메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 145, Issue 2 I, 1997, Pages 309-321

Pharmacological activities of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF): Preclinical development and application to the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; GLIAL CELL LINE DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; METHAMPHETAMINE; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIN 3; NEUROTROPHIN 4; NEUROTROPIN;

EID: 0030837593     PISSN: 00144886     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1997.6501     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (53)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0001792038 scopus 로고
    • Degenerative diseases of the nervous system
    • (R. D. Adams, Ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York
    • Adams, R. D., and M. Victor. 1993. Degenerative diseases of the nervous system. In Principles of Neurology (R. D. Adams, Ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.
    • (1993) Principles of Neurology
    • Adams, R.D.1    Victor, M.2
  • 2
    • 0343263686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RET receptor tyrosine kinase immunoreactivity is altered in GDNF-responsive neurons following lesions of the nigrostriatal and septohippocampal pathways
    • in press
    • Araujo, D. M., D. C. Hilt, P. J. Miller, D. Wen, S. Jiao, and P. A. Lapchak. 1997. RET receptor tyrosine kinase immunoreactivity is altered in GDNF-responsive neurons following lesions of the nigrostriatal and septohippocampal pathways. Neurosci., in press.
    • (1997) Neurosci.
    • Araujo, D.M.1    Hilt, D.C.2    Miller, P.J.3    Wen, D.4    Jiao, S.5    Lapchak, P.A.6
  • 3
    • 0029584686 scopus 로고
    • GDNF prevents degeneration and promotes the phenotype of brain noradrenergic neurons in vivo
    • Arenas, E., M. Trupp, P. Akerud, and C. F. Ibanez. 1995. GDNF prevents degeneration and promotes the phenotype of brain noradrenergic neurons in vivo. Neuron 15: 1465-1473.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.15 , pp. 1465-1473
    • Arenas, E.1    Trupp, M.2    Akerud, P.3    Ibanez, C.F.4
  • 4
    • 0029620781 scopus 로고
    • GDNF mRNA expression in normal postnatal development, aging and in weaver mutant mice
    • Blum, M., and C. S. Weickert. 1995. GDNF mRNA expression in normal postnatal development, aging and in weaver mutant mice. Neurobiol. Aging 16: 925-929.
    • (1995) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.16 , pp. 925-929
    • Blum, M.1    Weickert, C.S.2
  • 5
    • 0029053195 scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor supports survival of injured midbrain dopaminergic neurons
    • Bowenkamp, K. E., A. F. Hoffman, G. A. Gerhardt, M. A. Henry, P. T. Biddle, and B. J. Hoffer. 1995. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor supports survival of injured midbrain dopaminergic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 355: 479-489.
    • (1995) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.355 , pp. 479-489
    • Bowenkamp, K.E.1    Hoffman, A.F.2    Gerhardt, G.A.3    Henry, M.A.4    Biddle, P.T.5    Hoffer, B.J.6
  • 8
    • 0029852888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GDNF selectively protects dopamine neurons over serotonin neurons against the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine
    • Cass, W. A. 1996. GDNF selectively protects dopamine neurons over serotonin neurons against the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine. J. Neurosci. 16: 8132-8139.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 8132-8139
    • Cass, W.A.1
  • 9
    • 0001961620 scopus 로고
    • Trophic mechanisms mediating functional recovery following intrastriatal implantation
    • (S. B. Dunnett and A. Bjorklund, Eds.), Raven Press, New York
    • Gash, D. M., F. Bresjanac, F. Junn, and Z. Zhang. 1994. Trophic mechanisms mediating functional recovery following intrastriatal implantation. In Functional Neuroal Transplantation (S. B. Dunnett and A. Bjorklund, Eds.), pp. 139-156. Raven Press, New York.
    • (1994) Functional Neuroal Transplantation , pp. 139-156
    • Gash, D.M.1    Bresjanac, F.2    Junn, F.3    Zhang, Z.4
  • 12
    • 0026712160 scopus 로고
    • Midbrain dopaminergic cell loss in Parkinson's disease and MPTP-induced parkinsonism: Sparing of calbindin-D28k-containing cells
    • German, D. C., K. F. Manaye, P. K. Sonsalla, and B. A. Brooks. 1992. Midbrain dopaminergic cell loss in Parkinson's disease and MPTP-induced parkinsonism: Sparing of calbindin-D28k-containing cells. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 648: 42-62.
