Phorbol ester-induced low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression in HepG2 cells involves, protein kinase C-mediated p42/44 MAP kinase activation

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 38, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 2240-2248

  Kumar, Amit ^a   Chambers, Timothy C ^a   Cloud Heflin, Billie A ^a   Mehta, Kamal D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

Cholesterol; HepG2 cells; LDL receptor expression; Mitogen activated protein kinase; Phorbol esters; Protein kinase C isozymes

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; PHORBOL ESTER; PROTEIN KINASE C;

ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

BLOTTING, NORTHERN; BLOTTING, WESTERN; CA(2+)-CALMODULIN DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME INHIBITORS; FARNESYL-DIPHOSPHATE FARNESYLTRANSFERASE; FLAVONOIDS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; ISOENZYMES; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; NAPHTHALENES; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTEIN KINASE C; RECEPTORS, LDL; RNA, MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STAUROSPORINE; TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL ACETATE; TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED;

EID: 0030699104     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Brown, M. S., and J. L. Goldstein. 1986. A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science. 232: 34-47.
2. Goldstein, J. L., and M. S. Brown. 1990. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature. 343: 425-430.
3. Kovanen, P. T., S. K. Basu, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown. 1979. Low density lipoprotein receptors in bovine adrenal cortex. II. Low density lipoprotein binding to membranes prepared from fresh tissue. Endocrinology. 104: 610-616.
4. Sorci-Thomas, M., M. D. Wilson, F. L. Johnson, D. L. Williams, and L. L. Rudel. 1989. Studies on the expression of genes encoding apolipoprotein B-100 and B-48 and the low density lipoprotein receptor in nonhuman primates. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 9039-9045.
5. Mehta, K. D., M. S. Brown, D. W. Bilheimer, and J. L. Goldstein. 1991. The low density lipoprotein receptor in Xenopus laevis: feedback repression mediated by conserved sterol regulatory element. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 10406-10414.
6. Chang, R., E. Yang, D. Chamblis, A. Kumar, J. Wise, and K. D. Mehta. 1996. In vivo role of an Sp1 site neighboring SRE-1 in controlling levels of low density lipoprotein receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 218: 733-739.
7. Sudhof, T. C., D. R. vander Westhuyzen, J. L. Goldstein, M. S. Brown, and D. W. Russell. 1987. Three direct repeats and a TATA-like sequence are required for regulated expression of the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 10773-10779.
8. Dawson, P. A., S. L. Hofmann, D. R. vander Westhuyzen, T. C. Sudhof, D. W. Russell, M. S. Brown, and J. L. Goldstein. 1988. Sterol-dependent repression of low density lipoprotein receptor promoter mediated by 16-base pair sequence adjacent to binding site for transcription factor Sp1. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 3372-3379.
9. Sudhof, T. C., D. W. Russell, M. S. Brown, and J. L. Goldstein. 1987. 42 bp element from LDL receptor gene confers end-product repression by sterols when inserted into viral TK promoter. Cell. 48: 1061-1069.
10. Mehta, K. D., R. Chang, J. Underwood, J. Wise, and A. Kumar. 1996. Identification of a novel cis-acting element participating in maximal induction of the human LDL receptor gene transcription in response to low cellular cholesterol levels. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 33616-33622.
11. Yokoyama, C., X. Wang, M. R. Briggs, A. Admon, J. Wu, X. Hua, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown. 1994. SREBP-1, a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein that controls transcription of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene. Cell. 75: 187-197.
12. Wang, X., R. Sato, M. S. Brown, X. Hua, and J. L. Goldstein. 1994. SREBP-1, a membrane-bound transcription factor released by sterol-regulated proteolysis. Cell. 77: 53-62.
13. Sanchez, H. B., L. Yieh, and T. F. Osborne. 1995. Cooperation by sterol regulatory element-binding protein and Sp1 in sterol regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor gene. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 1161-1169.
14. Auwerx, J. H., A. Chait, and S. S. Deeb. 1989. Regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor and hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase genes by protein kinase C and a putative negative regulatory protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 1133-1137.
15. Auwerx, J. H., A. Chait, G. Wolfbauer, and S. S. Deeb. 1989. Involvement of second messengers in regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9: 2298-2302.
16. Grove, R. I., C. E. Mazzuco, S. F. Radka, M. Shoyab, and P. A. Kiener. 1991. Oncostatin M up-regulates low density lipoprotein receptors in HepG2 cells by a novel mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 18194-18199.
17. Hamanaka, R., K. Kohno, T. Seguchi, K. Okamura, A. Morimoto, M. Ono, J. Ogata, and M. Kuwano. 1992. Induction of low density lipoprotein receptor and a transcription factor Sp-1 by tumor necrosis factor in human microvascular endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 13160-13165.
18. Mazzone, T., K. Basheeruddin, L. Ping, and C. Schick. 1990. Relation of growth- and sterol-related regulatory pathways for low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 5145-5149.
