Oral contraceptives and thrombotic disease: Risk of venous thromboembolism

Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Volumn 78, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 327-333

  Helmerhorst, F M ^a   Bloemenkamp, K W M ^a   Rosendaal, F R ^a   Vandenbroucke, J P ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 5; DESOGESTREL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; GESTODENE; LEVONORGESTREL; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

BLOOD CLOTTING; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYSIS; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; OBESITY; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK; SCREENING; SMOKING; VARICOSIS; VEIN THROMBOSIS;

EID: 0030757385     PISSN: 03406245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657547     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (58)

1. Jordan WM. Pulmonary embolism. Lancet, 1961; 2:1146-7.
2. Royal College of Practitioners. Oral contraception and thromboembolic disease. J Gen Coll Practit 1967; 13:267-9.
3. Koster T, Small RA, Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism; a quantitative discussion of the uncertainties. J Int Med 1995; 238:31-7.
4. Fuertes de la Haba A, Curet JO, Pelegrina I, Bangdiwala I. Thrombophelibitis among oral and nonoral contraceptive users. Obstet Gynecol 1971; 38:259-63.
5. Grounds M. Anovulants: thrombosis and other associated changes. Med J Aust 1974; 2:440-6.
6. Royal College of Practitioners. Oral contraceptives, venous thrombosis and varicose veins. J Gen Coll Practit 1978; 28:393-9.
7. Diddle AW, Gardner WMH, Williamson PJ, Johnson JR, Hemphill JL, Godwin CW. Oral contraceptive steroids and thrombophlebitis. J Tenn Med Assoc 1978; 71:22-6.
8. Porter JB, Hunter JR, Danielson DA, Jick H, Stergachis A. Oral contraceptives and nonfatal vascular disease-recent experience. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 59:299-302.
9. Porter JB, Hunter JR, Jick H, Stergachis A. Oral contrceptives and nonfatal vascular disease. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66:1-4.
10. Vessey M, Mant D, Smith A, Yeates D. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: findings in a large prospective study. BMJ 1986; 292:526.
11. Sartwell PE, Masi AT, Arthes FG, Greene GR, Smith HE. Thromboembolism and oral contraceptives: an epidemiologic case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1969; 90:365-8.
12. Vessey MP, Doll R. Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. A further report. BMJ 1969; 2:651-7.
13. Greenblatt DJ. A retrospective case-control study of diseases associated with oral contraceptive use. Am Heart J 1975; 89:677-8.
14. Petitti, DB, Wingerd J, Pellegrin F, Ramcharan S. Oral contraceptives, smoking, and Am. J. Epidemiol 1978; 108:480-5.
15. Maguire MG, Tonascia J, Sartwell PE, Stolle PD, Tockman DS. (1979). Increased risk of thrombosis due to oral contraceptives: a further report. Am J Epidemiol 1979; 110:188-95.
16. Helmrich SP, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Strom B, Shapiro S. Venous thromboembolism in relation to oral contraceptive use. Obstet. Gynecol 1987; 69:91-5.
17. WHO Collaborative Study. Cardiovascular disease and use of oral contraceptives. WHO Bulletin OMS 1989; 67:417-23.
18. Vessey MP, Doll R. Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. BMJ 1968; 2: 199-205.
19. Stolley PD, Tonascia JA, Tockman MS, Sartwell PE, Rutledge AH, Jacobs MP. Thrombosis with low-estrogen oral contraceptives. Am. J. Epidemiol 1975; 102:197-208.
20. Katerndahl DA, Realini JP, Cohen PA. Oral contraceptive use and cardiovascular disease: is the relationship real or due to study bias? J Fam Prac 1992; 35:147-57.
21. Inman WHW, Vessey MP, Westerholm B, Engelund A. Thromboembolic disease and the steroidal content of oral contraceptives a report to the committee on safety of drugs. BMJ 1970; 2:203-9.
22. Böttiger LE, Boman G, Eklund G, Westerholm B. Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease: effects of lowering oestrogen content. Lancet 1980; 1:1097-1101.
23. Glass R, Johson B, Vessey M. Accuracy of recall of histories of oral contraceptive use. Br J Prev Soc Med 1974; 28:273-5.
24. Stolley PD, Tonascia JA, Sartwell PE, Tockman MS, Tonascia S, Rutledge A, Schinner R. Agreement rates between oral contraceptive users and presenters in relation to drug use histories. Am J Epidemiol 1978; 107:226-35.
25. Sartwell PE. Oral contraceptives and thromboembolism: a further report. Am J Epidemiol 1971; 94:192-201.
26. Thorogood M, Mann J, Murphy M, Vessey M. Risk factors for fatal venous thromboembolism in young women: a case control study. Int J Epidemiol 1992; 21:48-52.
27. Vandenbroucke JP, Koster T, Briët E, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM, Rosendaal FR. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 1994; 344:1453-57.
28. Farmer RT, Preston TD. The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with low oestrogen oral contraceptives. J Obstet Gyneacol 1995; 15:195-200.
29. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. Lancet 1995; 34:1582-8.
30. Jick H, Jick SS, Gurewich V, Myers MW, Vasilakis C. Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and non-fatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestagen components. Lancet 1995; 346:1589-93.
31. Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM, Büller HR, Vandenbroucke JP. Enhancement by factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing third-generation progestagen. Lancet 1995; 346:1593-6.
32. Vademecum of Health Sciences of the Netherlands. Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics. Ministery of Welfare, Health and Cultural Affairs. Voorburg; 1994.
33. Anderson FA, Wheeler B, Goldberg RJ, Hosmer DW, Patwardam NA, Jovanovic B et al. A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:933-8.
34. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Isselbacher KJ, Braunwald E, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Fauci AS, Kasper DL (eds). 13th ed, New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994, 2033.
35. Kluft C. Oral contraceptives and hemostasis. Gynecol Endocrinol Suppl 1996; 10(S2):49-57.
36. Jespersen J. Plasma resistance to activated protein C: an important link between venous thromboembolism and combined oral contraceptives - a short review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 1996;1:3-11.
37. Bertina RM, Koeleman RPC, Koster T, Rosendaal FR, Dirven RJ, de Ronde H, van der Velden PA, Reitsma PH. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994; 369:64-7.
38. Koster T, Rosendaal FR, de Ronde H, Briët E, Vandenbroucke JP, Bertina RM. Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Leiden Thrombophilia Study. Lancet 1993; 342:1503-6.
39. Tait RC, Walker ID, Perry DJ, Islam SI, Daly ME, McCall F, Conkie JA, Carrel RW. Prevalence of antithrombin deficiency in the healthy population. Br J Haematol 1994; 87:106-12.
40. Tait RC, Walker ID, Reitsma PH, Islam SI, McCall F, Poort SR, Conkie JA, Bertina RM. Prevalence of protein C deficiency in the healthy population. Thrombo Haemostas 1995; 73:87-93.
41. Pabinger I, Schneider B, and the GTH Study Group on Natural Inhibitors. Thrombotic risk of women with heriditary antithrombin III-, protein C- and protein S deficiency taking oral contraceptive medication. Thrombo Haemostas 1994; 71:548-52.
42. Vandenbroucke JP, van der Meer FJM, Helmerhorst FM, Rosendaal FR. Factor V Leiden: should we screen oral contraceptive users and pregnant women? BMJ 1996; 313:1127-30.
43. Helmerhorst FM, Bloemenkamp KWM, Briët E, van der Meer FJM, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP. Factor V Leiden mutation and contraception. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996; 10(S2):85-7.
44. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international multicentre case-control study. Lancet 1995; 346:1575-82.
45. Spitzer WO, Lewis MA, Heinemann LAJ, Thorogood M, MacRae KD, on behalf of Transnational Research Group on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women. Third-generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: an international case-control study. BMJ 1996; 312:83-8.
46. Lewis MA, Heinemann LAJ, MacRae KD, Bruppacher R, Spitzer WO. The increased risk of venous thromboembolism and the use of third generation progestagens: role of bias in observational research. Contraception 1996; 54:5-13.
47. Cramer DW. Safety of combined oral contraceptive pills. Lancet 1996; 347:546.
48. Lidegaard Ø. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: an epidemiological review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 1996; 1:13-20.
49. Herings RMC, de Boer A, Urquhart J, Leufkens HGM. Non-causal explanantions for the increased risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third-generation oral contraceptives. Pharmaepidemiol Drug Saf 1996; 5:S88 (abstract).
50. Lewis MA, Spitzer WO, Heinemann LAJ, MacRae KD, Bruppacher R, Thorogood M. Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of myocardial infarction: an international case-control study. BMJ 1996; 312:88-90.
51. Lidegaard Ø, Edström B. Oral contraceptives and acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study (abstarct). Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 1996; 1:74.
52. Vandenbroucke JP, Bloemenkamp KWM, Helmerhorst FM, Rosendaal FR. Mortality from venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction in young women in the Netherlands. Lancet 1996; 348:401-2.
53. Lidegaard Ø, Milson I. Oral contraceptives and thrombotic diseases: impact of new epidemiologic studies. Contraception 1996; 53:135-9.
54. Thomas SHL. Mortality from venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction in young adults in England and Wales. Lancet 1996; 348:402.
55. Wood AJJ Management of venous thromboembolism. NEJM 1996; 335:1816-28.
56. Johnson BF, Manzo RA, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE Jr. Relationship between changes in the deep venous system and the development of the postthrombotic syndrome after an acute episode of lower limb deep vein thrombosis: a one-to six year follow-up. J Vasc Surg 1995; 21:307-12.
57. Vandenbroucke JP. Epidemiology - Annotation of Esbjerg I Consensus Conference. Gynaecol Endocrinol 1996; 10(S2):5-7.
58. The Consensus Committee. Consensus Development Meeting 1995. Combined oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996; 10:1-5.