메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 419-440

A mechanistic analysis of nondisruptive axonal injury: A review

Author keywords

Axolemmal perturbation; Cytoskeletal change; Delayed axotomy; Diffuse axonal injury; Experimental animals and human studies; Impaired axoplasmic transport; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CALMODULIN; CALPAIN;

EID: 0030752893     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.1997.14.419     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (492)

References (118)
  • 1
    • 0002655565 scopus 로고
    • Head injury
    • J.H. Adams and L.W. Duchen (eds), Edward Arnold: London
    • ADAMS, J.H. (1992). Head injury, in: Greenfield's Neuropathology, 5th edition. J.H. Adams and L.W. Duchen (eds), Edward Arnold: London, pp. 106-152.
    • (1992) Greenfield's Neuropathology, 5th Edition , pp. 106-152
    • Adams, J.H.1
  • 4
    • 0012461649 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-induced degeneration of the cytoskeleton in monkey and human peripheral nerves
    • BADALAMENTE, M.A., HURST, L.C., and STRACHER, A. (1986). Calcium-induced degeneration of the cytoskeleton in monkey and human peripheral nerves. J. Hand Surg. 11, 337-340.
    • (1986) J. Hand Surg. , vol.11 , pp. 337-340
    • Badalamente, M.A.1    Hurst, L.C.2    Stracher, A.3
  • 5
    • 0023837112 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord trauma: In search of the meaning of granular axoplasm and vesicular myelin
    • BALLENTINE, J.D. (1988). Spinal cord trauma: In search of the meaning of granular axoplasm and vesicular myelin. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 47, 77-92.
    • (1988) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.47 , pp. 77-92
    • Ballentine, J.D.1
  • 6
    • 0025313509 scopus 로고
    • Individual microtubules in the axon consist of domains hat differ in both composition and stability
    • BASS, P.W. and BLACK, M.M. (1990). Individual microtubules in the axon consist of domains hat differ in both composition and stability. J. Cell Biol. 111, 495-509.
    • (1990) J. Cell Biol. , vol.111 , pp. 495-509
    • Bass, P.W.1    Black, M.M.2
  • 9
    • 0021908251 scopus 로고
    • Slow posttranslational modification of a neurofilament protein
    • BENNETT, G.S., and DILULLO, C. (1985). Slow posttranslational modification of a neurofilament protein. J. Cell Biol. 100, 1799-1804.
    • (1985) J. Cell Biol. , vol.100 , pp. 1799-1804
    • Bennett, G.S.1    Dilullo, C.2
  • 10
    • 1842346016 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the ultrastructural organization of peripheral myelinated axons in the cat
    • D. Weiss (ed), Springer-Verlag: New York
    • BERTHOLD, C. (1982). Some aspects of the ultrastructural organization of peripheral myelinated axons in the cat, in: Axoplasmic Transport. D. Weiss (ed), Springer-Verlag: New York, pp. 40-54.
    • (1982) Axoplasmic Transport , pp. 40-54
    • Berthold, C.1
  • 11
    • 0022497238 scopus 로고
    • Interval between the synthesis and assembly of cytoskeletal proteins in cultured neurons
    • BLACK, M.M., KEYSER, P., and SOBEL, E. (1986). Interval between the synthesis and assembly of cytoskeletal proteins in cultured neurons. J. Neurosci. 6, 1004-1012.
    • (1986) J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 1004-1012
    • Black, M.M.1    Keyser, P.2    Sobel, E.3
  • 12
    • 0023679101 scopus 로고
    • Calcium transport and buffering in neurons
    • BLAUSTEIN, M.P. (1988). Calcium transport and buffering in neurons. Trends in Neuroscience 11, 438-443.
    • (1988) Trends in Neuroscience , vol.11 , pp. 438-443
    • Blaustein, M.P.1
  • 13
    • 0028001489 scopus 로고
    • Staining of amyloid precursor protein to study axonal damage in mild head injury
    • BLUMBERGS, P.C., SCOTT, G., MANAVIS, J., WAINWRIGHT, H., SIMPSON, D.A., and McLEAN, A.J. (1994). Staining of amyloid precursor protein to study axonal damage in mild head injury. Lancet 344, 1055-1056.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1055-1056
    • Blumbergs, P.C.1    Scott, G.2    Manavis, J.3    Wainwright, H.4    Simpson, D.A.5    McLean, A.J.6
  • 14
    • 0028788059 scopus 로고
    • Topography of axonal injury as defined by amyloid precursor protein and the sector scoring method in mild and severe closed head injury
    • BLUMBERGS, P.C., SCOTT, G., MANAVIS, J., WAINWRIGHT, H., SIMPSON, D.A., and MCLEAN, A.J. (1995). Topography of axonal injury as defined by amyloid precursor protein and the sector scoring method in mild and severe closed head injury. J. Neurotrauma 12, 565-572.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 565-572
    • Blumbergs, P.C.1    Scott, G.2    Manavis, J.3    Wainwright, H.4    Simpson, D.A.5    Mclean, A.J.6
  • 15
    • 0018849841 scopus 로고
    • Large and persistent electrical currents enter transected lamprey spinal cord
    • BORGENS, R.B., JAFFE, L.F., and COHEN, M.J. (1980). Large and persistent electrical currents enter transected lamprey spinal cord. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 1209-1213.
    • (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.77 , pp. 1209-1213
    • Borgens, R.B.1    Jaffe, L.F.2    Cohen, M.J.3
  • 19
    • 0023715247 scopus 로고
    • The effect of traumatic brain injury on the visual system: A morphologic characterization of reactive axonal change
    • CHENG, C.L.Y., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1988). The effect of traumatic brain injury on the visual system: A morphologic characterization of reactive axonal change. J. Neurotrauma 5, 47-60.