    • (1992) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.648 , pp. 42-62
    • German, D.C.1    Manaye, K.F.2    Sonsalla, P.K.3    Brooks, B.A.4
  • 13
    • 0027383681 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that neuropeptide Y and dopamine in the perifornical hypothalamus interact antagonistically in the control of food intake
    • Gillard, E. R., D. Q. Dang, and B. G. Stanley. 1993. Evidence that neuropeptide Y and dopamine in the perifornical hypothalamus interact antagonistically in the control of food intake. Brain Res. 628: 128-136.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.628 , pp. 128-136
    • Gillard, E.R.1    Dang, D.Q.2    Stanley, B.G.3
  • 15
    • 0030438456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional effects of GDNF in normal rat striatum: Presynaptic studies using in vivo electrochemistry and microdialysis
    • Hebert, M. A., C. G. van Home, B. J. Hoffer, and G. A. Gerhardt. 1996. Functional effects of GDNF in normal rat striatum: Presynaptic studies using in vivo electrochemistry and microdialysis. JPET 279: 1181-1190.
    • (1996) JPET , vol.279 , pp. 1181-1190
    • Hebert, M.A.1    Van Home, C.G.2    Hoffer, B.J.3    Gerhardt, G.A.4
  • 16
    • 0001897068 scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic factors: What are they and what are they doing?
    • (S. E. Loughlin and J. H. Fallon, Eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • Hefti, F., T. L. Denton, B. Knusel, and P. A. Lapchak. 1994. Neurotrophic Factors: What are they and what are they doing? In Neurotrophic Factors (S. E. Loughlin and J. H. Fallon, Eds.), pp. 25-49. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1994) Neurotrophic Factors , pp. 25-49
    • Hefti, F.1    Denton, T.L.2    Knusel, B.3    Lapchak, P.A.4
  • 17
    • 0029964643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of neurotrophic factors in neuronal development
    • Henderson, C. E. 1996. Role of neurotrophic factors in neuronal development. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6: 64-70.
    • (1996) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.6 , pp. 64-70
    • Henderson, C.E.1
  • 18
    • 0028077881 scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophin signalling
    • Heumann, R. 1994. Neurotrophin signalling. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4: 668-679.
    • (1994) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.4 , pp. 668-679
    • Heumann, R.1
  • 19
    • 0028109526 scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reversed toxin-induced injury to midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo
    • Hoffer, B. J., A. Hoffman, and K. Bowenkamp. 1994. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reversed toxin-induced injury to midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Neurosci. Lett. 182: 107-111.
    • (1994) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.182 , pp. 107-111
    • Hoffer, B.J.1    Hoffman, A.2    Bowenkamp, K.3
  • 20
    • 0023263919 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical pathophysiology in Parkinson's disease
    • Hornykiewicz, O., and S. J. Fish. 1986. Biochemical pathophysiology in Parkinson's disease. Adv. Neurol. 45: 19-34.
    • (1986) Adv. Neurol. , vol.45 , pp. 19-34
    • Hornykiewicz, O.1    Fish, S.J.2
  • 21
    • 0030031116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor exerts neurotrophic effects on dopaminergic neurons in vitro and promotes their survival and regrowth after damage by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
    • Hou, J. G. G., L. F. H. Lin, and C. Mytilineou. 1996. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor exerts neurotrophic effects on dopaminergic neurons in vitro and promotes their survival and regrowth after damage by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. J. Neurochem. 66: 74-82.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.66 , pp. 74-82
    • Hou, J.G.G.1    Lin, L.F.H.2    Mytilineou, C.3
  • 23
    • 0028302831 scopus 로고
    • Neurons of the hippocampal formation express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA in response to kainate-induced excitation
    • Humpel, C., B. Hoffer, I. Stromberg, S. Bektesh, F. Collins, and L. Olson. 1994. Neurons of the hippocampal formation express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA in response to kainate-induced excitation. Neuroscience 59: 791-795.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.59 , pp. 791-795
    • Humpel, C.1    Hoffer, B.2    Stromberg, I.3    Bektesh, S.4    Collins, F.5    Olson, L.6
  • 24
    • 0030595815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 125I-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor to the rat CNS following osmotic blood-brain barrier modification
    • 125I-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor to the rat CNS following osmotic blood-brain barrier modification. Neurosci. Lett. 220: 187-190.
