Pharmacokinetic interactions involving clozapine

British Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 171, Issue AUG., 1997, Pages 109-112

  Taylor, David ^a  

^a SOUTH LONDON AND MAUDSLEY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAFFEINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CIGARETTE SMOKE; CIMETIDINE; CLOZAPINE; CYTOCHROME P450; ERYTHROMYCIN; FLUVOXAMINE; PAROXETINE; PHENYTOIN; RISPERIDONE; SERTRALINE; VALPROIC ACID;

DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; HUMAN; LIVER METABOLISM; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0030797854     PISSN: 00071250     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.171.2.109     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Arranz, M. J., Dawson, E., Shaikh, S., et al (1995) Cytochrome P4502D6 gene type does not determine response to clozapine. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 39, 417-420.
2. Bertilsson, L., Carrillo, J. A., Dahl, M.-L., et al (1994) Clozapine disposition covaries with CYP1A2 activity determined by a caffeine test. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 38, 471-473.
3. _ & Dahl, M.-L. (1996) Polymorphic drug oxidation. Relevance to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs, 5, 200-223.
4. Byerly, M. J. & DeVane, C. L. (1996) Pharmacokinetics of clozapine and risperidone: a review of recent literature. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 16, 177-187.
5. Centorrino, F., Baldessarini, R. J., Kando, J., et al (1994) Serum concentrations of clozapine and its major metabolites: effects of cotreatment with fluoxetine or valproate. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 123-125.
6. _, _, Frankenburg, F. R., et al (1996) Serum levels of clozapine and norclozapine in patients treated with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 820-822.
7. Conney, A. H., Pantuck, E. J., Hsiao, K. C., et al (1976) Enhanced phenacetin metabolism in human subjects fed charcoal-broiled beef. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 20, 633-642.
8. Costello, L. E. & Suppes, T. (1995) A clinically significant interaction between clozapine and valproate. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15, 139-141.
9. Dahl, M.-L., Llerena, A., Bondesson, U., et al (1994) Disposition of clozapine in man: lack of association with debrisoquine and S-mephenytoin hydroxylation polymorphisms. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 37, 71-74.
10. de Leon, J., Wedlund, P., Ehlers, R., et al (1996) Cytochrome p450-2D6 (CYP2D6) genotype: relationship with clozapine and haloperidol metabolism. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 591.
11. Dequardo, J. R. & Roberts, M. (1996) Elevated clozapine levels after fluvoxamine initiation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 840-841.
12. Dumortier, G., Lochu, A., Colen de Melo, P., et al (1996) Elevated clozapine plasma concentrations after fluvoxamine initiation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 738-739.
13. Fischer, V., Vogels, B., Maurer, G., et al (1992) The antipsychotic clozapine is metabolized by the polymorphic human microsomal and recombinant cytochrome P4502D6. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 260, 1355-1360.
14. Flanagan, R. J. (1996) Clozapine. Syva Drug Monitor, 2, 5-8.
15. Funderberg, L. G., Vertrees, J. E., True, J. E., et al (1994) Seizure following addition of erythromycin to clozapine treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1840-1841.
16. Gerson, S., Arce, C. & Meltzer, H. (1994) N-desmethylclozapine: a clozapine metabolite that suppresses haemoporesis. British Journal of Haematology, 86, 555-561.
17. Haring, C., Meise, M., Humpel, C., et al (1989) Dose-related plasma levels of clozapine: influence of smoking behaviour, sex and age. Psychopharmacology, 99, S38-S40.
18. _, Fleischacker, W. W., Schett, P., et al (1990) Influence of patient-related variables on clozapine levels. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1471-1475.
19. _, Neudorfer, C., Schwitzer, J., et al (1994) EEG alterations in patients treated with clozapine in relation to plasma levels. Psychopharmacology, 114, 97-100.
20. Harvey, A. T. & Preskorn, S. H. (1996) Cytochrome P450 enzymes: Interpretation of their interactions with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors: Part I. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 16, 273-285.
