The fidelity of misinsertion and mispair extension throughout DNA synthesis exhibited by mutants of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 resistant to nucleoside analogs

European Journal of Biochemistry

Volumn 250, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 106-114

  Taube, Ran ^a   Avidan, Orna ^a   Hizi, Amnon ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

DNA synthesis; Drug resistant mutant; Fidelity; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Reverse transcriptase

Indexed keywords

GLYCINE; MUTANT PROTEIN; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; TYROSINE; VALINE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA SEQUENCE; DNA SYNTHESIS; ENZYME STRUCTURE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 2; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIRUS MUTANT;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 2;

EID: 0030786805     PISSN: 00142956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00106.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Barre-Sinoussi, F., Chermann, J. C., Rey, F., Nugeyre, T., Chamaret, S., Gruest, J., Dauguet, C., Axler-Blin, C., Vezinet-Brun, F., Rouzieoux, C., Rozenbaum, W. & Montagnier, L. (1983) Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Science 220, 868 - 870.
2. Gallo, R. C., Sarin, P. S., Gellman, E. P., Robert-Guroff, M., Richardson, E., Kalyanaraman, V. S., Mann, D., Sidhu, G. D., Stahl, R. E., Zolla-Pazner, S., Leibowitch, J. & Popovic, M. (1983) Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Science 220, 865 - 868.
3. Arts, E. J. & Wainberg, M. A. (1996) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and early events in reverse transcription, Adv. Virus Res. 46, 97 - 163.
4. Goff, S. P. (1990) Retroviral reverse transcriptase: synthesis structure and function, J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 3, 817 - 831.
5. Weiss, R., Teich, N., Varmus, H. & Coffin, J. (1984, 1995) RNA Tumor viruses, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor NY.
6. De Clercq, E. (1993) HIV-1 specific RT inhibitors: highly selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency type 1 that are targeted at the viral reverse transcriptase, Med. Res. Rev. 13, 229 - 258.
7. De Clercq, E. (1995) Antiviral therapy of human immunodeficiency virus infections, Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 8, 200 - 239.
8. Larder, B. A. (1993) Inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase as antiviral agents and drug resistance, in Reverse transcriptase (Skalka, A. M. & Goff, S. P., eds) pp. 163 - 191, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor NY.
9. Arnold, E., Das, K., Ding, J., Yadav, P. N. S., Hsiou, Y., Boyer, P. L. & Hughes, S. H. (1996) Targeting HIV reverse transcriptase for anti-AIDS drug design: structural and biological considerations for chemotherapeutic strategies, Drug Design Discov. 13, 29 - 47.
10. Kohlstaedt, L. A., Wang, J., Friedman, J. M., Rice, P. A. & Steitz, T. A. (1992) Crystal structure at 3.5 Å resolution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed to an inhibitor, Science 256, 1783 - 1790.
11. Tantillo, C., Ding, J., Jacobo-Molina, A., Nanni, R. G., Boyer, P. L., Hughes, S. H., Pauwels, R., Andries, K., Janseen, P. A. J. & Arnold, E. (1994) Locations of anti-AIDS drug binding sites and resistance mutations in the three-dimensional structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: implications for mechanisims of drug inhibition and resistance, J. Mol. Biol. 243, 369 - 387.
12. Hizi, A., Tal, R., Shaharabany, M. Currens, M. J., Boyd, M. R., Hughes, S. H. & MacMahon, J. B. (1993) Specific inhibition of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and the chimeric enzymes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 by nonnucleoside inhibitors, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 1037 - 1042.