    • (1996) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.220 , pp. 187-190
    • Jiao, S.1    Miller, P.J.2    Lapchak, P.A.3
  • 25
    • 0025751604 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine transmission in the initiation and expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity
    • Kalivas, P. W., and J. Stewart. 1991. Dopamine transmission in the initiation and expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity. Brain Res. Rev. 16: 223-244.
    • (1991) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.16 , pp. 223-244
    • Kalivas, P.W.1    Stewart, J.2
  • 26
    • 0028874203 scopus 로고
    • GDNF protects nigral dopamine neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine in vivo
    • Kearns, C. M., and D. M. Gash. 1995. GDNF protects nigral dopamine neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine in vivo. Brain Res. 672: 101-111.
    • (1995) Brain Res. , vol.672 , pp. 101-111
    • Kearns, C.M.1    Gash, D.M.2
  • 27
    • 0029414744 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal transplantation and neurotrophic factors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease - Update February 1995
    • Kupsch, A., W. H. Oertel, C. D. Earl, and J. Sauter. 1995. Neuronal transplantation and neurotrophic factors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease - Update February 1995. J. Neural Transm. 46: 193-207.
    • (1995) J. Neural Transm. , vol.46 , pp. 193-207
    • Kupsch, A.1    Oertel, W.H.2    Earl, C.D.3    Sauter, J.4
  • 28
    • 0025906904 scopus 로고
    • Oral levodopa dose-response study in MPTP-induced hemiparkinsonian monkeys: Assessment with a new rating scale for monkey parkinsonism
    • Kurlan, R., M. H. Kim, and D. M. Gash. 1991. Oral levodopa dose-response study in MPTP-induced hemiparkinsonian monkeys: Assessment with a new rating scale for monkey parkinsonism. Movement Disorders 6: 111-118.
    • (1991) Movement Disorders , vol.6 , pp. 111-118
    • Kurlan, R.1    Kim, M.H.2    Gash, D.M.3
  • 29
    • 0021337873 scopus 로고
    • Selective nigral toxicity after systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the squirrel monkey
    • Langston, J. W., L. S. Forno, C. S. Rebert, and I. Irwin. 1984. Selective nigral toxicity after systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the squirrel monkey. Brain Res. 292: 390-394.
    • (1984) Brain Res. , vol.292 , pp. 390-394
    • Langston, J.W.1    Forno, L.S.2    Rebert, C.S.3    Irwin, I.4
  • 31
    • 0029804160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: Implications for GDNF as a therapeutic molecule to treat neurodegenerative diseases
    • Lapchak, P. A., S. S. Jiao, P. J. Miller, L. R. Williams, V. Cummins, G. Inouye, C. R. Matheson, and Q. Yan. 1996. Pharmacological characterization of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: Implications for GDNF as a therapeutic molecule to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Tissue Res. 286: 179-189.
    • (1996) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.286 , pp. 179-189
    • Lapchak, P.A.1    Jiao, S.S.2    Miller, P.J.3    Williams, L.R.4    Cummins, V.5    Inouye, G.6    Matheson, C.R.7    Yan, Q.8
  • 32
    • 0031041936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: Distribution and pharmacology in the rat following a bolus intraventricular injection
    • Lapchak, P. A., S. Jiao, F. Collins, and P. J. Miller. 1997. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: Distribution and pharmacology in the rat following a bolus intraventricular injection. Brain Res., 747: 92-102.
