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Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, Kiselev P, Scott G, O'Sullivan MJ, VanDyke R, Bey M, Shearer W, Jacobson RL et al. for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trail Group Protocol 076 Study Group: Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:1173-1180.
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Identification of levels of maternal HIV-1 RNA associated with risk of perinatal transmission: Effect of maternal zidovudine treatment on viral load
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Dickover RE, Garratty EM, Herman SA, Sim MS, Plaeger S, Boyer PJ, Keller M, Deveikis A, Stiehm R, Bryson Y: Identification of levels of maternal HIV-1 RNA associated with risk of perinatal transmission: effect of maternal zidovudine treatment on viral load. JAMA 1996, 275:599-605.
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Boyer, P.J.6
Keller, M.7
Deveikis, A.8
Stiehm, R.9
Bryson, Y.10
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5
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13344293692
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Maternal plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA level: A determinant and projected threshold for mother-to-child transmission
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Fang G, Burger H, Grimson R, Tropper P, Nachman S, Mayers D, Weislow O, Moore R, Reyelt C, Hutcheon N et al.: Maternal plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA level: a determinant and projected threshold for mother-to-child transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995, 92:12100-12104.
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Weislow, O.7
Moore, R.8
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Hutcheon, N.10
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6
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10544245018
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Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant
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Sperling RS, Shapiro DE, Coombs RW, Todd JA, Herman SA, McSherry G, O'Sullivan MJ, Van Dyke RB, Jimenez E, Rouzioux C et al.: Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. N Engl J Med 1996, 335:1621-1629. This analysis of plasma viral RNA data from the successful zidovudine clinical trial ACTG 076 provides critical and informative data on the general correlation of maternal viral load with the risk of perinatal transmission, but also demonstrates that transmission can occur at all levels (including non-detectable levels). The study also demonstrated that viral load reduction only partly explained the effect of the zidovudine intervention, and that zidovudine was protective at all levels of maternal plasma RNA.
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Sperling, R.S.1
Shapiro, D.E.2
Coombs, R.W.3
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Herman, S.A.5
McSherry, G.6
O'Sullivan, M.J.7
Van Dyke, R.B.8
Jimenez, E.9
Rouzioux, C.10
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7
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16944366011
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Maternal virus load during pregnancy and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: The French perinatal cohort studies
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Mayaux MJ, Dussaix E, Isopet J, Rekacewicz C, Mandelbort L, Ciraru-Vigneron N, Allemon MC, Chambrin V, Katlama C, Delfraissy JF, Puel J for the SEROGEST Cohort Group: Maternal virus load during pregnancy and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: the French perinatal cohort studies. J Infect Dis 1997, 175:172-175.
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Mayaux, M.J.1
Dussaix, E.2
Isopet, J.3
Rekacewicz, C.4
Mandelbort, L.5
Ciraru-Vigneron, N.6
Allemon, M.C.7
Chambrin, V.8
Katlama, C.9
Delfraissy, J.F.10
Puel, J.11
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8
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16944362073
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Maternal HIV-1 viral load and vertical transmission of infection: The Ariel Project for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to infant
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Cao Y, Krogstad P, Korber BT, Koup RA, Muldoon M, Macren C, Song JL, Jin Z, Zhao JQ, Clapp S et al, and the Ariel Project Investigators: Maternal HIV-1 viral load and vertical transmission of infection: the Ariel Project for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to infant. Nat Med 1997, 3:549-552.
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Cao, Y.1
Krogstad, P.2
Korber, B.T.3
Koup, R.A.4
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Macren, C.6
Song, J.L.7
Jin, Z.8
Zhao, J.Q.9
Clapp, S.10
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9
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8044258355
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The effect of maternal viral load on the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV-1
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Thea DM, Steketee RW, Pliner V, Bornschlegel K, Brown T, Orloff S, Matheson PB, Abrams EJ, Bamji M, Lamber G et al. and the New York City Perinatal HIV Transmission Collaborative Study Group: The effect of maternal viral load on the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV-1. AIDS 1997, 11:437-444. This paper confirms a general association of increased maternal viral load with the risk of mother-to-infant transmission, and also suggests that women with the highest CD4 counts might benefit most from zidovudine use for the prevention of HIV transmission.
