelectrodes, p. 346. Springer-Verlag, New York.
4. Arhem P., Frankenhaeuser B., and Moore L. E. (1973) Ionic currents at resting potential in nerve fibres from Xenopus laevis. Potential clamp experiments. Acta Physiol. Scand. 88, 446-454.
5. + activity in cultured mouse oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 26, 455-460.
6. Ballanyi K., Grafe P., and ten Bruggencate G. (1987) Ion activities and potassium uptake mechanisms of glial cells in guinea-pig olfactory cortex slices. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 382, 159-174.
7. Barrett E. F., Monta K., and Scappaticci K. A. (1988) Effects of tetraethylammonium on the depolarizing after-potential and passive properties of lizard myelinated axons. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 402, 65-78.
8. Blaustein M. P. (1988) Calcium transport and buffering in neurons. Trends Neurosci. 11, 438-443.
9. Bostock H. and Grafe P. (1985) Activity-dependent excitability changes in normal and demyelinated rat spinal root axons. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 365, 239-257.
10. Brismar T. (1980) Potential clamp analysis of membrane currents in rat myelinated nerve fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 298, 171-184.
11. Bulger R. E., Beeuwkes R., and Saubermann A. J. (1981) Application of scanning electron microscopy to x-ray analysis of frozen-hydrated sections. III. Elemental content of cells in the rat renal papillary tip. J. Cell Biol. 88, 274-280.
12. Caldwell P. C. (1968) Factors governing movement and distribution of inorganic ions in nerve and muscle. Physiol. Rev. 48, 1-64.
13. Chiu S. Y. (1995) Schwann cell function in saltatory conduction, in Neuroglia (Kettenmann H. and Ransom B. R., eds), pp. 777-792. Oxford University Press, New York.
14. Coles J. A. and Orkand R. K. (1985) Changes in sodium activity during light stimulation in photoreceptors, glia and extracellular space in drone retina. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 362, 415-435.
15. Connors B. W. and Ransom B. R. (1984) Chloride conductance and extracellular potassium concentration interact to modify the excitability of rat optic nerve fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 355, 619-633.
16. David G., Modney B., Scappaticci K. A., Barrett J. N., and Barrett E. F. (1995) Electrical and morphological factors influencing the depolarizing after-potential in rat and lizard myelinated axons. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 489, 141-157.
17. Erecińska M. and Silver I. A. (1994) Ions and energy in mammalian brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 43, 37-71.
18. Foster M. C. and Saubermann A. J. (1991) Personal-computer-based system for electron beam X-ray microanalysis of biological samples. J. Microsc. 161, 367-373.
19. Foster R. E., Connors B. W., and Waxman S. G. (1982) Rat optic nerve: electrophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical studies during development. Dev. Brain Res. 3, 371-386.
20. Frankenhaeuser B. (1957) A method for recording resting and action potentials in the isolated myelinated nerve fiber of the frog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 135, 550-559.
21. Futamachi K. J. and Pedley T. A. (1976) Glial cells and extracellular potassium: their relationship in mammalian cortex. Brain Res. 109, 311-322.
22. Hinke J. A. (1961) The measurement of sodium and potassium activities in the squid axon by means of cation-selective glass microelectrodes. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 156, 314-335.
23. - efflux from cultured mouse oligodendrocytes. Neurosci. Lett. 97, 334-339.
24. Jirounek P., Vitus J., Pralong W. F., and Straub R. W. (1988) Calcium efflux and intracellular exchangeable calcium in mammalian nonmyelinated nerve fibers. J. Membr. Biol. 103, 121-134.
25. + in isolated heart mitochondria estimated using a fluorescent probe. Am. J. Physiol. 262, C1047-C1055.
26. - channels in cultured astrocytes. Brain Res. 404, 1-9.
27. Khodorov B., Valkina O., and Turovetsky V. (1994) Mechanisms of stimulus-evoked intracellular acidification in frog nerve fibres. FEBS Lett. 341, 125-127.
28. Kocsis J. D. and Sakatani K. (1995) Modulation of axonal excitability by neurotransmitter receptors, in The Axon: Structure, Function and Pathophysiology (Waxman S. G., Kocsis J. D., and Stys P. K., eds), pp. 281-295. Oxford University Press, New York.
29. Krnjević K. (1955) The distribution of Na and K in cat nerve. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 128, 473-488.
30. Lehning E. J., Doshi R., Stys P. K., and LoPachin R. M. (1995) Mechanisms of injury-induced calcium entry into peripheral nerve myelinated axons: in vitro anoxia and ouabain exposure. Brain Res. 694, 158-166.
31. Lehning E. J., Doshi R., Isaksson N., Stys P. K., and LoPachin R. M. Jr. (1996) Mechanisms of injury-induced calcium entry into peripheral nerve myelinated axons: role of reverse sodium-calcium exchange. J. Neurochem. 66, 493-500.
32. Leppanen L. L. and Stys P. K. (1995) Resting membrane potential during metabolic inhibition in CNS myelinated axons. Can. Physiol. Soc. Abstr. 26, 110.
33. Lev A. A. and Armstrong W. M. (1975) Ionic activities in cells, in Current Topics in Membranes and Transport, Vol. 6 (Bronner F. and Kleinzelk A., eds), pp. 59-123. Academic Press, New York.