    • (1988) J. Neurotrauma , vol.5 , pp. 47-60
    • Cheng, C.L.Y.1    Povlishock, J.T.2
  • 21
    • 0025438055 scopus 로고
    • Altered slow axonal transport and regeneration in a myelin-deficient mutant mouse: The Trembler as an in vivo model for Schwann cell-axon interactions
    • DE WAEGH, S., and BRADY, S.T. (1990). Altered slow axonal transport and regeneration in a myelin-deficient mutant mouse: The Trembler as an in vivo model for Schwann cell-axon interactions. J. Neurosci. 10, 1855-1865.
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1855-1865
    • De Waegh, S.1    Brady, S.T.2
  • 22
    • 0026580004 scopus 로고
    • Local modulation of neurofilament phosphorylation, axonal caliber, and slow axonal transport by myelinating Schwann cells
    • DE WAEGH, S.M., LEE, V. M.-Y., and BRADY, S.T. (1992). Local modulation of neurofilament phosphorylation, axonal caliber, and slow axonal transport by myelinating Schwann cells. Cell 68, 451-463.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.68 , pp. 451-463
    • De Waegh, S.M.1    Lee, V.M.-Y.2    Brady, S.T.3
  • 23
    • 0023686594 scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage in severe traumatic brain injury: An experimental study in cat
    • ERB, D.E., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1988). Axonal damage in severe traumatic brain injury: An experimental study in cat. Acta Neuropathol. 76, 347-358.
    • (1988) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.76 , pp. 347-358
    • Erb, D.E.1    Povlishock, J.T.2
  • 24
    • 0027551713 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical and electrical responses of the squid giant axon to simple elongation
    • GALBRAITH, J.A., THIBAULT, L.E., and MATTESON, R.A. (1993). Mechanical and electrical responses of the squid giant axon to simple elongation. J. Biomech. Eng. 115, 13-22.
    • (1993) J. Biomech. Eng. , vol.115 , pp. 13-22
    • Galbraith, J.A.1    Thibault, L.E.2    Matteson, R.A.3
  • 25
    • 0016587145 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical studies in in vitro assembly and disassembly of microtubules
    • GASKIN F., CANTON, C.R., and SHELANSKI, M.L. (1975). Biochemical studies in in vitro assembly and disassembly of microtubules. Ann N.Y. Acad. Sci. 253, 133-146.
    • (1975) Ann N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.253 , pp. 133-146
    • Gaskin, F.1    Canton, C.R.2    Shelanski, M.L.3
  • 27
    • 0024409205 scopus 로고
    • Axonal injury in the optic nerve: A model simulating diffuse axonal injury in man
    • GENNARELLI, T.A., THIBAULT, L.E., TIPPERMAN, R., et al. (1989). Axonal injury in the optic nerve: A model simulating diffuse axonal injury in man. J. Neurosurg. 71, 244-253.
    • (1989) J. Neurosurg. , vol.71 , pp. 244-253
    • Gennarelli, T.A.1    Thibault, L.E.2    Tipperman, R.3
  • 28
    • 0027482350 scopus 로고
    • β-Amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) as a marker of axonal injury after head injury
    • GENTLEMAN, S.M., NASH, M.J., SWEETING, C.J., GRAHAM, D.I., and ROBERTS, G.W. (1993). β-Amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) as a marker of axonal injury after head injury. Neurosci. Lett. 160, 139-144.
    • (1993) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.160 , pp. 139-144
    • Gentleman, S.M.1    Nash, M.J.2    Sweeting, C.J.3    Graham, D.I.4    Roberts, G.W.5
  • 30
    • 0028286279 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-mediated degeneration of the axonal cytoskeleton in the Ola mouse
    • GLASS, J.D., SCHRYER, B.L., and GRIFFIN, J.W. (1994). Calcium-mediated degeneration of the axonal cytoskeleton in the Ola mouse. J. Neurochem. 62, 2472-2475.
    • (1994) J. Neurochem. , vol.62 , pp. 2472-2475
    • Glass, J.D.1    Schryer, B.L.2    Griffin, J.W.3
  • 31
    • 0028316048 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of neurofilament H subunit as related to arrangement of neurofilaments
    • GOTOW, T., and TANAKA, J. (1994). Phosphorylation of neurofilament H subunit as related to arrangement of neurofilaments. J. Neurosci. Res. 37, 691-713.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 691-713
    • Gotow, T.1    Tanaka, J.2
  • 34
    • 0028098023 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse axonal injury in craniocerebral trauma: A comparative histologic and immunohistochemical study
    • GULTEKIN, S.H., and SMITH, T.W. (1994). Diffuse axonal injury in craniocerebral trauma: A comparative histologic and immunohistochemical study. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 118, 168-171.
    • (1994) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. , vol.118 , pp. 168-171
    • Gultekin, S.H.1    Smith, T.W.2
  • 35
    • 0024461007 scopus 로고
    • Tau protein becomes long and stiff upon phosphorylation: Correlation between paracrystalline structure and degree of phosphorylation
    • HAGESTEDT, T., LICHTENBERG, B., WILLE, H., MANDELOE, E.-M., and MANDELKOW, E. (1989). Tau protein becomes long and stiff upon phosphorylation: Correlation between paracrystalline structure and degree of phosphorylation. J. Cell Biol. 109, 1643-1651.
    • (1989) J. Cell Biol. , vol.109 , pp. 1643-1651
    • Hagestedt, T.1    Lichtenberg, B.2    Wille, H.3    Mandeloe, E.-M.4    Mandelkow, E.5
  • 36
    • 0027310203 scopus 로고
    • Axotomy-induced neurofilament phosphorylation is inhibited in situ by microinjection of PKA and PKC inhibitors into identified lamprey neurons
    • HALL, G.F., and KOSIK, K.S. (1993). Axotomy-induced neurofilament phosphorylation is inhibited in situ by microinjection of PKA and PKC inhibitors into identified lamprey neurons. Neuron 10, 613-625.
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.10 , pp. 613-625
    • Hall, G.F.1    Kosik, K.S.2
  • 37
    • 0028814709 scopus 로고
    • Neurofilament sidearm proteolysis is a prominent early effect of axotomy in lamprey giant central neurons
    • HALL, G.F., and LEE, V.M.-L. (1995). Neurofilament sidearm proteolysis is a prominent early effect of axotomy in lamprey giant central neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 353, 38-49.