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AIDS
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Thea, D.M.1
Steketee, R.W.2
Pliner, V.3
Bornschlegel, K.4
Brown, T.5
Orloff, S.6
Matheson, P.B.7
Abrams, E.J.8
Bamji, M.9
Lamber, G.10
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10
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0029897805
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Maternal HIV-1 RNA serum levels at delivery and vertical transmission in Uganda
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Jackson JB, Horn D, Piwowar E, Ndugwa C, Kataaha P, Marum L, Guay L, Parsons J, Olness K, Mmiro F: Maternal HIV-1 RNA serum levels at delivery and vertical transmission in Uganda. Pediatr AIDS HIV Infect 1996, 7:37-42.
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Pediatr AIDS HIV Infect
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Jackson, J.B.1
Horn, D.2
Piwowar, E.3
Ndugwa, C.4
Kataaha, P.5
Marum, L.6
Guay, L.7
Parsons, J.8
Olness, K.9
Mmiro, F.10
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11
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0030898198
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Influence of other maternal variables on the relationship between maternal virus load and mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
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Burns DN, Landesman S, Wright DJ, Waters D, Mitchell RM, Rubinstein A, Willoughby A, Goedert JJ: Influence of other maternal variables on the relationship between maternal virus load and mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 1997, 175:1206-1210.
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Burns, D.N.1
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Wright, D.J.3
Waters, D.4
Mitchell, R.M.5
Rubinstein, A.6
Willoughby, A.7
Goedert, J.J.8
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12
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2642609105
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Assessment of maternal plasma HIV viral load as a correlate of vertical transmission
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Washington DC; January 23-February 1, LB3
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Burchett SK, Kornegay J, Pitt J, Landsman S, Rosenblatt H, Hillyer G, Garcia P, Kalish L, Burns D, Davenny K, Lew J for the Women and Infants Transmission Study: Assessment of maternal plasma HIV viral load as a correlate of vertical transmission. Proceedings of the Third Conference of Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Washington DC; January 23-February 1, 1996:LB3, p.161.
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Burchett, S.K.1
Kornegay, J.2
Pitt, J.3
Landsman, S.4
Rosenblatt, H.5
Hillyer, G.6
Garcia, P.7
Kalish, L.8
Burns, D.9
Davenny, K.10
Lew, J.11
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13
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9844238010
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National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD: March
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Pediatric ACTG Protocol 185 Executive Summary: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD: March 1997.
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Pediatric ACTG Protocol 185 Executive Summary
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14
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0343825583
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High maternal viral load predicts perinatal HIV-1 transmission and early infant progression, Bangkok, Thailand
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[abstract 30]. Washington DC, January 23-February 1
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Schaffer N, Chotpitaryasunondh T, Roongpisssuthipong A, Siriwasin W, Chearskkul S, Youg N, Brown T, Nieburg P, Batter V, Kalish ML, Mastro TD: High maternal viral load predicts perinatal HIV-1 transmission and early infant progression, Bangkok, Thailand. Proceedings of the Third Conference of Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections [abstract 30]. Washington DC, January 23-February 1, 1996 :58.
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Proceedings of the Third Conference of Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
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Schaffer, N.1
Chotpitaryasunondh, T.2
Roongpisssuthipong, A.3
Siriwasin, W.4
Chearskkul, S.5
Youg, N.6
Brown, T.7
Nieburg, P.8
Batter, V.9
Kalish, M.L.10
Mastro, T.D.11
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15
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0030013531
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Obstetrical factors and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to child
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Landesman SH, Kalish LA, Burns DN, Minkoff H, Fox HE, Zorrilla C, Garcia P, Fowler MG, Mofenson L, Tuomala R for the Women and Infants Transmission Study: Obstetrical factors and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to child. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:1617-1623. This paper assessed that membrane rupture of more than 4 h duration was associated with a doubling of the risk of perinatal transmission after adjustment for other cofactors. The data were gathered among a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women before the widespread use of zidovudine for the prevention of perinatal transmission.
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Landesman, S.H.1
Kalish, L.A.2
Burns, D.N.3
Minkoff, H.4
Fox, H.E.5
Zorrilla, C.6
Garcia, P.7
Fowler, M.G.8
Mofenson, L.9
Tuomala, R.10
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16
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0031041229
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Timing of maternal-infant HIV transmission: Associations between intrapartum factors and early polymerase chain reaction results
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Kuhn L, Abrams EJ, Matheson PB, Thomas PA, Lambert G, Bamji M, Greenberg B, Steketee RW, Thea DM and the New York City Perinatal HIV Transmission Collaborative Study Group: Timing of maternal-infant HIV transmission: associations between intrapartum factors and early polymerase chain reaction results. AIDS 1997, 11:429-435.
