The changing preference of T and B cells for partners as T-dependent antibody responses develop

Immunological Reviews

Volumn 156, Issue , 1997, Pages 53-66

  MacLennan, Ian C M ^a   Gulbranson Judge, Adam ^a   Toellner, Kai Michael ^a   Casamayor Palleja, Montserat ^a   Chan, Eric ^d   Sze, Daniel M Y ^a   Luther, Sanjiv A ^b   Orbea, Hans Acha ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b LUDWIG INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY; CD4 ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PEPTIDE; SUPERANTIGEN;

ANTIBODY RESPONSE; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL SURFACE; DENDRITIC CELL; GERMINAL CENTER; HUMAN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE; INTERDIGITATING CELL; LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; LYMPHOID TISSUE; MEMORY CELL; NONHUMAN; PLASMA CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 0030900762     PISSN: 01052896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00958.x     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. MacLennan ICM, Gray D. Antigen-driven selection of virgin and memory B cells. Immunol Rev 1986;91:61-85.
2. Jacob J, Kelsoe G, Rajewsky K, Weiss U. Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres. Nature 1991;354:389-392.
3. Berek C, Berger A, Apel M. Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers. Cell 1991;67:1121-1129.
4. Küppers RM, Zhao ML, Hansmann K, Rajewsky K. Tracing B-cell development in human germinal-centers by molecular analysis of single cells picked from histological sections. EMBO J 1993;12:4955-4967.
5. Pascual V, Liu YJ, Maglaski A, de Bouteiller O, Banchereau J, Capra JD. Analysis of somatic mutation in five B cell subsets in human tonsil. J Exp Med 1994;180:329-339.
6. MacLennan ICM. Germinal centers. Annu Rev Immunol 1994;12:117-139.
7. Zheng B, Xue W, Kelsoe G. Locus specific somatic hypermutation in germinal center T cells. Nature 1994;372:556-559.
8. Gulbranson-Judge A, MacLennan ICM. Sequential antigen-specific growth of T cells in the T zones and follicles in response to pigeon cytochrome c. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:1830-1837.
9. MacLennan ICM, Liu Y-J, Oldfield S, Zhang J, Lane PJL. The evolution of B cell clones. Curr Topics Microbiol Immunol 1990;159:37-64.
10. Jacob J, Kassir R, Kelsoe G. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations. J Exp Med 1991;173:1165-1175.
11. Liu YJ, Zhang J, Lane PJL, Chan EY-T, MacLennan ICM. Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. Eur J Immunol 1991;21:2951-2962.
12. Jacob J, Kelsoe G. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. II. A common clonal origin for periarteriolar lymphoid sheath-associated foci and germinal centers. J Exp Med 1992;176:679-688
13. Han SH, Hathcock K, Zheng B, Kepler TB, Hodes R, Kelsoe G. Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-1 and B7-2 in established germinal centers. J Immunol 1995;155:556-567.
14. Ho F, Lortan J, Khan M, MacLennan ICM. Distinct short-lived and long-lived antibody-producing cell populations. Eur J Immunol 1986;16:1297-1301.
15. Steinman RM. The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu Rev Immunol 1991;9:271-296.
16. Fossum S. Lymph-borne dendritic leucocytes do not recirculate, but enter the lymph node paracortex to become interdigitating cells. Scand J Immunol 1988;17:97-105.
17. Austyn JM. New insights into the mobilisation and phagocytic activity of dendritic cells. J Exp Med 1996;183:1287-1292.
18. Howard JC, Hunt SV, Gowans JL. Identification of marrow-derived and thymus-derived small lymphocytes in the lymphoid tissues and thoracic duct lymph of normal rats. J Exp Med 1972;135:200-209.
19. Nieuwenhuis P, Ford WL. Comparative migration of T cells and B cells in the rat spleen and lymph nodes. Cell Immunol 1976;23:254-267.
20. Inaba K, Whitmer MD, Steinman RM. Clustering of dendritic cells, helper T lymphocytes, and histocompatible B cells during primary antibody responses in vitro. J Exp Med 1984;160:858-876.
21. Gray D, MacLennan ICM, Lane PJL. Virgin B cell recruitment and the lifespan of memory clones during antibody responses to 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hemocyanin. Eur J Immunol 1986;16:641-648.
22. Toellner K-M, Gulbranson-Judge A, Taylor DR, Sze DM-Y, MacLennan ICM. Immunoglobulin switch transcript production in vivo related to the site and time of antigen-specific B cell activation. J Exp Med 1996;183:2303-2312.