    • (1995) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.353 , pp. 38-49
    • Hall, G.F.1    Lee, V.M.-L.2
  • 38
    • 0026452774 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal cdc2-like kinase: A cdc2-related protein kinase with predominantly neuronal expression
    • HELLMICH, M.R., PANT, H.C., WADA, E., and BATTEY, J.F. (1992). Neuronal cdc2-like kinase: A cdc2-related protein kinase with predominantly neuronal expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10867-10871.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 10867-10871
    • Hellmich, M.R.1    Pant, H.C.2    Wada, E.3    Battey, J.F.4
  • 39
    • 0025220189 scopus 로고
    • Effects of phosphorylation of the neurofilament L protein on filamentous structures
    • HISANAGA, S., GONADA, Y., INAGAKI, M., IKAI, A., and HIROKAWA, N. (1990). Effects of phosphorylation of the neurofilament L protein on filamentous structures. Cell Reg. 1, 237-248.
    • (1990) Cell Reg. , vol.1 , pp. 237-248
    • Hisanaga, S.1    Gonada, Y.2    Inagaki, M.3    Ikai, A.4    Hirokawa, N.5
  • 40
    • 0025836712 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of neurofilament H subunit at the tail domain by CDC2 kinase dissociates the association with microtubules
    • HISANAGA, S., KUSUBATA, M., OKUMURA, E., and KISHIOMOTO, T. (1991). Phosphorylation of neurofilament H subunit at the tail domain by CDC2 kinase dissociates the association with microtubules. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 21798-21803.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 21798-21803
    • Hisanaga, S.1    Kusubata, M.2    Okumura, E.3    Kishiomoto, T.4
  • 41
    • 0027236625 scopus 로고
    • Tau protein kinase II has a similar characteristic to cdc2 kinase for phosphorylating neurofilament proteins
    • HISANAGA, S., ISHIGURO, K., UCHIDA, T., OKUMURA, E., OKANA, T., and HIROKAWA, N. (1993). Tau protein kinase II has a similar characteristic to cdc2 kinase for phosphorylating neurofilament proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 15056-15060.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 15056-15060
    • Hisanaga, S.1    Ishiguro, K.2    Uchida, T.3    Okumura, E.4    Okana, T.5    Hirokawa, N.6
  • 42
    • 0016541063 scopus 로고
    • The slow component of axonal transport: Identification of the major structural polypeptides of the axon and their generality among mammalian neurons
    • HUFFMAN, P.N., and LASEK, R.J. (1975). The slow component of axonal transport: Identification of the major structural polypeptides of the axon and their generality among mammalian neurons. J. Cell Biol. 66, 351-366.
    • (1975) J. Cell Biol. , vol.66 , pp. 351-366
    • Huffman, P.N.1    Lasek, R.J.2
  • 43
    • 0030925162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal cytoskeletal changes after non-disruptive axonal injury
    • JAFARI, S.S., MAXWELL, W.L., NEILSON, M., and GRAHAM, D.I. (1997). Axonal cytoskeletal changes after non-disruptive axonal injury. J. Neurocytol. 26, 207-221.
    • (1997) J. Neurocytol. , vol.26 , pp. 207-221
    • Jafari, S.S.1    Maxwell, W.L.2    Neilson, M.3    Graham, D.I.4
  • 44
    • 0019792916 scopus 로고
    • Rapid disassembly of cold-stable microtubules by calmodulin
    • JOB, D., FISCHER, E.H., and MARGOLIS, R.L. (1981). Rapid disassembly of cold-stable microtubules by calmodulin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 4679-4682.
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.78 , pp. 4679-4682
    • Job, D.1    Fischer, E.H.2    Margolis, R.L.3
  • 45
    • 0025943414 scopus 로고
    • The regulatory role of calmodulin in the proteolysis of individual neurofilament proteins by calpain
    • JOHNSON, G.V.W., GREENWOOD, J.A., COSTELLO, A.C., and TRONSOSO, J.C. (1991). The regulatory role of calmodulin in the proteolysis of individual neurofilament proteins by calpain. Neurochem. Res. 16, 869-873.
    • (1991) Neurochem. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 869-873
    • Johnson, G.V.W.1    Greenwood, J.A.2    Costello, A.C.3    Tronsoso, J.C.4
  • 46
    • 0017800602 scopus 로고
    • In vitro assembly of dogfish brain tubulin and induction of coiled ribbon polymers by calcium
    • LANGFORD, G.M. (1978). In vitro assembly of dogfish brain tubulin and induction of coiled ribbon polymers by calcium. Exp. Cell Res. 111, 139-151.
    • (1978) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.111 , pp. 139-151
    • Langford, G.M.1
  • 47
    • 0018819816 scopus 로고
    • The composition and organization of axonally transported proteins in the retinal ganglion cells of the guinea pig
    • LEVINE, J., and WILLARD, M. (1980). The composition and organization of axonally transported proteins in the retinal ganglion cells of the guinea pig. Brain Res. 194, 137-154.
    • (1980) Brain Res. , vol.194 , pp. 137-154
    • Levine, J.1    Willard, M.2
  • 48
    • 0028855092 scopus 로고
    • Early cytoskeletal changes following injury of giant spinal axons in the lamprey
    • MCHALE, M.K., HALL, G.F., and COHEN, M.J. (1995). Early cytoskeletal changes following injury of giant spinal axons in the lamprey. J. Comp. Neurol. 353, 25-37.
    • (1995) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.353 , pp. 25-37
    • Mchale, M.K.1    Hall, G.F.2    Cohen, M.J.3
  • 50
    • 0022921987 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in the axonal transport of structural proteins: Major differences between optic and spinal axons in the rat
    • MCQUARRIE, I.G., BRADY, S., and LASEK, R.J. (1986). Diversity in the axonal transport of structural proteins: Major differences between optic and spinal axons in the rat. J. Neurosci. 6, 1593-1605.