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Kuhn, L.1
Abrams, E.J.2
Matheson, P.B.3
Thomas, P.A.4
Lambert, G.5
Bamji, M.6
Greenberg, B.7
Steketee, R.W.8
Thea, D.M.9
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17
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0029098025
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The relationship of the duration of ruptured membranes to vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
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Minkoff H, Burns DN, Landesman S, Youchah J, Goedert JJ, Nugent RP, Muenz L, Willoughby A: The relationship of the duration of ruptured membranes to vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995, 173:585-589.
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Minkoff, H.1
Burns, D.N.2
Landesman, S.3
Youchah, J.4
Goedert, J.J.5
Nugent, R.P.6
Muenz, L.7
Willoughby, A.8
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18
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0013480098
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Obstetric factors and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: The French perinatal cohorts
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Mandelbrot L, Mayaux MJ, Bongain A, Berrebi A, Mooudoub-Jenpetit Y, Benifla JL, Ciraru-Vigneron N, Le Chenadec J, Blanche S, Delfraissy JF and the French Pediatric HIV Infection Study Group: Obstetric factors and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: the French perinatal cohorts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996, 175:661-667. This large French epidemiological study of 1632 HIV-1-infected mothers and their infants evaluated obstetrical factors in relation to the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Findings were that amniocentesis and amnioscopy, the presence of sexually transmitted diseases, preterm delivery, the premature rupture of membranes, and hemorrhage during labor or bloody amniotic fluid were all associated with an increased risk of perinatal transmission.
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Am J Obstet Gynecol
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Mandelbrot, L.1
Mayaux, M.J.2
Bongain, A.3
Berrebi, A.4
Mooudoub-Jenpetit, Y.5
Benifla, J.L.6
Ciraru-Vigneron, N.7
Le Chenadec, J.8
Blanche, S.9
Delfraissy, J.F.10
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0029951260
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Vertical transmission of HIV-1: Maternal immune status and obstetric factors
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The European Collaborative Study: Vertical transmission of HIV-1: maternal immune status and obstetric factors. AIDS 1996, 10:1675-1681.
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AIDS
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1542534793
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Mode of delivery and gestational age influence perinatal HIV-1 transmission
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Tovo PA, de Martino M, Gabiano C, Galli L, Cappello N, Ruga E, Tulisso S, Vierucci A, Loy A, Zuccotti GV et al. and the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children: Mode of delivery and gestational age influence perinatal HIV-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1996, 11:88-94.
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De Martino, M.2
Gabiano, C.3
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Tulisso, S.7
Vierucci, A.8
Loy, A.9
Zuccotti, G.V.10
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21
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0029906440
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Determinants of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in a cohort from Durban, South Africa
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Bobat R, Hoosen C, Coutsoudis A, Moodley D: Determinants of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in a cohort from Durban, South Africa. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996, 15:1604-1610.
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Detection of maternofetal transfusion by placental alkaline phosphatase levels
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Kaneda T, Shiraki K, Hirano K, Nagata I: Detection of maternofetal transfusion by placental alkaline phosphatase levels. J Pediatr 1997, 130:730-735.
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Acute chorioamnionitis and duration of membrane rupture correlates with vertical transmission of HIV-1
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[abstract 504]. January Washington DC
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Popeck EJ, Korber BT, Merritt L, Bardenguez A, Luzuriaga K, Van Dyke RB for the Ariel Project Cohort Research Group: Acute chorioamnionitis and duration of membrane rupture correlates with vertical transmission of HIV-1. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections [abstract 504]. January 1997; Washington DC:158.
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Korber, B.T.2
Merritt, L.3
Bardenguez, A.4
Luzuriaga, K.5
Van Dyke, R.B.6
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24
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0027263263
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Risk for perinatal HIV-1 transmission according to maternal immunologic, virologic and placental factors
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St Louis ME, Kamenga M, Brown C, Nelson AM, Manzila T, Batter V, Behets F, Kabagago U, Ryder RW, Oxtoby M et al.: Risk for perinatal HIV-1 transmission according to maternal immunologic, virologic and placental factors. JAMA 1993, 269:2853-2859.
