Acute primary HIV infection

JAMA

Volumn 278, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 58-62

  Quinn, Thomas C ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CASE REPORT; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HELPER CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MALE; MEMORY CELL; NOTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; SEROCONVERSION; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 0030919459     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.278.1.58     Document Type: Note

References (50)

1. Cooper DA, Gold J, Maclean P, et al. Acute AIDS retrovirus infection. Lancet. 1985;1:537-540.
2. Ho DD, Sarngadharan MG, Resnick L, et al. Primary human T-lymphotropic virus type III infection. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:880-883.
3. Tindall B, Barker S, Donovan B, et al. Characterization of the acute clinical illness associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:945-949.
4. Fox R, Eldred LJ, Fuchs EJ, et al. Clinical manifestations of acute infection with human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of gay men. AIDS. 1987; 1:35-38.
5. Calabrese LH, Proffitt MR, Levin KH, et al. Acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with acute brachial neuritis and exanthematous rash. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:849-851.
6. Tindall B, Cooper DA, Donovan B, Penny R. Primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1988;2:329-341.
7. Carne CA, Tedder RS, Smith A, et al. Acute encephalopathy coincident with seroconversion for anti-HTLV-III. Lancet. 1985;2:1206-1208.
8. Hagberg L, Malmvall B-E, Svennerholm L,et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome as an early manifestation of HIV central nervous system infection. Scand J Infect Dis. 1986;18:591-592.
9. LeBoit PE. Dermatopathologic findings in patients infected with HIV. Dermatol Clin. 1992;10: 59-71.
10. Balslev E, Thomsen HK, Weismann K. Histopathology of acute human immunodeficiency virus exanthema. J Clin Pathol. 1990;43:201-202.
11. Tindall B, Hing M, Edwards P, et al. Severe clinical manifestations of primary HIV infection. AIDS. 1989;3:747-749.
12. Goudsmit J, de Wolf F, Paul DA, et al. Expression of human immunodeficiency virus antigen (HIV-Ag) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid during acute and chronic infection. Lancet. 1986;2:177-180.
13. Stramer SL, Heller JS, Coombs RW, et al. Markers of HIV infection prior to IgG antibody seropositivity. JAMA. 1989;262:64-69.
14. Clark SJ, Saag MS, Decker WD, et al. High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:954-960.
15. Daar ES, Moudgil T, Meyer RD, Ho DD. Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:961-964.
16. Piatak M Jr, Saag MS, Yang LC, et al. High levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR. Science. 1993; 259:1749-1754.
17. US Public Health Service guidelines for testing and counseling blood and plasma donors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antigen. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996;45:1-9.
18. Henrard DR, Phillips J, Windsor I, et al. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 antigen and plasma RNA: relevance to indeterminate serologic tests. Transfusion. 1994;34:376-380.
19. Henrard DR, Phillips JF, Muenz LR, et al. Natural history of HIV-1 cell-free viremia. JAMA. 1995; 274:554-558.
20. Cates W Jr, Cohen MS. Early treatment of HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1783.
21. Jacquez JA, Koopman JS, Simon CP, Longini IM Jr. Role of the primary infection in epidemics of HIV infection in gay cohorts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994;7:1169-1184.
22. Estimates of HIV prevalence and projected AIDS cases. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990; 49:110-112,117-119.
23. Clark SJ, Kelen GD, Henrard DR, et al. Unsuspected primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in seronegative emergency department patients. J Infect Dis. 1994;170:194-197.
24. Schacker T, Collier AC, Hughes J, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic features of primary HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:257-264.
25. Fauci AS, Pantaleo G, Stanley S, Weissman D. Immunopathogenic mechanisms of HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:654-663.
26. Nielsen C, Pedersen C, Lundgren JD, Gerstoft J. Biological properties of HIV isolates in primary HIV infection. AIDS. 1993;7:1035-1040.
27. Roos MT, Lange JM, de Goede RE, et al. Viral phenotype and immune response in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis. 1992;165:427-432.
28. . Niu MT, Stein DS, Schnittman SM. Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis. 1993;168:1490-1501.
29. Mellors JW, Kingsley LA, Rinaldo CR Jr, et al. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:573-579.
30. Mellors JW, Rinaldo CRJr, Gupta P, et al. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science. 1996;272:1167-1170.
31. Pantaleo G, Graziosi C, Fauci AS. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:327-335.
32. Havlir DV, Richman DD. Viral dynamics of HIV: implications for drug development and therapeutic strategies. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:984-994.
33. Ho DD. Viral counts count in HIV infection. Science. 1996:272:1124-1125.
34. Perelson AS, Neumann AU, Markowitz M, et al. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science. 1996;271:1582-1586.
35. Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, et al. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature. 1995;373:117-122.
36. Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, et al. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature. 1995;373:123-126.
37. Koup RA, Safrit JT, Cao Y, et al. Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J Virol. 1994;68: 4650-4655.
38. + cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol. 1994; 68:6103-6110.
39. +T cells with a predominant Vβ usage during the primary immune response to HIV. Nature. 1994;370:463-467.
40. Mackewicz CE, Yang LC, Lifson JD, Levy JA. Non-cytolytic CD8T-cell anti-HIV responses in primary HIV-1 infection. Lancet. 1994;344:1671-1673.
41. + T cells. Science. 1995;270:1811-1815.
42. Graziosi C, Gantt KR, Vaccarezza M, et al. Kinetics of cytokine expression during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:4386-4391.
43. Sinicco A, Biglino A, Sciandra M, et al. Cytokine network and acute primary HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 1993;7:1167-1172.
44. 8 T lymphocytes. AIDS. 1995;9:561-566.
45. Kinloch-De Loes S, Hirschel BJ, Hoen B, et al. A controlled trial of zidovudine in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:408-413.
46. Holodniy M, Niu M, Bethel J, et al. A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) vs placebo in primary HIV infection (DATRI 002). Presented at XI International Conference on AIDS; July 8, 1996; Vancouver, British Columbia.
47. Erice A, Mayers DL, Strike DG, et al. Primary infection with zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1, N Engl J Med. 1993;328: 1163-1165.
48. Markowitz M, Cao Y, Hurley A, et al. Triple therapy with AZT, 3TC, and ritonavir in 12 subjects newly infected with HIV-I. Presented at XI International Conference on AIDS, July 8, 1996; Vancouver, British Columbia.
49. Perelson AS, Essunger P, Markowitz M, Ho DD. How long should treatment be given if we had an antiretroviral regimen that completely blocks HIV replication? Presented at XI International Conference on AIDS, July 8, 1996; Vancouver, British Columbia.
50. Ho DD. Time to hit HIV, early and hard. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:450-451.