    • (1986) J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 1593-1605
    • Mcquarrie, I.G.1    Brady, S.2    Lasek, R.J.3
  • 51
    • 0017106811 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of tubulin assembly: In vitro formation of sheet, twisted ribbon, and microtubule
    • MATSUMURA, F., and HAYASHI, M. (1976). Polymorphism of tubulin assembly: In vitro formation of sheet, twisted ribbon, and microtubule. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 453, 162-175.
    • (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.453 , pp. 162-175
    • Matsumura, F.1    Hayashi, M.2
  • 52
    • 0022522261 scopus 로고
    • Changes in intra-axonal calcium distribution following nerve crush
    • MATA, M., STAPLE, J., and FINK, D.J. (1986). Changes in intra-axonal calcium distribution following nerve crush. J. Neurobiol. 17, 449-467.
    • (1986) J. Neurobiol. , vol.17 , pp. 449-467
    • Mata, M.1    Staple, J.2    Fink, D.J.3
  • 53
    • 0026529403 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation-dependent neurofilament epitopes are reduced at the node of Ranvier
    • MATA, M., KUPINA, N., and FINK, D.J. (1992). Phosphorylation-dependent neurofilament epitopes are reduced at the node of Ranvier. J. Neurocytol. 21, 199-210.
    • (1992) J. Neurocytol. , vol.21 , pp. 199-210
    • Mata, M.1    Kupina, N.2    Fink, D.J.3
  • 54
    • 0343639588 scopus 로고
    • Microtubular changes in axons after stretch injury
    • MAXWELL, W.L. (1995). Microtubular changes in axons after stretch injury. J. Neurotrauma 12, 363.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 363
    • Maxwell, W.L.1
  • 55
    • 0029736959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathological changes at central nodes of Ranvier after stretch injury
    • MAXWELL, W.L. (1996). Histopathological changes at central nodes of Ranvier after stretch injury. Micro. Res. Tech. 34, 522-535.
    • (1996) Micro. Res. Tech. , vol.34 , pp. 522-535
    • Maxwell, W.L.1
  • 56
    • 0023682661 scopus 로고
    • Freeze-fracture studies of reactive myelinated nerve fibres after diffuse axonal injury
    • MAXWELL, W.L., KANSAGRA, A.M., GRAHAM, D.I., ADAMS, J.H., GENNARELLI, T.A. (1983). Freeze-fracture studies of reactive myelinated nerve fibres after diffuse axonal injury. Acta Neuropathol. 76, 395-406.
    • (1983) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.76 , pp. 395-406
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Kansagra, A.M.2    Graham, D.I.3    Adams, J.H.4    Gennarelli, T.A.5
  • 59
    • 0027234432 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural evidence of axonal shearing as a result of lateral acceleration of the head in non-human primates
    • MAXWELL, W.L., WATT, C., GRAHAM, D.I., and GENNARELLI, T.A. (1993). Ultrastructural evidence of axonal shearing as a result of lateral acceleration of the head in non-human primates. Acta Neuropathol. 86, 136-144.
    • (1993) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.86 , pp. 136-144
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Watt, C.2    Graham, D.I.3    Gennarelli, T.A.4
  • 60
    • 1842318210 scopus 로고
    • Quantifiable alterations of the axonal cytoskeleton after stretch injury to the adult guinea pig optic nerve
    • MAXWELL, W.L., GALLAGHER, M.E., GRAHAM, D.I., and GENNARELLI, T.A. (1994a). Quantifiable alterations of the axonal cytoskeleton after stretch injury to the adult guinea pig optic nerve. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 20, 303.
    • (1994) Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. , vol.20 , pp. 303
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Gallagher, M.E.2    Graham, D.I.3    Gennarelli, T.A.4
  • 61
    • 1842314368 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the axonal cytoskeleton after focal axonal injury (FAI)
    • MAXWELL, W.L., GRAHAM, D.I., and GENNARELLI, T.A. (1994b). Observations on the axonal cytoskeleton after focal axonal injury (FAI). Brain Pathol. 4, 488.
    • (1994) Brain Pathol. , vol.4 , pp. 488
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Graham, D.I.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3
  • 62
    • 0028246768 scopus 로고
    • A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell soma response to stretch injury in the optic nerve of the adult guinea pig
    • MAXWELL, W.L., ISLAM, M.N., GRAHAM, D.I., and GENNARELLI, T.A. (1994c). A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell soma response to stretch injury in the optic nerve of the adult guinea pig. J. Neurocytol. 23, 379-392.
    • (1994) J. Neurocytol. , vol.23 , pp. 379-392
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Islam, M.N.2    Graham, D.I.3    Gennarelli, T.A.4
  • 63
    • 0029584859 scopus 로고
    • Cytochemical evidence for redistribution of membrane pump calcium-ATPase and ecto-Ca-ATPase activity, and calcium influx in myelinated nerve fibres of the optic nerve after stretch injury
    • MAXWELL, W.L., MCCREATH, B.J., GRAHAM, D.I., and GENNARELLI, T.A. (1995). Cytochemical evidence for redistribution of membrane pump calcium-ATPase and ecto-Ca-ATPase activity, and calcium influx in myelinated nerve fibres of the optic nerve after stretch injury. J. Neurocytol. 24, 925-942.
    • (1995) J. Neurocytol. , vol.24 , pp. 925-942
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Mccreath, B.J.2    Graham, D.I.3    Gennarelli, T.A.4
  • 64
    • 0030756577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of axonal microtubules and neurofilaments after stretch-injury to guinea-pig optic nerve fibers
    • in press
    • MAXWELL, W.L., and GRAHAM, D.I. (1997). Loss of axonal microtubules and neurofilaments after stretch-injury to guinea-pig optic nerve fibers. J. Neurotrauma (in press).
    • (1997) J. Neurotrauma
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Graham, D.I.2
  • 65
    • 1842390564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural change in the internodal axolemma after stretch-injury to the guinea pig optic nerve
    • MAXWELL, W.L., KOSANLAVIT, R., and GRAHAM, D.I. (1997). Structural change in the internodal axolemma after stretch-injury to the guinea pig optic nerve. Neuropath. Appl. Neurobiol. 23, 165.