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Behets, F.7
Kabagago, U.8
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25
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0029827626
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Significance of placental damage in vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
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Burton GJ, O'Shea S, Rostron T, Mullen JE, Aiyer S, Skepper JN, Smith R, Banatvala JE: Significance of placental damage in vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. J Med Virol 1996, 50:237-243.
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Smith, R.7
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Estiminating the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a breast-feeding population in Kinshasa, Zaire
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Bertolli J, St Louis ME, Simonds RJ, Nieburg P, Kamenga M, Brown C, Tarande M, Quinn T, Ou CY: Estiminating the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a breast-feeding population in Kinshasa, Zaire. J. Infect Dis 1996, 174:722-726. The proportion of perinatal HIV infection occurring during the in-utero, intrapartum/early postpartum, and late postnatal period was estimated on the basis of the timing of the first positive PCR, culture or serology among 69 infected infants from Kinshasa, Zaire. The authors estimate that 23% were infected in utero, 65% during the intrapartum/early postpartum period, and only 12% during the late postpartum period from breast feeding.
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J. Infect Dis
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Brown, C.6
Tarande, M.7
Quinn, T.8
Ou, C.Y.9
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Late postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Ekpini ER, Wiktor SZ, Satten FA, Adjorlolo-Johnson GT, Sibailly TS, Ou CY, Karon JM, Brattegaard K, Whitaker JP, Gnaore E et al.: Late postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Lancet 1997, 349:1054-1059.
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Ou, C.Y.6
Karon, J.M.7
Brattegaard, K.8
Whitaker, J.P.9
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0028862260
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells in breast milk: Association with immunosuppression and vitamin A deficiency
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Nduati RW, John GC, Richardson BA, Overbaugh J, Welch M, Ndinya-Achola J, Moses S, Holmes K, Onyango F, Kreiss JK: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells in breast milk: association with immunosuppression and vitamin A deficiency. J Infect Dis 1995, 172:1461-1468.
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Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA and p24 antigen in breast milk of HIV-1-infected Ugandan women and vertical transmission
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Guay LA, Hom DL, Mmiro F, Piwowar ES, Kabengera S, Parsons J, Ndugwa C, Marum L, Olness K, Kataaha P, Jackson JB: Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA and p24 antigen in breast milk of HIV-1-infected Ugandan women and vertical transmission. Pediatrics 1996, 98:438-444. In a perinatal cohort study from Uganda, the duration of breast feeding was not significantly different between women who transmitted HIV to their infants and those who did not, and no correlation was found between the detection of HIV-1 in breast milk, on the basis of DNA PCR or immune complex dissociated p24 antigen.
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Marum, L.8
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Kataaha, P.10
Jackson, J.B.11
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Estimated timing of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission by use of a Markov model
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Rouzioux C, Costaglioloa D, Burgard M: Estimated timing of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission by use of a Markov model. Am J Epidemiol 1995, 142:1330-1337.
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Mandelbrot L, Brossard Y, Aubin JT, Bignozzi C, Krivine A, Simon F, Dommergues M: Testing for in utero human immunodeficiency virus infection with fetal blood sampling. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996, 175:489-493.
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Defining the time of fetal or perinatal acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the basis of age at first positive culture
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Kalish L, Pitt J, Lew J, Landesman S, Diaz, C, Hershow R, Hollinger FB, Pagano M, Smeriglio V, Moye J for the Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS): Defining the time of fetal or perinatal acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the basis of age at first positive culture. J Infect Dis 1997, 175:712-715.
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The sensitivity of HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction in the neonatal period and the relative contributions of intra-uterine and intra-partum transmission
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Dunn DT, Brandt CD, Krivine K, Cassol SA, Roques P, Borkowsy W, De Rossi A, Denamur E, Ehrnst A, Loveday C et al.: The sensitivity of HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction in the neonatal period and the relative contributions of intra-uterine and intra-partum transmission. AIDS 1995, 9:F7-F11.
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(1995)
AIDS
, vol.9
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Dunn, D.T.1
Brandt, C.D.2
Krivine, K.3
Cassol, S.A.4
Roques, P.5
Borkowsy, W.6
De Rossi, A.7
Denamur, E.8
Ehrnst, A.9
Loveday, C.10
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