23. Acha-Orbea H, MacDonald HR. Superantigens of mouse mammary tumor virus. Annu Rev Immunol 1995;13:459-486.
24. Luther SA, Gulbranson-Judge A, Acha-Orbea H, MacLennan ICM. Viral superantigen drives extrafollicular and follicular B cell differentiation leading to virus-specific antibody production. J Exp Med 1997;185:551-562.
25. + phenotype. J Exp Med 1989;169:653-662.
26. Akbar AN, Terry L, Timms A, Beverly PCL, Janossy G. Loss of CD45R and gain of UCHL1 activity is a feature of primed T cells. J Immunol 1988;140:2171-2175.
27. Beverley, PCL. Human T cell memory. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1990;159:111-122.
28. + memory T cells contains preformed CD40 ligand that is rapidly but transiently expressed on their surface after activation through the T cell receptor. J Exp Med 1995;181:1293-1301.
29. Liu YJ, Oldfield S, MacLennan ICM. Memory B cells in T-cell dependent antibody responses colonize the splenic marginal zones. Eur J Immunol 1988;18:355-362.
30. Kumararatne DS, MacLennan ICM. Cells of the marginal zone of the spleen are derived from recirculating precursors. Eur J Immunol 1981;11:865-869.
31. Brown, JC, Harris G, Papamichail M, Slijivic VS, Holborow EJ. Localization of aggregated human gamma-globulin in the spleens of normal mice. Immunology 1973;24:955-968.
32. Gray D, Kumararatne DS, Lortan J, Khan M, MacLennan ICM. Relation of intra-splenic migration of marginal zone B cells to antigen localization on follicular dendritic cells. Immunology 1984;52:659-669.
33. Kroese FGM, Wubbena AS, Nieuwenhuis P. Germinal centre formation and follicular antigen trapping in the spleen of lethally X-irradiated and reconstituted rats. Immunology 1986;57:99-104.
34. Herman P. Microcirculation of lymphoid tissues. Monographs in Allergy 1980;16:126-142.
35. Stein H, Bonk A, Tolksdorf G, Lennart K, Rodt H, Gerdes J. Immunohistologic analysis of the organisation of normal tissue and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. J Histochem Cytochem 1980;28:746-760.
36. Liu Y-J, Oldfield S, MacLennan ICM. Thymus-independent type 2 responses in lymph nodes. Adv Exp Biol Med 1989;237:113-117.
37. Spencer J, Finn T, Pulford, KAF, Mason DY, Isaacson PG. The human gut contains a novel population of B lymphocytes which resemble marginal zone cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1985;62:607-612.
38. Liu Y-J, Bartholémy C, de Bouteiller O, Arpin C, Durand I, Banchereau J. Memory B cells from human tonsils colonize mucosal epithelium and directly present antigen to T cells by rapid upregulation of B7.1 and B7.2. Immunity 1995;2:239-248.
39. Lortan JE, Roobottom CA, Oldfield S, MacLennan ICM. Newly-produced virgin B cells migrate to secondary lymphoid organs but their capacity to enter follicles is restricted. Eur J Immunol 1987;17:1311-1316.
40. Chan EY-T, MacLennan ICM. Only a small proportion of splenic B-cells in adults are short-lived virgin cells. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:357-363.
41. Osmond DG, Nossal GJV. Differentiation of lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow II. Kinetics of maturation and renewal of antiglobulin-binding cells studied by double labelling. Cell Immunol 1974;13:132-145.
42. - B lymphocyte subsets. Eur J Immunol 1982;12:564-569.
43. Sprent J, Basten A. Circulating T and B cells of the mouse II: Lifespan. Cell Immunol 1973;7:44-59.
44. Gray D. Population kinetics of rat peripheral B cells. J Exp Med 1988;167:805-816.
45. Förster I, Rajewsky K. The bulk of the peripheral B cell pool in mice is stable and not rapidly renewed from the bone marrow. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:4781-4784.
46. Bazin H, Platteau B, MacLennan ICM, Johnson GD. B-cell production and differentiation in adult rats. Immunology 1985;54:79-88.
47. Sprent J, Schaefer M, Hurd M, Surh C, Ron Y. Mature murine B and T cells transferred to scid mice can survive indefinitely and many maintain a virgin phenotype. J Exp Med 1991;174:717-728
48. Turner M, Gulbranson Judge A, Quinn ME, Walters AE, MacLennan ICM, Tybulewicz VLJ. The tyrosine kinase Syk is essential for positive but not negative selection of immature B cells (submitted).
