An Interwoven Supramolecular Cage

Angewandte Chemie (International Edition in English)

Volumn 36, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 59-62

  Ashton, Peter R ^a   Collins, Andrew N ^c   Fyfe, Matthew C T ^a   Glink, Peter T ^a   Menzer, Stephan ^b   Stoddart, J Fraser ^a   Williams, David J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c ASTRAZENECA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cage compounds; Interwoven systems; Self assembly; Supramolecular chemistry

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030745915     PISSN: 05700833     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.199700591     Document Type: Article

References (35)

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5. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
6. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
7. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
8. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
9. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
10. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
11. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
12. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
13. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
14. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
15. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
16. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
17. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
18. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
19. For some recent examples, see a) P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fischer, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 92-95; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69-72; b) R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1677-1680; c) R. W. Saalfrank, R. Burak, A. Breit, D. Stalke, R. Herbst-Irmer, J. Daub, M. Porsch, E. Bill, M. Müther, A. X. Trautwein, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 16971699; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1621-1623; d) J. P. Mathias, C. T. Seto, E. E. Simanek, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1725-1736; e) M. Fujita, D. Oguro, M. Miyazawa, H. Oka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Ogura, Nature (London) 1995, 378, 469-471; f) R. G. Chapman, J. C. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 118, 9081-9082; g) R. H. Vreekamp, J. P. M. van Duynhoven, M. Hubert, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1306-1309; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1215-1218; h) R. M. Grotzfeld, N. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Science 1996, 271, 487-489; i) J. Kang, J. Rebek, Jr., Nature (London) 1996, 382, 239-241; j) B. C. Hamann, K. D. Shimizu, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1425-1427; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1326-1329. k) For an example of a supramolecular cage produced by the "induced-fit" mechanism, see M. Fujita, S. Nagao, K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1649-1650.
20. D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828.
21. a) P. R. Ashton, E. J. T. Chrystal, P. T. Glink, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, P. A. Tasker, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 2001-2004; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1869-1871;
22. a) P. R. Ashton, E. J. T. Chrystal, P. T. Glink, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, P. A. Tasker, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 2001-2004; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1869-1871;
23. b) P. R. Ashton, E. J. T. Chrystal, P. T. Glink, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, N. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, P. A. Tasker, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1996, 2, 709-728;
24. c) P. T. Glink, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1483-1490;
25. d) P. R. Ashton, P. T. Glink, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2058-2061; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1930-1933.
26. d) P. R. Ashton, P. T. Glink, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2058-2061; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1930-1933.
27. e) Also, see R. Dagani, Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74(28), 26-30.
28. E. Weber, M. Hecker, E. Koepp, W. Orlia, M. Czugler, I. Csöregh, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 1988, 1251-1257.
29. 1 The SHELXTL package (version 5.03) was used for all computations. Crystallography data (excluding structure factors) for the structure reported in this paper have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre as supplementary publication no. CCDC-179-140. Copies of the data can be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB21EZ, UK (Fax: Int. code +(1223) 336-033; e-mail: deposit@chemcrys.cam.ac.uk).
30. - couterions, respectively.
31. Similar arguments have been used by Lehn and co-workers to explain self-recognition processes involving metal-ligand interactions in helicate self-assembly: R. Krämer, J.-M. Lehn, A. Marquis-Rigault, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993, 90, 5394-5398. We note that in this seminal paper the authors remark that. "These considerations also apply to systems where binding involves interactions other than metal coordination such as hydrogen bonding or donor-acceptor forces."
32. J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1347-1362; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1304-1319.
33. J.-M. Lehn, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1347-1362; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1304-1319.
34. A suitable crown ether could be 1,4,7,10,13,26,29,32,35,38-decaoxa[ 13.0.13.0]-paracyclophane where the hydroquinone rings of BPP34C10 are replaced by 4,4′-dioxybiphenyl units. See P. R. Ashton, D. Joachimi, N. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, C. Tschierske, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, K. Zab, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1563-1566; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1503-1506.
35. A suitable crown ether could be 1,4,7,10,13,26,29,32,35,38-decaoxa[ 13.0.13.0]-paracyclophane where the hydroquinone rings of BPP34C10 are replaced by 4,4′-dioxybiphenyl units. See P. R. Ashton, D. Joachimi, N. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, C. Tschierske, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, K. Zab, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1563-1566; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1503-1506.