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.747 , pp. 92-102
    • Lapchak, P.A.1    Jiao, S.2    Collins, F.3    Miller, P.J.4
  • 33
    • 0030950227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates behavioral deficits and regulates nigrostriatal dopaminergic and peptidergic markers in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats: Comparison of intraventricular and intranigral delivery
    • in press
    • Lapchak, P. A., P. J. Miller, F, Collins, and S. Jiao. 1997. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates behavioral deficits and regulates nigrostriatal dopaminergic and peptidergic markers in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats: Comparison of intraventricular and intranigral delivery. Neuroscience in press.
    • (1997) Neuroscience
    • Lapchak, P.A.1    Miller, P.J.2    Collins, F.3    Jiao, S.4
  • 34
    • 0029860408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potentials for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) based upon pharmacological activities in the CNS
    • Lapchak, P. A. 1996. Therapeutic potentials for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) based upon pharmacological activities in the CNS. Rev. Neurosci. 7: 165-176.
    • (1996) Rev. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 165-176
    • Lapchak, P.A.1
  • 35
    • 0031550611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces the dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotype and increases locomotor activity in aged Fischer 344 rats
    • Lapchak, P. A., P. J. Miller, and S. Jiao. 1997. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces the dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotype and increases locomotor activity in aged Fischer 344 rats. Neuroscience, 77: 745-52.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 745-752
    • Lapchak, P.A.1    Miller, P.J.2    Jiao, S.3
  • 37
    • 0025695511 scopus 로고
    • The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system assessed in vivo by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers and in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Leenders, K. L., E. P. Salmon, P. Tyrrell, D. Perani, D. J. Brooks, H. Sager, T. Jones, D. Marsden, and R. S. J. Franchowiak. 1993. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system assessed in vivo by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers and in patients with Parkinson's disease. Arch. Neurol. 47: 1290-1298.
    • (1993) Arch. Neurol. , vol.47 , pp. 1290-1298
    • Leenders, K.L.1    Salmon, E.P.2    Tyrrell, P.3    Perani, D.4    Brooks, D.J.5    Sager, H.6    Jones, T.7    Marsden, D.8    Franchowiak, R.S.J.9
  • 38
    • 0027285510 scopus 로고
    • GDNF: A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons
    • Lin, L-F., D. H. Doherty, J. D. Lile, S. Bektesh, and F. Collins. 1993. GDNF: A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Science 260: 1130-1132.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 1130-1132
    • Lin, L.-F.1    Doherty, D.H.2    Lile, J.D.3    Bektesh, S.4    Collins, F.5
  • 39
    • 0028059301 scopus 로고
    • Purification and initial characterization of rat B49 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
    • Lin, L-F., T. J. Zhangh, F. Collins, and L. G. Armes. 1994. Purification and initial characterization of rat B49 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. J. Neurochem. 63: 758-768.
    • (1994) J. Neurochem. , vol.63 , pp. 758-768
    • Lin, L.-F.1    Zhangh, T.J.2    Collins, F.3    Armes, L.G.4
  • 41
    • 0017275668 scopus 로고
    • "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Marsden, C. D., and J. D. Parkes. 1976. "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1: 292-296.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 292-296
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2
  • 42
    • 0001925175 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease - Clinical aspects
    • (C. D. Marsden and S. Fahn, Eds.), Butterworths Scientific, London
    • Marsden, C. D., J. D. Parkes, and N. Quinn. 1982. Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease - Clinical aspects. In Movement Disorders (C. D. Marsden and S. Fahn, Eds.), pp. 96-122. Butterworths Scientific, London.
    • (1982) Movement Disorders , pp. 96-122
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2    Quinn, N.3
  • 43
    • 0029934782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: The lateral cerebral ventricle is an effective site of administration for stimulation of the nigrostriatal system
    • Martin, D., G. Miller, N. Fischer, D. Dix, and T. Cullen. 1996. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: The lateral cerebral ventricle is an effective site of administration for stimulation of the nigrostriatal system. Eur. J. Neurosci. 8: 1249-1255.
    • (1996) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 1249-1255
    • Martin, D.1    Miller, G.2    Fischer, N.3    Dix, D.4    Cullen, T.5
  • 44
    • 0343263679 scopus 로고
    • Central administration of GDNF causes augmentation of dopaminergic activity in vivo
    • Miller, G., D. Martin, and T. Cullen. 1994. Central administration of GDNF causes augmentation of dopaminergic activity in vivo. Soc Neurosci. Abstr. 20: 1300.