49. Gu H, Tarlington D, Müller W, Rajewsky K, Förster I. Most peripheral B cells in mice are ligand selected. J Exp Med 1991;173:1357-1371.
50. Cyster JG, Healy JI, Kishihara K, Mak TW, Thomas ML, Goodnow CC. Regulation of B lymphocyte negative and positive selection by lyrosine phosphatase CD45. Nature 1996;381:325-328.
51. Cyster JG, Hartley SB, Goodnow CC. Competition for follicular niches excludes self-reactive cells from the recirculating B-cell repertoire. Nature 1994;371:389-395.
52. Shokat KM, Goodnow CC. Antigen-induced B cell death and elimination during germinal center immune responses. Nature 1995;375:334-338.
53. Cyster JG, Goodnow CC. Antigen-induced exclusion from follicles and anergy are separate and complementary processes that influence peripheral B cell fate. Immunity 1995;3:691-701.
54. Mason DY, Jones M, Goodnow CC. Development and follicular localisation of tolerant B lymphocytes in lysosome/anti-lysosome IgM/IgD transgenic mice. Int Immunol 1992;4:163-176.
55. Dunnwalters DK, Isaacson PG, Spencer J. Analysis of mutations in immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes of microdissected marginal zone (MGZ) B cells suggests that the MGZ of human spleen is a reservoir of memory B cells. J Exp Med 1995;182:559-566.
56. Gray D. Recruitment of virgin B cells into an immune response is restricted to activation outside follicles. Immunology 1988;65:73-80.
57. Vonderheide RH, Hunt SY. Immigration of thoracic duct B lymphocytes into established germinal centers in the rat. Eur J Immunol 1990;20:79-86.
58. Kosco-Vilbois MH, Szakal AK, Tew JG. In vivo obtained antigen presented by germinal center B cells to T cells in vitro. J Immunol 1988;140:354-360.
59. Coico RF, Bhogal BS, Thorbecke GJ. The relationship of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue to immunologic memory. IV Transfer of B cell memory with lymph node cells fractionated according to their receptors for peanut agglutinin. J Immunol 1983;131:2254-2257.
60. Klaus GGB, Humphrey JH, Kunkle A, Dongworth DW. The follicular dendritic cell: its role in antigen presentation in the generation of immunological memory. Immunol Rev 1980;53:3-28.
61. Tew JG, et al. Germinal centers and antibody production in bone marrow. Immunol Rev 1992;126:99-112.
62. Smith KG, Hewitson TD, Nossal GJV, Tarlinton DM. The phenotype and fate of antibody-forming cells of the splenic foci. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:444-448.
63. Liu Y-J, et al. Within germinal centres, isotype switching of immunoglobulin genes occurs after the onset of somatic mutation. Immunity 1996;4:241-250.
64. Foy TM, Lamman JD, Ledbetter JA, Aruffo A, Classen E, Noelle RJ. GP39-CD40 interactions are essential for germinal center formation and the development of B cell memory. J Exp Med 1994;180:157-163.
65. Kawabe T, et al. The immune-responses in CD40-deficient mice - impaired immunoglobulin class switching and germinal centre formation. Immunity 1994;1:167-178.
66. Ronchese F, Haussman B, Hubele S, Lane PJL. Mice transgenic for a soluble form of murine CTLA-4 show enhanced expansion of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells and defective antibody production in vivo. J Exp Med 1994;179:809-817.
67. Stüber E, Strober W. The T cell-B cell interaction via OX-40-OX40-L is necessary for the T cell-dependent humoral immune response. J Exp Med 1996;183:979-989.
68. Blacklaws BA, et al. Initial lentivirus host interactions within lymph nodes. A study of Maedi-Visna virus infection in sheep. J Virol 1995;69:1400-1407.
69. Siekevitz M, Kocks C, Rajewsky K, Dildrop R. Analysis of somatic mutation and class switching in naive and memory B cells generating adoptive primary and secondary responses. Cell 1987;48:757-770.
70. Wagner SD, Martinelli V, Luzzato L. Similar patterns of Vκ gene usage but different degrees of somatic mutation in hairy-cell leukaemia, prolymphocytic leukaemia, Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia and myeloma. Blood 1994;83:3647-3653.
71. Hanna MG. An autoradiographic study of the germinal center in spleen white pulp during early intervals of the immune response. Lab Invest 1964;13:95-104.