    • (1997) Neuropath. Appl. Neurobiol. , vol.23 , pp. 165
    • Maxwell, W.L.1    Kosanlavit, R.2    Graham, D.I.3
  • 66
    • 0027486263 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of the tail domain of high molecular weight subunits of neurofilaments with the COOH-terminal region of tubulin and its regulation by τ protein kinase II
    • MIYASAKA, H., OKABE, S., ISHIGURO, K., UCHIDA, T., and HIROKAWA, N. (1993). Interaction of the tail domain of high molecular weight subunits of neurofilaments with the COOH-terminal region of tubulin and its regulation by τ protein kinase II. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 22695-22702.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 22695-22702
    • Miyasaka, H.1    Okabe, S.2    Ishiguro, K.3    Uchida, T.4    Hirokawa, N.5
  • 67
    • 0025196189 scopus 로고
    • Effect of phosphorylation on 68kDa neurofilament subunit protein assembly by the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase in vitro
    • NAKAMURA, Y., TAKEDA, M., ANGELIDES, K.D., TANAKA, T., TADA, K., and NISHIMURA, T. (1990). Effect of phosphorylation on 68kDa neurofilament subunit protein assembly by the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 169, 744-750.
    • (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. , vol.169 , pp. 744-750
    • Nakamura, Y.1    Takeda, M.2    Angelides, K.D.3    Tanaka, T.4    Tada, K.5    Nishimura, T.6
  • 68
    • 0030872701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical study of calpain-mediated breakdown products to α-spectrin following controlled cortical impact injury in the rat
    • NEWCOMB, J.K., KAMPFL, A., POSMANTUR, R.M., et al. (1997). Immunohistochemical study of calpain-mediated breakdown products to α-spectrin following controlled cortical impact injury in the rat. J. Neurotrauma 14, 369-383.
    • (1997) J. Neurotrauma , vol.14 , pp. 369-383
    • Newcomb, J.K.1    Kampfl, A.2    Posmantur, R.M.3
  • 69
    • 0028121752 scopus 로고
    • The pathological spectrum of diffuse axonal injury in blunt head trauma: Assessment with axon and myelin stains
    • NG, H.K., MAHALIYANA, R.D., and POON, W.S. (1994). The pathological spectrum of diffuse axonal injury in blunt head trauma: assessment with axon and myelin stains. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 96, 24-31.
    • (1994) Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. , vol.96 , pp. 24-31
    • Ng, H.K.1    Mahaliyana, R.D.2    Poon, W.S.3
  • 70
    • 0017763702 scopus 로고
    • Calcium sensitivity of the microtubule reassembly system: Difference between crude brain extracts and purified microtubule proteins
    • Tokyo
    • NISHIDA, E., and SAKAI, H. (1977). Calcium sensitivity of the microtubule reassembly system: Difference between crude brain extracts and purified microtubule proteins. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 82, 303-306.
    • (1977) J. Biochem. , vol.82 , pp. 303-306
    • Nishida, E.1    Sakai, H.2
  • 71
    • 0002343297 scopus 로고
    • Axonal transport by cytoskeletal proteins
    • B. Burgoyne, (ed), Wiley-Liss, Inc: New York
    • NIXON, R. A. (1991). Axonal transport by cytoskeletal proteins, in: The Neuronal Cytoskeleton, B. Burgoyne, (ed), Wiley-Liss, Inc: New York, pp. 283-307.
    • (1991) The Neuronal Cytoskeleton , pp. 283-307
    • Nixon, R.A.1
  • 72
    • 0027531842 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of neurofilament protein dynamics of phosphorylation: Clues to neurofibrillary pathobiology
    • NIXON, R.A. (1993). The regulation of neurofilament protein dynamics of phosphorylation: Clues to neurofibrillary pathobiology. Brain Pathol. 3, 29-38.
    • (1993) Brain Pathol. , vol.3 , pp. 29-38
    • Nixon, R.A.1
  • 73
    • 0019985828 scopus 로고
    • Post-translational modification of a neurofilament protein during axoplasmic transport: Implications for regional specialization of CNS axons
    • NIXON, R.A., BROWN, B.A., and MAROTTA, C.A. (1982). Post-translational modification of a neurofilament protein during axoplasmic transport: Implications for regional specialization of CNS axons. J. Cell Biol. 94, 150-158.
    • (1982) J. Cell Biol. , vol.94 , pp. 150-158
    • Nixon, R.A.1    Brown, B.A.2    Marotta, C.A.3
  • 74
    • 0020510893 scopus 로고
    • Limited proteolytic modifications of a neurofilament protein involves a proteinase activated by endogenous levels of calcium
    • NIXON, R.A., BROWN, B.A., and MAROTTA, C.A. (1983). Limited proteolytic modifications of a neurofilament protein involves a proteinase activated by endogenous levels of calcium. Brain Res. 275, 384-388.
    • (1983) Brain Res. , vol.275 , pp. 384-388
    • Nixon, R.A.1    Brown, B.A.2    Marotta, C.A.3
  • 75
    • 0022474674 scopus 로고
    • Multiple calcium-activated neutral proteinases (CANP) in mouse retinal ganglion cell neurons: Specificities for endogenous neuronal substrates and comparison to purified brain CANP
    • NIXON, R.A., QUACKENBUSH, R., and VITTO, A. (1986). Multiple calcium-activated neutral proteinases (CANP) in mouse retinal ganglion cell neurons: Specificities for endogenous neuronal substrates and comparison to purified brain CANP. J. Neurosci. 6, 1252-1263.
    • (1986) J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 1252-1263
    • Nixon, R.A.1    Quackenbush, R.2    Vitto, A.3
  • 76
    • 0027931132 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation on carboxyl terminus domains of neurofilament proteins in retinal ganglion cell neurons in vivo: Influences on regional neurofilament accumulation, interneurofilament spacing, and axon caliber
    • NIXON, R.A., PASKEVICH, P.A., SIHAG, R.K., and THAYER, C.Y. (1994). Phosphorylation on carboxyl terminus domains of neurofilament proteins in retinal ganglion cell neurons in vivo: influences on regional neurofilament accumulation, interneurofilament spacing, and axon caliber. J. Cell. Biol. 126, 1031-1046.
