Brain imaging studies of drug abuse: Therapeutic implications

Seminars in the Neurosciences

Volumn 9, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 120-130

  Ernst, Monique ^a   London, Edythe D ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain imaging; Human studies; Positron emission tomography; Single photon emission computed tomography; Substance abuse

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; CANNABIS; COCAINE; DIAZEPAM; LORAZEPAM; OPIATE;

ARTICLE; BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN FUNCTION; DRUG ABUSE; HUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 0030664589     PISSN: 10445765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/smns.1997.0112     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. 1. London, E. D., Broussolle, E. P. M., Links, J. M., Wong, D. F., Cascella, N. G., Dannals, R. F., Sano, M., Herning, R., Snyder, F. R., Rippetoe, L. R., Toung, T. J. K., Jaffe, J. H., and Wagner, H. N., Jr. (1990) Morphine-induced metabolic changes in human brain. Studies with positron emission tomography and [fluorine 18]fluorodeoxyglucose. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 47, 73-81.
2. 2. Walsh, S. L., Gilson, S. F., Jasinski, D. R., Stapleton, J. M., Phillips, R. L., Dannals, R. F., Schmidt, J., Preston, K. L., Grayson, R., Bigelow, G. E., Sullivan, J. T., Contoreggi, C., and London, E. D. (1994) Buprenorphine reduces cerebral glucose metabolism in polydrug abusers. Neuropsychopharmacology 10, 157-170.
3. 3. Hiller, J. M., Pearson, J., and Simon, E. J. (1973) Distribution of stereospecific binding of the potent narcotic analgesic etorphine in the human brain: Predominance in the limbic system. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol 6, 1052-1062.
4. 4. Kuhar, M. J., Pert, C. B., and Snyder, S. H. (1973) Regional distribution of opiate receptor binding in monkey and human brain. Nature 245, 447-450.
5. 5. Pfeiffer, A., Pasi, A., Mehraein, P., and Herz, A. (1982) Opiate receptor binding sites in human brain. Brain Res. 248, 87-96.
6. 6. Rothman, R. B., Ni, Q., and Xu, H. (1995) Buprenorphine: A review of the binding literature. In Buprenorphine: Combatting Drug Abuse with a Unique Opioid (A. Cowan, and J. W. Lewis, Eds.), pp. 19-29. Wiley-Liss, New York.
7. 7. Firestone, L., Gyulai, F., Mintun, M., Adler, L. J., Urso, K., and Winter, P. M. (1996) Human brain activity response to fentanyl imaged by positron emission tomography. Anesth. Analg. 82, 1247-1251.
8. 8. London, E. D., Cascella, N. G., Wong, D. F., Phillips, R. L., Dannals, R. F., Links, J. M., Herning, R., Grayson, R., Jaffe, J. H., and Wagner, H. N., Jr. (1990) Cocaine-induced reduction of glucose utilization in human brain. A study using positron emission tomography and [fluorine 18]-fluorodeoxyglucose. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 47, 567-574.
9. 9. Pearlson, G. D., Jeffery, P. J., Harris, G. J., Ross, C. A., Fischman, M. W., and Camargo, E. E. (1993) Correlation of acute cocaine-induced changes in local cerebral blood flow with subjective effects. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 495-497.
10. 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 40, 69-78.
11. 11. Volkow, N. D., Gillespie, H., Mullani, N., Tancredi, L., Grant, C., Valentine, A., and Hollister, L. (1996) Brain glucose metabolism in chronic marijuana users at baseline and during marijuana intoxication. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 67, 29-38.
12. 12. Herkenham, M., Lynn, A. B., Little, M. D., Johnson, R. M., Melvin, L. S., de Costa, B. N., and Rice, K. C. (1990) Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1932-1936.
13. 13. Volkow, N. D., Hitzemann, R., Wolf, A. P., Logan, J., Fowler, J. S., Christman, D., Dewey, S. L., Schlyer, D., Burr, G., Vitkun, S., and Hirschowitz, J. (1990) Acute effects of ethanol on regional brain glucose metabolism and transport. Psychiatry Res. 35, 39-48.
