Control of B cell development by Ras-mediated activation of Raf

EMBO Journal

Volumn 16, Issue 23, 1997, Pages 7019-7031

  Iritani, Brian M ^a   Forbush, Katherine A ^a,b   Farrar, Michael A ^a   Perlmutter, Roger M ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

B cell development; Raf; Ras; Transgenic mice

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN P21; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE; RAF PROTEIN; RAS PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CONTROLLED STUDY; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE RAS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROLYMPHOCYTE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

EID: 0030664126     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.23.7019     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Adari, H., Lowy, D.R., Willumsen, B.M., Der, C.J. and McCormick, F. (1988) Guanosine triphosphatase activating protein (GAP) interacts with the p21 ras effector binding domain. Science, 240, 518-521.
2. Alberola-Ila, J., Forbush, K.A., Seger, R., Krebs, E.G. and Perlmutter, R.M. (1995) Selective requirement for MAP kinase activation in thymocyte differentiation. Nature, 373, 620-623.
3. Alberola-Ila, J., Hogquist, K.A., Swan, K.A., Bevan, M.J. and Perlmutter, R.M. (1996) Positive and negative selection invoke distinct signaling pathways. J. Exp. Med., 184, 9-18.
4. Alexanders, W.S., Schrader, J.W. and Adams, J.M. (1987) Expression of the c-myc oncogene under control of an immunoglobulin enhancer in E mu-myc transgenic mice. Mol. Cell. Biol., 7, 1436-1444.
5. Allen, J.M., Forbush, K.A. and Perlmutter, R.M. (1992) Functional dissection of the lck proximal promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol., 12, 2758-2768.
6. T in interleukin-5 receptor signaling. J. Exp. Med., 182, 811-820.
7. Bain, G. et al. (1994) E2A proteins are required for proper B cell development and initiation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. Cell, 79, 885-892.
8. Baker, D.A., Maher, J., Roberts, I.A. and Dibb, N.J. (1994) Evidence that ras and myc mediate the synergy between SCF or M-CSF and other haemopoietic growth factors. Leukemia, 8, 1970-1981.
9. Baldari, C.T., Heguy, A. and Telford, J.L. (1993) Ras protein activity is essential for T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 2693-2698.
10. Bradford, A.P., Conrad, K.E., Wasylyk, C., Wasylyk, B. and Gutierrez-Hartmann, A. (1995) Functional interaction of c-Ets-1 and GHF-1/Pit-1 mediates ras activation of pituitary-specific gene expression: mapping of the essential c-Ets-1 domain. Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 2849-2857.
11. Brasel, K., McKenna, H.J., Morissey, P.J., Charrier, K., Morris, A.E., Lee, C.C., Williams, D.E. and Lyman, S.D. (1996) Hematologic effects of flt3 ligand in vivo in mice. Blood, 88, 2004-2012.
12. Cahill, M.A., Janknecht, R. and Nordheim, A. (1996) Signalling pathways: jack of all cascades. Curr. Biol., 6, 16-19.
13. Cales, C., Hancock, J.F., Marshall, C.J. and Hall, A. (1988) The cytoplasmic protein GAP is implicated as the target for regulation by the ras gene product. Nature, 332, 548-551.
14. Cao, X. et al. (1995) Detective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. Immunity, 2, 223-238.
15. Chaffin, K.E., Beals, C.R., Wilkie, T.M., Forbush, K.A., Simon, M.I. and Perlmutter, R.M. (1990) Dissection of thymocyte signaling pathways by in vivo expression of pertussis toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase. EMBO J., 9, 3821-3829.
16. Chen, S.Y., Huff, S.Y., Lai, C.C., Der, C.J. and Powers, S. (1994) Ras-15A protein shares highly similar dominant-negative biological properties with Ras-17N and forms a stable, guanine-nucleotide resistant complex with CDC25 exchange factor. Oncogene, 9, 2691-2698.
17. fyn). Cell, 65, 281-291.
18. Cumano, A. and Paige, C.J. (1992) Enrichment and characterization of uncommitted B-cell precursors from fetal liver at day 12 of gestation. EMBO J., 11, 593-601.
19. David, M., Petricoin, III, Benjamin, C., Pine, R., Weber, M.J. and Larner, A.C. (1995) Requirement for MAP kinase (ERK2) activity in Interferon α-and Interferon β-stimulated gene expression through STAT proteins. Science, 269, 1721-1723.
20. ras in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. Nature, 357, 602-604.
21. Dickson, B. (1995) Nuclear factors in sevenless signalling. Trends. Genet., 11, 106-111.
22. ras GTPase-activating protein. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 89, 1587-1591.