    • (1994) J. Cell. Biol. , vol.126 , pp. 1031-1046
    • Nixon, R.A.1    Paskevich, P.A.2    Sihag, R.K.3    Thayer, C.Y.4
  • 77
    • 0025041470 scopus 로고
    • Myelin intrusions in beaded nerve fibres
    • OCHS, S., and JERSILD, R.A. (1990). Myelin intrusions in beaded nerve fibres. Neurosci. 36, 553-567.
    • (1990) Neurosci. , vol.36 , pp. 553-567
    • Ochs, S.1    Jersild, R.A.2
  • 78
    • 0030022099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of beading constrictions at the axolemma: Presence in unmyelinated axons and after β,β′-iminodpropionitrile degradation of the cytoskeleton
    • OCHS, S., POURMAND, R., and JERSILD, R.A. (1996). Origin of beading constrictions at the axolemma: Presence in unmyelinated axons and after β,β′-iminodpropionitrile degradation of the cytoskeleton. Neurosci. 70, 1081-1096.
    • (1996) Neurosci. , vol.70 , pp. 1081-1096
    • Ochs, S.1    Pourmand, R.2    Jersild, R.A.3
  • 79
    • 0016813649 scopus 로고
    • Ionic and nucleotide requirements for microtubule polymerization in vitro
    • OLMSTED, J.B., and BORISY, G.G. (1975). Ionic and nucleotide requirements for microtubule polymerization in vitro. Biochemistry 14, 2996-3005.
    • (1975) Biochemistry , vol.14 , pp. 2996-3005
    • Olmsted, J.B.1    Borisy, G.G.2
  • 80
    • 0028152764 scopus 로고
    • Traumatically induced altered membrane permeability: Its relationship to traumatically induced reactive axonal change
    • PETTUS, E.H., CHRISTMAN, C.W., GIEBEL, M.L., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1994). Traumatically induced altered membrane permeability: Its relationship to traumatically induced reactive axonal change. J. Neurotrauma 11, 507-522.
    • (1994) J. Neurotrauma , vol.11 , pp. 507-522
    • Pettus, E.H.1    Christman, C.W.2    Giebel, M.L.3    Povlishock, J.T.4
  • 81
    • 1842353944 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of prolonged alterations in axolemma permeability following traumatic brain injury
    • PETTUS, E.H., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1994). Evidence of prolonged alterations in axolemma permeability following traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 12, 475.
    • (1994) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 475
    • Pettus, E.H.1    Povlishock, J.T.2
  • 82
    • 0029896102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a distinct set of intra-axonal ultrastructural changes associated with traumatically induced alteration in axolemma permeability
    • PETTUS, E.H., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1996). Characterization of a distinct set of intra-axonal ultrastructural changes associated with traumatically induced alteration in axolemma permeability. Brain Res. 772, 1-11.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.772 , pp. 1-11
    • Pettus, E.H.1    Povlishock, J.T.2
  • 83
    • 0024596556 scopus 로고
    • Lamprey neurofilaments combine in one subunit the features of each mammalian neurofilament protein, but are highly phosphorylated only in large axons
    • PLEASURE, S.J., SELZER, M.E., and LEE, V.M.-Y. (1989). Lamprey neurofilaments combine in one subunit the features of each mammalian neurofilament protein, but are highly phosphorylated only in large axons. J. Neurosci. 9, 698-709.
    • (1989) J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 698-709
    • Pleasure, S.J.1    Selzer, M.E.2    Lee, V.M.-Y.3
  • 84
    • 0022601877 scopus 로고
    • Traumatically induced axonal damage without concomitant change in focally related neuronal somata and dendrites
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1986). Traumatically induced axonal damage without concomitant change in focally related neuronal somata and dendrites. Acta Neuropathol. 70, 53-79.
    • (1986) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.70 , pp. 53-79
    • Povlishock, J.T.1
  • 85
    • 0026435098 scopus 로고
    • Traumatically induced axonal injury: Pathogenesis and pathobiological implications
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1992). Traumatically induced axonal injury: Pathogenesis and pathobiological implications. Brain Pathol. 2, 1-12.
    • (1992) Brain Pathol. , vol.2 , pp. 1-12
    • Povlishock, J.T.1
  • 87
    • 0022232032 scopus 로고
    • Continuing axonal and vascular change following experimental brain trauma
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T., and KONTOS, H.A. (1985). Continuing axonal and vascular change following experimental brain trauma. Central Nerv. Syst. Trauma 2, 285-298.
    • (1985) Central Nerv. Syst. Trauma , vol.2 , pp. 285-298
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Kontos, H.A.2
  • 88
    • 0028793071 scopus 로고
    • The pathobiology of traumatically induced axonal injury in animals and humans: A review of current thoughts
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T., and CHRISTMAN, C.W. (1995a). The pathobiology of traumatically induced axonal injury in animals and humans: A review of current thoughts. J. Neurotrauma 12, 555-563.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 555-563
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Christman, C.W.2
  • 89
    • 0000623228 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse axonal injury
    • S.G. Waxman, J.D. Kocsis, and P.K. Stys (eds) Oxford University Press: New York
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T., and CHRISTMAN, C.W. (1995b). Diffuse axonal injury, in: The Axon: Structure, function and pathophysiology. S.G. Waxman, J.D. Kocsis, and P.K. Stys (eds) Oxford University Press: New York, pp 504-529.
    • (1995) The Axon: Structure, Function and Pathophysiology , pp. 504-529
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Christman, C.W.2
  • 90
    • 0007236241 scopus 로고
    • Traumatically induced alterations in axolemma permeability are associated with a distinct subset of intra-axonal cytoskeletal changes
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T., GIEBEL, M.L., and PETTUS, E. (1995). Traumatically induced alterations in axolemma permeability are associated with a distinct subset of intra-axonal cytoskeletal changes. J. Neurotrauma 12, 417.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 417
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Giebel, M.L.2    Pettus, E.3
  • 91
    • 0028808165 scopus 로고
    • Are the pathobiological changes evoked by traumatic brain injury immediate and irreversible?