14. 14. Braestrup, C., Albrechtsen, R., and Squires, R. F. (1977) High densities of benzodiazapine receptors in human cortical areas. Nature 269, 702-704.
15. 15. Mohler, H., Okada, T., Heitz, P., and Ulrich, J. (1978) Biochemical identification of the site of action of benzodiazepines in human brain by 3H-diazepam binding. Life Sci. 22, 985-995.
16. 16. de Wit, H., Metz, J., and Cooper, M. (1990) The effects of 0.8 g/kg ethanol on cerebral metabolism and mood in normal volunteers. NIDA Res. Monogr. 95, 450.
17. 17. de Wit, H., Metz, J., and Cooper, M. (1991) Effects of ethanol, diazepam and amphetamines on cerebral metabolic rate: PET studies using FDG. NIDA Res. Monogr. 105, 61-67.
18. 18. Volkow, N. D., Wang, G-J., Begleiter, H., Hitzemann, R., Pappas, N., Burr, G., Pascani, K., Wong, C., Fowler, J. S., and Wolf, A. P. (1995) Regional brain metabolic response to lorazepam in subjects at risk for alcoholism. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 19, 510-516.
19. 19. Yokel, R. A. (1987) Intravenous self-administration: Response rates, the effects of pharmacological challenges, and drug preference. In Methods of Assessing the Reinforcing Properties of Abused Drugs (M. A. Bozarth, Ed.), pp. 1-33. Springer-Verlag, New York.
20. 20. Hoffmeister, F., and Wuttke, W. (1976) Psychotropic drugs as negative reinforcers. Pharmacol. Rev. 27, 419-428.
21. 21. London, E. D., Grant, S. J., Morgan, M. J., and Zukin, S. R. (1996) Neurobiology of drug abuse. In Neuropsychiatry (B. S. Fogel, R. B. Schiffer, and S. M. Rao, Eds.), pp. 635-678. William & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
22. 22. Lyness, W. H. (1983) Effect of L-tryptophan pretreatment on d-amphetamine self administration. Substance Alcohol Actions/ Misuse 4, 305-312.
23. 23. Yu, D. S. L., Smith, F. L., Smith, D. G., and Lyness, W. H. (1986) Fluoxetine-induced attenuation of amphetamine self-administration in rats. Life Sci. 39, 1383-1388.
24. 24. Leccese, A. P., and Lyness, W. H. (1984) The effects of putative 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor active agents on d-amphetamine self-administration in controls and rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine median forebrain bundle lesions. Brain Res. 303, 153-162.
25. 25. Zabik, J. E., Roache, J. D., Sidor, R., and Nash, J. F., Jr. (1982) The effects of fluoxetine on ethanol preference in the rat. Pharmacologist 24, 204.
26. 26. Carroll, M. E., Lac, S. T., Asencio, M., and Kragh, R. (1990) Fluoxetine reduces intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 35, 237-244.
27. 27. Rockman, G. E., Amit, Z., Bourque, C., Brown, Z. W., and Ögren, S. O. (1980) Reduction of voluntary morphine consumption following treatment with zimelidine. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 244, 124-129.
28. 28. Naranjo, C. A., Sellers, E. M., Roach, C. A., Woodley, D. V., Sanchez-Craig, M., and Sykora, K. (1984) Zimelidine-induced variations in ethanol intake in non-depressed drinkers. Clin. Pharmacol Ther. 35, 374-381.
29. 29. De Montis, M. G., Devoto, P., Meloni, D., Gambarana, C., Giorgi, G., and Tagliamonte, A. (1992) NMDA receptor inhibition prevents tolerance to cocaine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 42, 179-182.
30. 30. Ida, I., Asami, T., and Kuribara, H. (1995) Inhibition of cocaine sesitization by MK-801, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist: Evaluation by ambulatory activity in mice. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 69, 83-90.
31. 31. Haracz, J. L., Belanger, S. A., MacDonall, J. S., and Sircar, R. (1995) Antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors partially prevent the development of cocaine sensitization. Life Sci. 57, 2347-2357.