    • (1994) Soc Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.20 , pp. 1300
    • Miller, G.1    Martin, D.2    Cullen, T.3
  • 47
    • 0029552094 scopus 로고
    • GDNF protects against 6-OHDA nigrostriatal lesions: In vivo study with microdialysis and PET
    • Opacka-Juffry, J., S. Ashworth, S. P. Hume, D. Martin, Brooks, and S. B. Blunt. 1995. GDNF protects against 6-OHDA nigrostriatal lesions: In vivo study with microdialysis and PET. Neuroreport 7: 348-352.
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 348-352
    • Opacka-Juffry, J.1    Ashworth, S.2    Hume, S.P.3    Martin, D.4    Brooks5    Blunt, S.B.6
  • 48
    • 0026058318 scopus 로고
    • Cell death during development of the nervous system
    • Oppenheim, R. W. 1991. Cell death during development of the nervous system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 14: 453-501.
    • (1991) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 453-501
    • Oppenheim, R.W.1
  • 49
    • 0025288459 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal basis of the parkinsonian resting tremor: A hypothesis and its implications for treatment
    • Pare, D., R. Curro'Dossi, and M. Steriade. 1990. Neuronal basis of the parkinsonian resting tremor: A hypothesis and its implications for treatment. Neuroscience 35: 217-226.
    • (1990) Neuroscience , vol.35 , pp. 217-226
    • Pare, D.1    Curro'Dossi, R.2    Steriade, M.3
  • 50
    • 0003360261 scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders
    • (M. V. Johnston, R. I. MacDonald, and A. B. Young, Eds.). F. A. Davis, Philadelphia
    • Penney, J. B. and A. B. Young. 1992. Movement disorders. In Principles of Drug Therapy in Neurology (M. V. Johnston, R. I. MacDonald, and A. B. Young, Eds.). F. A. Davis, Philadelphia.
    • (1992) Principles of Drug Therapy in Neurology
    • Penney, J.B.1    Young, A.B.2
  • 51
    • 0029047329 scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor but not transforming growth factor β3 prevents delayed degeneration of nigral neurons following striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions
    • Sauer, H., C. Rosenblad, and A. Bjorklund. 1995. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor but not transforming growth factor β3 prevents delayed degeneration of nigral neurons following striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 8935-8939.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 8935-8939
    • Sauer, H.1    Rosenblad, C.2    Bjorklund, A.3
  • 52
    • 0027730253 scopus 로고
    • Regional and cell-specific expression of GDNF in rat brain
    • Scharr, D. G., B. A. Sieber, C. F. Dreyfus, and I. Black. 1993. Regional and cell-specific expression of GDNF in rat brain. Exp. Neurol. 124: 368-371.
    • (1993) Exp. Neurol. , vol.124 , pp. 368-371
    • Scharr, D.G.1    Sieber, B.A.2    Dreyfus, C.F.3    Black, I.4
  • 53
    • 0028096652 scopus 로고
    • Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA upregulation in striatum and cortical areas after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats
    • Schmidt-Kastner, R., A. Tomac, B. Hoffer, S. Bektesh, B. Rosenzweig, and L. Olson. 1994. Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA upregulation in striatum and cortical areas after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. Mol. Brain Res. 26: 325-330.
    • (1994) Mol. Brain Res. , vol.26 , pp. 325-330
    • Schmidt-Kastner, R.1    Tomac, A.2    Hoffer, B.3    Bektesh, S.4    Rosenzweig, B.5    Olson, L.6
  • 54
    • 0029963121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrastriatal injections GDNF attenuates the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine
    • Shults, C. W., T. Kimber, and D. Martin. 1996. Intrastriatal injections GDNF attenuates the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine. Neuroreport 7: 627-631.
    • (1996) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 627-631
    • Shults, C.W.1    Kimber, T.2    Martin, D.3
  • 55
    • 0027492362 scopus 로고
    • Developing a stable bilateral model of Parkinsonism in rhesus monkey
    • Smith, R. D., Z. Zhang, R. Kurlan, M. McDermott, and D. M. Gash. 1993. Developing a stable bilateral model of Parkinsonism in rhesus monkey. Neuroscience 52: 7-16.