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T., and JENKINS, L.W. (1995). Are the pathobiological changes evoked by traumatic brain injury immediate and irreversible? Brain Pathol. 5, 415-426.
    • (1995) Brain Pathol. , vol.5 , pp. 415-426
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Jenkins, L.W.2
  • 92
    • 0029691406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatically induced axonal damage: Evidence for enduring changes in axolemma permeability with associated cytoskeletal change
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T., and PETTUS, E.H. (1996). Traumatically induced axonal damage: Evidence for enduring changes in axolemma permeability with associated cytoskeletal change. Acta Neurochir. 66, 81-86.
    • (1996) Acta Neurochir. , vol.66 , pp. 81-86
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Pettus, E.H.2
  • 93
    • 0030725073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact acceleration injury in the rat: Evidence for focal axolemma change and related neurofilament sidearm alteration
    • POVLISHOCK, J.T., MARMAROU, A., MCINTOSH, T., TROJANOWSKI, J.Q., and MOROI, J. (1997). Impact acceleration injury in the rat: Evidence for focal axolemma change and related neurofilament sidearm alteration. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. 56, 347-359.
    • (1997) J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. , vol.56 , pp. 347-359
    • Povlishock, J.T.1    Marmarou, A.2    Mcintosh, T.3    Trojanowski, J.Q.4    Moroi, J.5
  • 94
    • 0023912946 scopus 로고
    • Neurofilaments are spaced randomly in the radial dimension of axons
    • PRICE, R.L., PAGGI, P., LASEK, R.J., and KATZ, M.J. (1988). Neurofilaments are spaced randomly in the radial dimension of axons. J. Neurocytol. 17, 55-62.
    • (1988) J. Neurocytol. , vol.17 , pp. 55-62
    • Price, R.L.1    Paggi, P.2    Lasek, R.J.3    Katz, M.J.4
  • 95
    • 0025732627 scopus 로고
    • Axonal cytoskeleton at the nodes of Ranvier
    • RELES, A., and FRIEDE, R.L. (1991). Axonal cytoskeleton at the nodes of Ranvier. J. Neurocytol. 20, 450-458.
    • (1991) J. Neurocytol. , vol.20 , pp. 450-458
    • Reles, A.1    Friede, R.L.2
  • 96
    • 0343848127 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of neurofilament immunohistochemistry with silver staining of damaged axons following head injury
    • 457.9
    • ROSS, D.T., GRAHAM, D.I., ADAMS, J.H., and GENNARELLI, T.A. (1992). Correlation of neurofilament immunohistochemistry with silver staining of damaged axons following head injury. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 18, 1088(457.9).
    • (1992) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.18 , pp. 1088
    • Ross, D.T.1    Graham, D.I.2    Adams, J.H.3    Gennarelli, T.A.4
  • 97
    • 0028352263 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of forebrain diffuse axonal injury following inertial closed head injury in miniature swine
    • ROSS, D.T., MEANEY, D.F., SABOL, M.K., SMITH, D.H., and GENNARELLI, T.A. (1994). Distribution of forebrain diffuse axonal injury following inertial closed head injury in miniature swine. Exp. Neurol. 126, 291-299.
    • (1994) Exp. Neurol. , vol.126 , pp. 291-299
    • Ross, D.T.1    Meaney, D.F.2    Sabol, M.K.3    Smith, D.H.4    Gennarelli, T.A.5
  • 98
    • 0030037390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown occurs regionally following experimental brain injury in the rat
    • SAATMAN, K.E., BOZYCZKO-COYNE, D., MARCY, V., SIMAN, R., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1996). Prolonged calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown occurs regionally following experimental brain injury in the rat. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 55, 850-860.
    • (1996) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.55 , pp. 850-860
    • Saatman, K.E.1    Bozyczko-Coyne, D.2    Marcy, V.3    Siman, R.4    Mcintosh, T.K.5
  • 99
    • 1842399394 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of mitochondrial calcium transport
    • L. Packer, A. Gomez-Puyou (eds), Academic Press: New York
    • SCARPA, A. (1976). Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of mitochondrial calcium transport, in: Mitochondria: Bioenergetics, Biogenesis and Membrane Structure. L. Packer, A. Gomez-Puyou (eds), Academic Press: New York, pp. 31-45.
    • (1976) Mitochondria: Bioenergetics, Biogenesis and Membrane Structure , pp. 31-45
    • Scarpa, A.1
  • 100
    • 0015969634 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-induced degeneration of axoplasm in isolated segments of rat peripheral nerve
    • SCHLAEPFER, W.W. (1974). Calcium-induced degeneration of axoplasm in isolated segments of rat peripheral nerve. Brain Res. 69, 203-215.
    • (1974) Brain Res. , vol.69 , pp. 203-215
    • Schlaepfer, W.W.1
  • 101
    • 0017753869 scopus 로고
    • Structural alterations of peripheral nerve induced by the calcium ionophore A23187
    • SCHLAEPFER, W.W. (1977). Structural alterations of peripheral nerve induced by the calcium ionophore A23187. Brain Res. 136, 1-9.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.136 , pp. 1-9
    • Schlaepfer, W.W.1
  • 102
    • 0022300365 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying the neuronal response to ischemic injury. Calcium-activated proteolysis of neurofilaments
    • SCHLAEPFER, W.W., and ZIMMERMAN, U.-J.P. (1985). Mechanisms underlying the neuronal response to ischemic injury. Calcium-activated proteolysis of neurofilaments. Prog. Brain. Res. 63, 185-196.