32. 32. Kim, H. S., Park, W. K., Jang, C. G., and Oh, S. (1996) Inhibition by MK-801 of cocaine-induced sensitization, conditioned place preference, and dopamine-receptor supersensitivity in mice. Brain Res. Bull. 40, 201-207.
33. 33. Malison, R. T., Best, S. E., Wallace, E. A., McCance, E., Laruelle, M., Zoghbi, S. S., Baldwin, R. M., Seibyl, J. S., Hoffer, P. B., Price, L. H., Kosten, T. R., and Innis, R. B. (195) Euphorigenic doses of cocaine reduce [123I]beta-CIT SPECT measures of dopamine transporter availability in human cocaine addicts. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 122, 358-362.
34. 34. Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Gatley, S. J., Fowler, J. S., Ding, Y. S., Logan, J., Hitzemann, R., Angrist, B., and Lieberman, J. (1996) Temporal relationships between the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate in the human brain and its behavioral and cardiovascular effects. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 123, 26-33.
35. 35. Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fischman, M. W., Foltin, R. W., Fowler, J. S., Abumrad, N. N., Vitkun, S., Logan, J., Gatley, S. J., Pappas, N., Hitzemann, R. J., and Shea, C. E. (1997) Relationship between subjective effects of cocaine and dopamine transporter occupancy. Nature 386, 827-833.
36. 36. van Dyck, C. H., Rosen, M. I., Thomas, M., McMahon, T. J., Wallace, E. A., O'Connor, P. G., Sullivan, M., Krystal, J. H., Hoffer, P. B., Woods, S. W., and Kosten, T. R. (1994) SPECT regional cerebral blood flow alterations in naltrexone precipitated withdrawal from buprenorphine. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 55, 181-191.
37. 37. Krystal, J. H., Woods, S. W., Kosten, T. R., Rosen, M. I., and Seibyl, J. P. (1995) Opiate dependence and withdrawal: Preliminary assessment using single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 21, 47-63.
38. 38. Fanelli, R. J., Szikszay, M., Jasinski, D. R., and London, E. D. (1987) Differential effects of μ and κ opioid analgesics on cerebral glucose utilization in the rat. Brain Res. 422, 257-266.
39. 39. Kimes, A. S., and London, E. D. (1989) Glucose utilization in the rat brain during chronic morphine treatment and naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 248, 538-545.
40. 40. Kimes, A. S., Bell, J. A., and London, E. D. (1990) Clonidine attenuates increased brain glucose metabolism during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. Neuroscience 34, 633-644.
41. 41. Wang, G. J., Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Abumrad, N. N., Hitzemann, R. J., Pappas, N. S., and Pascani, K. (1997) Dopamine D2 receptor availability in opiate-dependent subjects before and after naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 16, 174-182.
42. 42. Harris, G. C., and Aston-Jones, G. (1994) Involvement of D2 dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens in the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Nature 371, 155-157.
43. 43. Volkow, N. D., Mullani, N., Gould, K. L., Adler, S., and Krajewski, K. (1988) Cerebral blood flow in chronic cocaine users: A study with positron emission tomography. Br. J. Psychiatry 152, 641-648.
44. 44. Tumeh, S. S., Nagel, J. S., English, R. J., Moore, M., and Holman, B. L. (1990) Cerebral abnormalities in cocaine abusers: Demonstration by SPECT perfusion brain scintigraphy. Radiology 176, 821-824.
45. 45. Holman, B. L., Mendelson, J., Garada, B., Teoh, S. K., Hallgring, E., Johnson, K. A., and Mello, N. K. (1993) Regional cerebral blood flow improves with treatment in chronic cocaine polydrug users. J. Nucl. Med. Abstr. 34, 723-727.
46. 46. Levin, J. M., Mendelson, J. H., Holman, B. L., Teoh, S. K., Garada, B., Schwartz, R. B., and Mello, N. K. (1995) Improved regional cerebral blood flow in chronic cocaine polydrug users treated with buprenorphine. J. Nucl. Med. 36, 1211-1215.
47. 47. Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wolf, A. P., Hitzemann, R., Dewey, S., Bendriem, B., Alpert, R., and Hoff, A. (1991) Changes in brain glucose metabolism in cocaine dependence and withdrawal. Am. J. Psychiatry 148, 621-626.