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.52 , pp. 7-16
    • Smith, R.D.1    Zhang, Z.2    Kurlan, R.3    McDermott, M.4    Gash, D.M.5
  • 56
    • 0024419186 scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic molecules
    • Snider, W. D., and E. M. Johnson. 1989. Neurotrophic molecules. Ann. Neurol. 26: 489-506.
    • (1989) Ann. Neurol. , vol.26 , pp. 489-506
    • Snider, W.D.1    Johnson, E.M.2
  • 57
    • 0027731592 scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is expressed in the developing but not adult striatum and stimulates developing dopamine neurons in vivo
    • Stromberg, I., L. Bjorklund, M. Johansson, A. Tomac, F. Collins, L. Olson, B. J. Hoffer, and C. Humpel. 1993. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is expressed in the developing but not adult striatum and stimulates developing dopamine neurons in vivo. Exp. Neurol. 124: 401-412.
    • (1993) Exp. Neurol. , vol.124 , pp. 401-412
    • Stromberg, I.1    Bjorklund, L.2    Johansson, M.3    Tomac, A.4    Collins, F.5    Olson, L.6    Hoffer, B.J.7    Humpel, C.8
  • 58
    • 0028604499 scopus 로고
    • GDNF is expressed in two forms in many tissues outside the CNS
    • Suter-Crazzolara, C., and K. Unsicker. 1994. GDNF is expressed in two forms in many tissues outside the CNS. Neuroreport 5: 2486-2488.
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 2486-2488
    • Suter-Crazzolara, C.1    Unsicker, K.2
  • 59
    • 0025877704 scopus 로고
    • The changing scene of neurotrophic factors
    • Thoenen, H. 1991. The changing scene of neurotrophic factors. Trends Neurosci. 14: 165-170.
    • (1991) Trends Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 165-170
    • Thoenen, H.1
  • 60
    • 0029114190 scopus 로고
    • Retrograde axonal transport of GDNF in the adult nigrostriatal system suggests a trophic role in the adult
    • Tomac, A., J. Widenfalk, L. F. H. Lin, T. Kohno, T. Ebendal, B. J. Hoffer, and L. Olson. 1995. Retrograde axonal transport of GDNF in the adult nigrostriatal system suggests a trophic role in the adult. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 8274-8278.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 8274-8278
    • Tomac, A.1    Widenfalk, J.2    Lin, L.F.H.3    Kohno, T.4    Ebendal, T.5    Hoffer, B.J.6    Olson, L.7
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0026503538 scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine hydroxylase-like (TH) immunoreactivity in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease
    • Torack, R. M. and J. C. Morris. 1992. Tyrosine hydroxylase-like (TH) immunoreactivity in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. J. Neural Transm. 4: 165-171.
    • (1992) J. Neural Transm. , vol.4 , pp. 165-171
    • Torack, R.M.1    Morris, J.C.2
  • 63
    • 0029007011 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral expression and biological activities of GDNF, a new neurotrophic factor for avian and mammalian peripheral neurons
    • Trupp, M., M. Ryden, H. Jornvall, H. Funakoshi, T. Timmusk, E. Arenas, and C. F. Ibanez. 1995. Peripheral expression and biological activities of GDNF, a new neurotrophic factor for avian and mammalian peripheral neurons. J. Cell Biol. 130: 137-148.
    • (1995) J. Cell Biol. , vol.130 , pp. 137-148
    • Trupp, M.1    Ryden, M.2    Jornvall, H.3    Funakoshi, H.4    Timmusk, T.5    Arenas, E.6    Ibanez, C.F.7
  • 64
    • 0029803454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term GDNF treatment provides long-term rescue of lesioned nigral dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
    • Winkler, C., H. Sauer, C. S. Lee, and A. Bjorklund. 1996. Short-term GDNF treatment provides long-term rescue of lesioned nigral dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurosci. 16: 7206-7215.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 7206-7215
    • Winkler, C.1    Sauer, H.2    Lee, C.S.3    Bjorklund, A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.