    • (1985) Prog. Brain. Res. , vol.63 , pp. 185-196
    • Schlaepfer, W.W.1    Zimmerman, U.-J.P.2
  • 104
    • 0026089164 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the distribution of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated epitopes within central and peripheral axons of adult hamster
    • SLOAN, K.E., STEVENSON, J.A., and BIGBEE, J.W. (1991). Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the distribution of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated epitopes within central and peripheral axons of adult hamster. Cell Tissue Res. 263, 265-270.
    • (1991) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.263 , pp. 265-270
    • Sloan, K.E.1    Stevenson, J.A.2    Bigbee, J.W.3
  • 105
    • 0002918293 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies distinguish phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of neurofilament in situ
    • STERNBERGER, L.A., and STERNBERGER, N.H. (1983). Monoclonal antibodies distinguish phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of neurofilament in situ. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 6126-6130.
    • (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.80 , pp. 6126-6130
    • Sternberger, L.A.1    Sternberger, N.H.2
  • 106
    • 0025514256 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of free calcium in transected spinal axons and its modulation by applied electric fields
    • STRAUTMAN, A.F., CORK, R.J., and ROBINSON, K.R. (1990). The distribution of free calcium in transected spinal axons and its modulation by applied electric fields. J. Neurosci. 10, 3564-3575.
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 3564-3575
    • Strautman, A.F.1    Cork, R.J.2    Robinson, K.R.3
  • 107
    • 0025630706 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation-dependent epitopes on neurofilament proteins and neurofilament densities differ in axons in the corticospinal and primar sensory dorsal column tract in the rat spinal cord
    • SZARO, B.G., WHITNALL, M.H., and GAINER, H. (1990). Phosphorylation-dependent epitopes on neurofilament proteins and neurofilament densities differ in axons in the corticospinal and primar sensory dorsal column tract in the rat spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 302, 220-235.
    • (1990) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.302 , pp. 220-235
    • Szaro, B.G.1    Whitnall, M.H.2    Gainer, H.3
  • 108
    • 0026045905 scopus 로고
    • Maturation and aging of the axonal cytoskeleton: Biochemical analysis of transported tubulin
    • TASHIRO, T., and KOMIYA, Y. (1991). Maturation and aging of the axonal cytoskeleton: Biochemical analysis of transported tubulin. J. Neurosci. Res. 30, 192-200.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 192-200
    • Tashiro, T.1    Komiya, Y.2
  • 109
    • 0025024381 scopus 로고
    • Morphology and neurophysiology of focal axonal injury experiments induced in the guinea pig optic nerve
    • TOMEI, G., SPAGNOLI, D., DUCATI, A., et al. (1990). Morphology and neurophysiology of focal axonal injury experiments induced in the guinea pig optic nerve. Acta Neuropathol. 80, 506-513.
    • (1990) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.80 , pp. 506-513
    • Tomei, G.1    Spagnoli, D.2    Ducati, A.3
  • 110
    • 1842305802 scopus 로고
    • Calcium localization in normal and degenerating myelinated nerve fibres of the CNS
    • WADE, C.R., OHARA, P.T., and LIEBERMAN, A.R. (1980). Calcium localization in normal and degenerating myelinated nerve fibres of the CNS. J. Anat. 130, 641-644.
    • (1980) J. Anat. , vol.130 , pp. 641-644
    • Wade, C.R.1    Ohara, P.T.2    Lieberman, A.R.3
  • 111
    • 0025500632 scopus 로고
    • The cold stability of microtubules increase during axonal maturation
    • WATSON, D.F., HOFFMAN, P.N., and GRIFFIN, J.W. (1990). The cold stability of microtubules increase during axonal maturation. J. Neurosci. 10, 3344-3352.
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 3344-3352
    • Watson, D.F.1    Hoffman, P.N.2    Griffin, J.W.3
  • 112
    • 0026005819 scopus 로고
    • Regional variation in the abundance of axonal cytoskeletal proteins
    • WATSON, D. (1991). Regional variation in the abundance of axonal cytoskeletal proteins. J. Neurosci. Res. 30, 226-231.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 226-231
    • Watson, D.1
  • 113
    • 0026582830 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural concomitants of anoxic injury and early post-anoxic recovery in rat optic nerve
    • WAXMAN, S.G., BLACK, J.A., STYS, P.K., and RANSOM, B.R. (1992). Ultrastructural concomitants of anoxic injury and early post-anoxic recovery in rat optic nerve. Brain Res. 574, 105-119.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.574 , pp. 105-119
    • Waxman, S.G.1    Black, J.A.2    Stys, P.K.3    Ransom, B.R.4
  • 114
    • 85024804258 scopus 로고
    • Reversible and irreversible changes in the fine structure of nervous tissue during oxygen and glucose deprivation
    • WEBSTER, H.DEF., and AMES, A. (1965). Reversible and irreversible changes in the fine structure of nervous tissue during oxygen and glucose deprivation. J. Cell Biol. 26, 885-909.
    • (1965) J. Cell Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 885-909
    • Webster, H.DeF.1    Ames, A.2
  • 115
    • 0015520152 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule formation in vitro in solutions containing low calcium concentrations
    • WEISENBERG, R. (1972). Microtubule formation in vitro in solutions containing low calcium concentrations. Science 117, 1104-1105.
    • (1972) Science , vol.117 , pp. 1104-1105
    • Weisenberg, R.1
  • 116
    • 0026598116 scopus 로고
    • Traumatically induced reactive change as visualized through the use of monoclonal antibodies targeted to the neurofilament subunits
    • YAGHMAI, A., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1992). Traumatically induced reactive change as visualized through the use of monoclonal antibodies targeted to the neurofilament subunits. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 51, 158-176.
    • (1992) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.51 , pp. 158-176
    • Yaghmai, A.1    Povlishock, J.T.2
  • 118
    • 0021826612 scopus 로고
    • Calcium dependence of membrane sealing at the cut end of the cockroach giant axon
    • YAWO, H., and KUNO, M. (1985). Calcium dependence of membrane sealing at the cut end of the cockroach giant axon. J. Neurosci. 5, 1626-1632.
    • (1985) J. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 1626-1632
    • Yawo, H.1    Kuno, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.