34. Lide D. R. (1993) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, pp. 6-13. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
35. LoPachin R. M. (1995) Electron probe x-ray microanalysis as a tool for discerning mechanisms of nerve injury, in Neurotoxicology: Approaches and Methods (Chang L. W. and Slikker W. L., eds), pp. 445-453. Academic Press, San Diego.
36. LoPachin R. M. Jr. and Saubermann A. J. (1990) Disruption of cellular elements and water in neurotoxicity: studies using electron probe x-ray microanalysis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 106, 355-374.
37. LoPachin R. M. and Stys P. K. (1995) Elemental composition and water content of rat optic nerve myelinated axons and glial cells: effects of in vitro anoxia and reoxygenation. J Neurosci. 15, 6735-6746.
38. LoPachin R. M. Jr., Lowery J., Eichberg J., Kirkpatrick J. B., Cartwright J. Jr., and Saubermann A. J. (1988) Distribution of elements in rat peripheral axons and nerve cell bodies determined by x-ray microprobe analysis. J. Neurochem. 51, 764-775.
39. LoPachin R. M., Castiglia C. M., and Saubermann A. J. (1991) Elemental composition and water content of myelinated axons and glial cells in rat central nervous system. Brain Res 549, 253-259.
40. Mullins L. J. and Noda K. (1963) The influence of sodium-free solutions on the membrane potential of frog muscle fibers. J. Gen. Physiol. 47, 117-132.
41. Newman E. A. (1987) Distribution of potassium conductance in mammalian Muller (glial) cells: a comparative study. J. Neurosci. 7, 2423-2432.
42. Newman E. A. (1995) Glial cell regulation of extracellular potassium, in Neuroglia (Kettenmann H. and Ransom B. R., eds), pp. 717-731. Oxford University Press, New York.
43. Ritchie J. M. (1992) Voltage-gated ion channels in Schwann cells and glia. Trends Neurosci. 15, 345-351.
44. Rose C. R. and Ransom B. R. (1996) Intracellular sodium homeostasis in rat hippocampal astrocytes. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 491, 291-305.
45. Saubermann A. J., Beeuwkes R., and Peters P. D. (1981a) Application of scanning electron microscopy to x-ray analysis of frozen-hydrated sections. II. Analysis of standard solutions and artificial electrolyte gradients. J. Cell Biol. 88, 268-273.
46. Saubermann A. J., Echlin P., Peters P. D., and Beeuwkes R. (1981b) Application of scanning electron microscopy to x-ray analysis of frozen-hydrated sections. I. Specimen handling techniques J. Cell Biol. 88, 257-267.
47. 2+ electrochemical gradients in cardiac muscle and their relationship to force development. J. Gen. Physiol. 80, 325-351.
48. +,K(+)-ATPase alpha 3 isoenzyme in rat pineal glands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1178-1182.
49. +-ATPase activity. J. Neurosci. 14, 2464-2475.
50. Stampfli R. (1954) A new method for measuring membrane potentials with external electrodes. Experientia 10, 508-509.
51. Steffensen I. and Stys P. K. (1995) Immunolocalization of the Na-Ca exchange in central and peripheral myelinated axons of the rat. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21, 60.
52. Steffensen I. and Stys P. K. (1996) Intracellular calcium dynamics in CNS myelinated axons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 341.
53. Stys P. K. and LoPachin R. M. (1996) Elemental composition and water content of rat optic nerve myelinated axons during in vitro post-anoxia reoxygenation. Neuroscience 73, 1081-1090.
54. Sweadner K. J. (1995) Na,K-ATPase and its isoforms, in Neuroglia (Kettenmann H. and Ransom B. R., eds). pp. 259-272. Oxford University Press, New York.
55. 2+ stores in Purkinje neurons: endoplasmic reticulum subcompartments demonstrated by the heterogeneous distribution of the InsP3 receptor, Ca(2+)-ATPase, and calsequestrin. J. Neurosci. 12, 489-505.
56. Thomas R. C. (1972) Electrogenic sodium pump in nerve and muscle cells. Physiol. Rev. 52, 563-594.
57. Vogel W. and Schwarz J. R. (1995) Voltage-clamp studies in axons: macroscopic and single channel currents, in The Axon: Structure, Function and Pathophysiology (Waxman S. G., Kocsis J. D., and Stys P. K., eds), pp. 257-280. Oxford University Press, New York.
58. Wallin B. G. (1967) Intracellular ion concentrations in single cray-fish axons. Acta Physiol. Scand. 70, 419-430.
59. Walz W. (1987) Swelling and potassium uptake in cultured astrocytes. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 65, 1051-1057.
60. Walz W. (1995) Distribution and transport of chloride and bicarbonate ions across membranes, in Neuroglia (Kettenman H. and Ransom B. R., eds), pp. 221-345. Oxford University Press, New York.
61. Walz W. and Hertz L. (1983) Intracellular ion changes of astrocytes in response to extracellular potassium. J. Neurosci. Res 10, 411-423.
62. + levels by astrocytes. Brain Res. 343, 44-51.
63. Walz W., Wuttke W., and Hertz L. (1984) Astrocytes in primary cultures: membrane potential characteristics reveal exclusive potassium conductance and potassium accumulator properties Brain Res. 292, 367-374.