13. Shaharabany, M. & Hizi, A. (1992) The catalytic functions of chimeric reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 3674 - 3678.
14. Hizi, A., Tal, R., Shaharabany, M. & Loya, S. (1991) Catalytic properties of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and type 2, J. Biol. Chem. 266, 6230 - 6239.
15. Hizi, A., McGill, C. & Hughes, S. H. (1988) Expression of soluble, enzymatically active, human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase in Excherichia coli and analysis of mutants, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85, 1218 - 1222.
16. Rubinek, T., Loya, S., Shaharabany, M., Hughes, S. H., Clark, P. K. & Hizi, A. (1994) The catalytic properties of the reverse transcriptase of the lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus, Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 977 - 983.
17. Balzarini, J. & De Clercq, E. (1996) Analysis of inhibition of retroviral reverse transcriptase, Methods Enzymol. 275, 472 - 502.
18. Konig, H., Behr, E., Lower, J. & Kurth, R. (1989) Azidothymidine triphosphate is an inhibitor of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase gamma, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33, 2109 - 2114.
19. Chen, M. S., Suttmann, R. T., Papp, E., Cannon, P. D., McRoberts, M. J., Bach, C., Copeland, W. C. & Wang, T. S. F. (1993) Selective action of 4′-azidothymidine triphosphate on reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human DNA polymerase α and β, Biochemistry 32, 6002 - 6010.
20. Jacobo-Molina, A. & Arnold, E. (1991) HIV reverse transcriptase, structure-function relationships, Biochemistry 30, 6351 - 6361.
21. Hizi, A., Tal, R. & Hughes, S. H. (1991) Mutational analysis of DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H activities of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase type 2 expressed in E. coli, Virology 18, 339 - 346.
22. Coffin, J. M. (1995) HIV population dynamics in-vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis and therapy. Science 267, 483 - 489.
23. Nowak, M. (1990) HIV mutation rates, Nature 347, 522 - 522.
24. Preston, B. D. & Dougherty, J. P. (1996) Mechanisms of retroviral mutation, Trends Microbiol. 4, 16 - 21.
25. Williams, K. J. & Loeb, L. A. (1992) Retroviral reverse transcriptases: error frequencies and mutagenesis, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 176, 165 - 180.
26. Bakhanashvili, M. & Hizi, A. (1993) Fidelity of DNA synthesis exhibited in vitro by the reverse transcriptase of the lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus, Biochemistry 32, 7559 - 7567.
27. Bakhanashvili, M. & Hizi, A. (1992) The fidelity of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. FEBS Lett. 306, 151 - 156.
28. Preston, B. D., Poiesz, B. J. & Loeb, L. A. (1988) Fidelity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, Science 242, 1168 - 1171.
29. Roberts, J. D., Bebenek, K. & Kunkel, T. A. (1988) The accurancy of reverse transcriptase from HIV-1, Science 242, 1171 - 1173.
30. Bakhanashvili, M. & Hizi, A. (1992) Fidelity of RNA-dependent DNA synthesis exhibited by reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and of murine leukemia virus: mispair extension frequencies, Biochemistry 31, 9393 - 9398.
31. Ji, J. & Loeb, L. A. (1992) Fidelity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase copying RNA in-vitro, Biochemistry 31, 954 - 958.
32. Yu, H. & Goodman, M F. (1992) Comparison of HIV-1 and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase fidelity on RNA and DNA templates, J. Biol. Chem. 264, 10888 - 10896.
33. Perrino, F. W., Preston, B. D., Sandell, L. L. & Loeb, L. A. (1989) Extension of mismatched 3′ termini of DNA is a major determinant of the infidelity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86, 8343 - 8347.
34. Bakhanashvili, M. & Hizi, A. (1993) The fidelity of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency viruses and murine leukemia virus, exhibited by the mispair extension frequencies, is sequence dependent and enzyme related, FEBS Lett. 319, 201 - 205.