21. Hasegawa, M., Gutierrez-Esteinou, R., Way, L., et al (1993) Relationship between clinical efficacy and clozapine concentrations in plasma in schizophrenia: effect of smoking. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 13, 383-390.
22. Heykants, J., Huang, M.-L., Mannens, G., et al (1994) The pharmacokinetics of risperidone in humans: A summary. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55(suppl. 5), 13-17.
23. Jann, M. W., Grimsley, S. R., Gray, E. C., et al (1993) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clozapine. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 24, 161-176.
24. Koponen, H. J., Leinonen, E. & Lepola, U. (1996) Fluvoxamine increases the clozapine serum levels significantly. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 6, 69-71.
25. Koreen, A. R., Lieberman, J. A., Kronig, M., et al (1995) Cross-tapering clozapine and risperidone. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1690.
26. Levy, R. H. (1995) Cytochrome p450 isoenzymes and antiepileptic drug interactions. Epilepsia, 36(suppl. 5), S8-S13.
27. Longo, L. P. & Salzman, C. (1995) Valproic acid effects on serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 650.
28. McCarthy, R. H. (1994) Seizures following smoking cessation in a clozapine responder. Pharmacopsychiatry, 27, 210-211.
29. Miller, D. D. (1991) Effect of phenytoin on plasma clozapine concentrations in two patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52, 23-25.
30. Murray, M. (1992) P450 enzymes - inhibition mechanisms, genetic regulation and effects of liver disease. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 23, 132-146.
31. Nemeroff, C. B., Devane, C. L. & Pollock, B. G. (1996) Newer antidepressants and the cytochrome P450 system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 311-320.
32. Odom-White, A. & de Leon, J. (1996) Clozapine levels and caffeine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57, 175-176.
33. Perry, P. J., Miller, D. D., Arndt, S. V., et al (1991) Clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations and clinical response of treatment refractory schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 231-235.
34. Pirmohamed, M., Williams, D., Madden, S., et al (1995) Metabolism and bioactivation of clozapine by human liver in vitro. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 272, 984-990.
35. Potkin, S. G., Bera, R., Gulasekaram, B., et al (1994) Plasma clozapine concentrations predict clinical response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55(suppl. B), 133-136.
36. Raitasuo, V., Lehtovaara, R. & Huttunen, M. (1996) Carbamazepine and plasma levels of clozapine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 169.
37. Rosenberry, K. R., Defusco, C. J., Mansmann, H. C., et al (1983) Reduced theophylline half-life induced by carbamazepine therapy. Journal of Paediatrics, 102, 472-474.
38. Schein, J. R. (1995) Cigarette smoking and clinically significant drug interactions. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 29, 1139-1148.
39. Simpson, G. M. & Cooper, T. A. (1978) Clozapine plasma levels and convulsions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 99-100.
40. Slaughter, R. L. & Edwards, D. J. (1995) Recent advances: the cytochrome P450 enzymes. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 29, 619-624.
41. Szymanski, S., Lieberman, J. A., Picou, D., et al (1991) A case report of cimetidine-induced clozapine toxicity. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52, 21-22.
42. Taylor, D. & Duncan, D. (1995) The use of clozapine plasma levels in optimising therapy. Psychiatric Bulletin, 19, 753-755.
43. _ & Lader, M. (1996) Cytochromes and psychotropic drug interactions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 529-532.
44. Tyson, S. C., Devane, C. L. & Risch, S. C. (1995) Pharmacokinetic interaction between risperidone and clozapine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1401-1402.
45. Wagstaff, A. J. & Bryson, H. M. (1995) Clozapine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in patients with schizophrenia who are unresponsive to or intolerant of classical antipsychotic agents. CNS Drugs, 4, 370-400.
46. Williams, D., Magge, M., Pirmohamed, M., et al (1995) Bioactivation of clozapine in vitro and in vivo: implications for drug-induced agranulocytosis. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 40, 182P.