48. 48. Volkow, N. D., Hitzemann, R., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Wolf, A. P., and Handlesman, L. (1992) Long-term frontal brain metabolic changes in cocaine abusers. Synapse 11, 184-190.
49. 49. Stapleton, J. M., Morgan, M. J., Phillips, R. L., Wong, D. F., Yung, B. C. K., Shaya, E. K., Dannals, R. F., Liu, X., Grayson, R. L., and London, E. D. (1995) Cerebral glucose utilization in polysubstance abuse. Neuropsychopharmacology 13, 21-31.
50. 50. Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G. J., Hitzemann, R., Logan, J., Schlyer, D. J., Dewey, S. L., and Wolf, A. P. (1993) Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers. Synapse 14, 169-177.
51. 51. Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Hitzemannn, R., Gatley, S. J., MacGregor, R. R., and Wolf, A. P. (1996) Cocaine uptake is decreased in the brain of detoxified cocaine abusers. Neuropsychopharmacology 14, 159-168.
52. 52. Zubieta, J. K., Gorelick, D. A., Stauffer, R., Ravert, H. T., Dannals, R. F., and Frost, J. J. (1996) Increased mu opioid receptor binding detected by PET in cocaine-dependent men is associated with cocaine craving. Nature Med. 2, 1225-1229.
53. 53. Grant, S., London, E. D., Newlin, D. B., Villemagne, V. L., Liu, X., Contoreggi, C., Phillips, R. L., Kimes, A. S., and Margolin, A. (1996) Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 12040-12045.
54. 54. Knowlton, B. J., and Squire, L. R. (1995) Memory, hippocampus, and brain systems. In The Cognitive Neurosciences (M. S. Gazzaniga, Ed.), pp. 825-837. MIT Press, Cambridge.
55. 55. Desimone, R., Miller, E. K., Chelazzi, L., and Lueschow, A. (1995) A multiple memory systems in the visual cortex. In The Cognitive Neurosciences (M. S. Gazzaniga, Ed.), pp. 475-490. MIT Press, Cambridge.
56. 56. Buckner, R. L., and Tulving, E. (1995) Handbook of Neuropsychology. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
57. 57. Grafton, S. T. (1995) Mapping memory systems in the human brain. Semin. Neurosci. 7, 157-163.
58. 58. Ungerleider, L. G. (1995) Functional brain imaging studies of cortical mechanisms for memory. Science 270, 769-775.
59. 59. Brewer, C., and Mathew, K. (1989) Naloxone and opiate addiction. Lancet 2, 683-684.
60. 60. Glowa, J. R., Fantegrossi, W. E., Lewis, D. B., Matecka, D., Rice, K. C., Rothman, R. B. (1996) Sustained decrease in cocaine-maintained responding in rhesus monkeys with 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]4-(3-hydroxy-3-phenylproplylpiperazinyl decanoate, a long-acting ester derivative of GBR 12909. J. Med. Chem. 39, 4689-4691.
61. 61. Tiffany, C. W., Olkowski, J. L., Tays, K. L., Maclin,. M., Jackson, P. F., and Slusher, B. S. (1996) Characterization of drugs which discriminate between uptake and ligand binding sites at the dopamine transporter protein. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 369.
62. 62. Fox, B. S., Kantak, K. M., Edwards, M. A., Black, K. M., Bollinger, B. K., Botka, A. J., French, T. L., Thompson, T. L., Schad, V. C., Greenstein, J. L., Gefter, M. L., Exley, M. A., Swain, P. A., and Briner, T. J. (1996) Efficacy of a therapeutic cocaine vaccine in rodent models. Nature Med. 2, 1129-1132.
63. 63. Landry, D. W. (1997) Immunotherapy for cocaine addiction. Sci. Am. 276, 42-45.
64. 64. Gonzalez, J. P., and Brogden, R. N. (1988) Naltrexone: A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of opioid dependence. Drugs 35, 192-213.
65. 65. Musselman, D., and Kell, M. (1995) Prevalence and improvement in psychopathology in opioid dependent patients participation in methadone maintenance. J. Addict. Dis. 14, 67-82.