35. Richetti, M. & Buc, H. (1990) Reverse transcriptases and genomic variability: the accuracy of DNA replication is enzyme specific and sequence dependent, EMBO J. 9, 1583 - 1593.
36. Hsiou, Y. Ding, J., Das, K., Clark, A. D., Hughes, S. H. & Arnold, E. (1996) Structure of unliganded HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at 2.7 Å resolution: implications of conformational changes for polymerization and inhibition mechanisms, Structure 4, 853 - 860.
37. Smerdon, S. J., Jager, J., Wang. J., Kohlstaedt, L. A., Chirino, A. J., Friedman, J. M., Rice, P. A. & Steitz, T. A. (1994) Structure of the binding site for nonnucleoside inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 3911 - 3915.
38. Boyer, P. L., Tantillo, C., Jacobo-Molina, A., Nanni, R. G., Ding, J., Arnold, E. & Hughes, S. H. (1994) Sensitivity of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase to dideoxynucleotides depends on template length: the sensitivity of drug-resistant mutants does not, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4882 - 4886.
39. Perach, M., Rubinek, T., Hughes, S. H. & Hizi, A. (1997) Analysis of HIV-2 RT mutants provide evidence that resistance of HIV-1 RT and H1V-2 RT to nucleoside analogs involves a repositioning of the template-primer, J. Mol. Biol. 268, 648 - 654.
40. Wainberg, M. A., Drosopoulos, W. C., Salomon, H., Hsu, M., Borkow, G., Parniak, M. A., Gu, Z., Song, Q., Manne, J., Islam, S., Castriota, G. & Prasad, V. R. (1996) Enhanced fidelity of 3T3selected mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, Science 271, 1282 - 1285.
41. Pandy, V. N., Kaushik, N., Rega, N., Sarafianos, G., Yadav, P. N. S. & Modak, M. J. (1996) Role of methionine 184 of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase in the polymerase function and fidelity of DNA synthesis, Biochemistry 35, 2168 - 2179.
42. Bakhanashvili, M., Avidan, O. & Hizi, A. (1996) Mutational studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase: the involvement of residues 183 and 184 in the fidelity of DNA synthesis, FEBS Lett. 391, 257 - 262.
43. Drosopoulos, W. C. & Prasad, V. R. (1996) Increased polymerase fidelity of E89G, a nucleoside analog-resistant variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, J. Virol. 70, 4834 - 4838.
44. Rubinek, T., Bakhanashvili, M., Taube, R., Avidan, O. & Hizi, A. (1997) The fidelity of 3′ misinsertion and mispair extension during DNA synthesis exhibited by two drug-resistant mutants of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Leu74→Val and Glu89→Gly, Eur. J. Biochem. 247, 238 - 247.
45. Le Grice, S. F. J. & Gruninger-Leitch, F. (1990) Rapid purification of homodimer and heterodimer HIV-1 RT by chelate chromatography, Eur. J. Biohem. 187, 307 - 314.
46. Perach, M., Rubinek, T. & Hizi, A. (1995) Resistance to nucleoside analogs of selective mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 reverse transcriptase, J. Virol. 69, 509 - 512.
47. Bakhanashvili, M. & Hizi, A. (1992) A possible role for cysteine residues in the fidelity of DNA synthesis exhibited by the reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2, FEBS Lett. 304, 289 - 293.
48. Loya, S., Bakhanashvili, M., Tal. R., Hughes, S. H., Boyer, P. L. & Hizi, A. (1994) Enzymatic properties of two mutants of reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (tyrosine 181→isoleucine and tyrosine 188→leucine), resistant to non-nucleoside inhibitors, AIDS Res. Hum. Retrov. 10, 939 - 946.
49. Creighton, S., Bloom, L. B. & Goodman, M. F. (1995) Gel fidelity assay measuring nucleotide misinsertion, exonucleolytic proofreading and lesion bypass efficiencies, Methods Enzymol. 262, 232 - 256.
50. Georgiadis, M. M., Jessen, S. M., Ogta, C. M., Telesnitski, A., Goff, S. P. & Hendrickson, W. A. (1995) Mechanistic implications from the structure of a catalytic fragment of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase, Structure 3, 878 - 892.