72. Zhang J, MacLennan ICM, Liu Y-J, Lane PJL. Is rapid proliferation in B centroblasts linked to somatic mutation in memory B cell clones? Immunol Lett 1988;18:297-299.
73. Fliedner TM. On the origin of tingible bodies in germinal centres in immune responses. In: Cottier H, ed. Germinal centres in immune responses. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1967:218-224.
74. Hardie DL, Johnson GD, Khan M, MacLennan ICM. Quantitative analysis of molecules which distinguish functional compartments within germinal centers. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:997-1004.
75. Feuillard J, Taylor D, Casamayor-Palleja M, Johnson GD, MacLennan ICM. Isolation and characteristics of tonsil centroblasts with reference to Ig class switching. Int Immunol 1995;7:121-130.
76. Liu Y-J, Joshua DE, Williams GT, Smith CA, Gordon J, MacLennan ICM. Mechanisms of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres. Nature 1989;342:929-931.
77. Holder MJ, et al. Suppression of apoptosis in normal and neoplastic human B lymphocytes by CD40 ligand is independent of bcl-2 induction. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:2368-2371.
78. Armitage RJ, et al. Molecular and biological characterisation of a murine ligand for CD40. Nature 1992;357:80-82.
79. Gray D, Dullforce P, Jainandunsing S. Memory B cell development but not germinal center formation is impaired by in vivo blockade of CD40-CD40 ligand interaction. J Exp Med 1994;180:141-155.
80. Casamayor-Palleja M, Feuillard J, Ball J, Drew M, MacLennan ICM. Centrocytes rapidly adopt a memory B cell phenotype on coculture with autologous germinal center T cell-enriched preparations. Int Immunol 1996;8:737-744.
81. Holder M, Liu Y-J, Defrance T, Flores-Romo L, MacLennan ICM, Gordon J. Growth factor requirements for the stimulation of germinal centre B cells: evidence for an IL2-dependent pathway of development. Int Immunol 1991;3:1243-1251.
82. Banchereau J, Depaoli P, Valle A, Garcia E, Rousset F. Long term human B cell lines dependent on interleukin-4 and antibody to CD40. Science 1991;251:70-72.
83. Arpin C, et al. Generation of memory and plasma cells in vitro. Science 1995;268:720-722.
84. + germinal center B lymphocytes after rescue from apoptosis. Mol Immunol 1995;5:333-339.
85. Yellin MJ, et al. CD40 molecules induce down-modulation and endocytosis of T cell surface T cell B cell activating molecule / CD40L. Potential role in regulating helper effector function. J Immunol 1994;152:598-608.
86. Kepler TB, Perelson AS. Cyclic reentry of germinal center B-cells and the efficiency of affinity maturation. Immunol Today 1993;14:412-415.
87. Brachtel EF, Washiyama M, Johnson GD, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, MacLennan ICM. Differences in the germinal centres of palatine tonsils and lymph nodes. Scand J Immunol 1996;43:239-247.
88. Grammer AC, Bergman MC, Miura Y, Fugita K, Davis LS, Lipsky PE. The CD40 ligand expressed by human B cells costimulates B-cell responses. J Immunol 1995;154:4996-5010.
89. Zheng B, Han S, Zhu Q, Goldsby R, Kelsoe G. Alternative pathways for the selection of antigen-specific peripheral T cells. Nature 1996;384:263-266.
90. Shakhov AN, Wang H, Acha-Orbea H, Pauley RJ, Wei W-Z. A new infectious mouse mammary tumor virus in the milk of mice implanted with C4 hyperplastic alveolar nodules. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:2765-2769.
91. Held W, et al. An exogenous mouse mammary-tumor virus with properties of mls-1a(mtv-7). J Exp Med 1992;175:1623-1633.
92. McCormack JE, Kappler J, Marrack P. Stimulation with specific antigen can block superantigen-mediated deletion of T cells in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:2086-2090.
93. Gulbranson-Judge A, Casamayor-Palleja M, MacLennan ICM. Mutually-dependent T and B cell responses in germinal centres. Ann NY Acad Sci 1997 (in press).
94. Cochet M, Pannetier C, Regnault A, Darche S, Leclerc C, Kourlisky P. Molecular detection and in vivo analysis of the specific T cell response to a protein antigen. Eur J Immunol 1992;22:2639-2647.
95. Ahmed R, Gray D. Immunological memory and protective immunity: Understanding their relation. Science 1996;272:54-60.