19. Nicholson, A. C., and D. P. Hajjar. 1992. Transforming growth factor-β up-regulates low density lipoprotein receptor-mediated cholesterol metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 25982-25987.
20. Stopeck, A. T., A. C. Nicholson, F. P. Mancini, and D. P. Hajjar. 1993. Cytokine regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor gene transcription in HepG2 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 17489-17494.
21. Liu, J. P. 1996. Protein kinase C. and its substrates. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 116: 1-29.
22. Buchner, K. 1995. Protein kinase C in the transduction of signals toward and within the cell nucleus. Eur. J. Biochem. 228: 211-221.
23. Makar, R. S., P. E. Lipsky, and J. A. Cuthbert. 1994. Nonsterol regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression in T cells. J. Lipid Res. 35: 1888-1895.
24. Huang, Y., M. J. Ghosh, and M. F. Lopes-Virella. 1997. Transcriptional regulation of LDL receptor gene expression in PMA-treated THP-1 cells by LDL-containing immune complexes. J. Lipid Res. 38: 110-120.
25. Kamps, J. A., and T. J. van Berkel. 1993. Regulation of low density lipoprotein receptors in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and low-density lipoprotein. Eur. J. Biochem. 213: 989-994.
26. Hsu, H. Y., A. C. Nicholson, and D. P. Hajjar. 1994. Basic FGF-induced LDL receptor transcription and surface expression. Signal transduction pathways mediated by the bFGF receptor tyrosine kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9213-9220.
27. 2-terminal protein kinase pathway in the cellular response to Adriamycin and other chemotherapeutic drugs. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 30950-30955.
28. Cloud-Heflin, B. A., R. A. McMasters, M. T. Osborn, and T. C. Chambers. 1996. Expression, subcellular distribution and response to phorbol esters of PKC isozymes in drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant KB cells. Evidence for altered regulation of PKCα. Eur. J. Biochem. 239: 796-804.
29. Croall, D. E., and G. N. Demartino. 1991. Calcium-activated neutral protease (calpain) system: structure, function, and regulation. Physiol. Rev. 71: 813-847.
30. Daum, G., I. Eisenmann-Tappe, H. W. Fries, J. Troppmair, and U. R. Rapp. 1994. The ins and outs of Raf kinases. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19: 474-480.
31. Dudley, D. T., L. Pang, S. T. Decker, A. J. Bridges, and A. R. Saltier. 1995. A synthetic inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 7686-7689.
32. Wilson, G. M., Roberts, E. A., and Deeley, R. G. 1997. Modulation of LDL receptor mRNA stability by phorbol esters in human liver cell culture models. J. Lipid Res. 38: 437-446.
33. Ducher, L., F. Croquet, S. Gil, J. Davy, J. Feger, and A. Brehier. 1995. Differential expression of five protein kinase C isozymes in FAO and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines compared with normal rat hepatocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217: 546-553.
34. Baudier, J., C. Delphin, D. Grunwald, S. Khochbin, and J. J. Lawrence. 1992. Characterization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 as a protein kinase C substrate and a S100b-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 11627-11631.
35. Li, L., J. Zhou, G. James, R. Heller-Harrison, M. P. Czech, and E. N. Olson. 1992. FGF inactivates myogenin helix-loop-helix protein through phophorylation of a conserved protein kinase C site in their DNA binding domains. Cell. 71: 1181-1194.
36. Egan, S. E., and R. A. Weinberg. 1993. The pathway to signal achievement. Nature. 365: 781-783.
37. Kolch, W., G. Heidecker, G. Kochs, R. Hummel, H. Vahidi, H. Mischak, and G. Feikenceller. 1993. Protein kinase Ca activates raf-1 by direct phosphorylation. Nature. 364: 249-251.
38. Denhardt, D. T. 1996. Signal-transducing protein phosphorylation cascades mediated by Ras/Rho proteins in the mammalian cell: the potential for multiplex signalling. Biochem. J. 318: 729-747.
39. Chuang, C. F., and S. Y. Ng. 1994. Functional divergence of the MAP kinase pathway. ERK1 and ERK2 activate specific transcription factors. FEBS Lett. 346: 229-234.
40. Wang, X., N. G. Zelenski, J. Yang, J. Sakai, M. S. Brown, and J. L. Goldstein. 1996. Cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) by CPP32 during apoptosis. EMRO J. 15: 1012-1020.
41. Lloyd, D. B., and J. F. Thompson. 1995. Transcriptional modulators affect in vivo protein binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase promoters. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 25812-25818.
42. Oliner, J. D., J. M. Andersen, S. K. Hansen, S. Zhou, and R. Tjian. 1996. SREBP transcriptional activity is mediated through an interaction with the GREB-binding protein. Genes & Dev. 10: 2903-2911.
43. Guam, G., G. Jiang, R. L. Koch, and I. Shechter. 1995. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the promoter of the human squalene synthase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 21958-21965.
44. Divecha, N., H. Banfic, and R. F. Irvine. 1991. The polyphosphoinositide cycle exists in the nuclei of Swiss 3T3 cells under the control of a receptor (for IGF-1) in the plasma membrane, and stimulation of the cycle increases nuclear diacylglycerol and apparently induces translocation of protein kinase C to nucleus. EMBO J. 10: 3207-3214.
45. Haller, H., P. Quass, C. Lindschau, F. C. Luft, and A. Distler. 1994. Platelet-derived growth factor and angiotensin II induce different spatial distribution of protein kinase Ca and -β in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension . 23: 848-852.
46. Cambier, J. G., M. K. Newell, L. B. Justement, J. G. Mc-Guire, K. L. Leach, and Z. Z. Chen. 1987. Ia binding ligands and cAMP stimulate nuclear translocation of PRC in B lymphocytes. Nature. 327: 629-632.