23. Eisenmann, D.M. and Kim, S.K. (1994) Signal transduction and cell fate specification during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 4, 508-516.
24. Furth, M.E., Aldrich, T.H. and Cordon-Cardo, C. (1987) Expression of ras proto-oncogene proteins in normal human tissues. Oncogene, 1, 47-58.
25. Garvin, A.M., Abraham, K.M., Forbush, K.A., Farr, A.G., Davison, B.L. and Perlmutter, R.M. (1990) Disruption of thymocyte development and lymphomagenesis induced by SV40 T-antigen. Int. Immunol. 2, 173-180.
26. Gong, S. and Nussenzweig, M.C. (1996) Regulation of an early developmental checkpoint in the B cell pathway by Igβ. Science, 272, 411-414.
27. Grabstein, K.H., Waldschmidt, T.J., Finkelman, F.D., Hess, B.W., Alpert, A.R., Boiani, N.E., Namen, A.E. and Morrissey, P.J. (1993) Inhibition of murine B and T lymphopoiesis in vivo by an anti-interleukin 7 monoclonal antibody. J. Exp. Med., 178, 257-264.
28. Graziadei, L., Riabowol, K. and Bar-Sagi, D. (1990) Co-capping of ras proteins with surface immunoglobulins in B lymphocytes. Nature, 347, 396-400.
29. csk, a regulatory protein tyrosine kinase. J. Exp. Med., 181, 463-473.
30. Guerrero, I., Villasante, A., D'Eustachio, P. and Pellicer, A. (1984) Isolation, characterization and chromosome assignment of mouse N-ras gene from carcinogen-induced thymic lymphoma. Science, 225, 1041-1043.
31. Guerrero, I., Villasante, A., Corces, V. and Pellicer, A. (1985) Loss of the normal N-ras allele in a mouse thymic lymphoma induced by a chemical carcinogen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 7810-7814.
32. Hagman, J. and Grosschedl, R. (1994) Regulation of gene expression at early stages of B-cell differentiation. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 6, 222-230.
33. Hardy, R.R., Carmack, C.E., Shinton, S.A., Kemp, J.D. and Hayakawa, K. (1991) Resolution and characterization of Pro-B and Pre-Pro-B cell stages in normal mouse bone and marrow. J. Exp. Med., 173, 1213-1225.
34. 5+ B cells. Immunol. Rev., 137, 91-118.
35. Harwood, A.E. and Cambier, J.C. (1993) B cell antigen receptor cross-linking triggers rapid protein kinase C independent activation of p21ras1. J. Immunol., 151, 4513-4522.
36. Hofer, F., Fields, S., Schneider, C. and Martin, G.S. (1994) Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 11089-11093.
37. Howe, L.R., Leevers, S.J., Gomez, N., Nakielny, S., Cohen, P. and Marshall, C.J. (1992) Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by the protein kinase raf. Cell, 71, 335-342.
38. Hunte, B.E., Hudak, S., Campbell, D., Xu, Y. and Rennick.D. (1995) flk2/ flt3 ligand is a potent cofactor for the growth of primitive B cell progenitors. J. Immunol. 156, 489-496.
39. Jin, D.I., Jameson, S.B., Reddy, M.A., Schenkman, D. and Ostrowski, M.C. (1995) Alterations in differentiation and behavior of monocytic phagocytes in transgenic mice that express dominant supressors of ras signaling. Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 693-703.
40. Kantor, A.B. and Herzenberg, L. A. (1993) Origin of murine B cell lineage. Ann. Rev. Immunol., 11, 501-538.
41. Karasuyama, H., Rolink, A. and Melchers, F. (1996) Surrogate light chain in B cell development. Adv. Immunol., 63, 1-41.
42. Kitamura, D., Roes, J., Kahn, R. and Rajewsky, K. (1991) A B cell-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin mu chain gene. Nature, 350, 423-426.
43. Kyriakis, J.M., App, H., Zhang, X., Banerjee, P., Brautigan, D.L., Rapp, U.R. and Avruch, J. (1992) Raf-1 activates MAP kinase-kinase. Nature, 358, 417-421.
44. Langer, S.J., Bortner, D.M., Roussel, M.F., Sherr, C.J. and Ostrowski, M.C. (1992) Mitogenic signaling by colony-stimulating factor 1 and ras is suppressed by the ets-2 DNA binding domain and restored by myc overexpression. Mol. Cell. Biol., 12, 5355-5362.
45. ras and ras.GAP signaling pathway. J. Exp. Med., 178, 1765-1769.
46. Leevers, S.J., Paterson, H.F. and Marshall, C.J. (1994) Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature, 369, 411-414.
47. Lemoine, N. (1990) Molecular biology of cancer genes. Shuyser, M. (ed.), Prentice Hall, New York, pp. 82-118.
48. Leon, J., Guerrero, I. and Pellicer, A. (1987) Differential expression of the ras gene family in mice. Mol. Cell. Biol., 7, 1535-1540.
49. Li, Y., Hayakawa, S.K. and Hardy, R.R. (1993) The regulated expression of B lineage associated genes during B cell differentiation in bone marrow and fetal liver. J. Exp. Med., 178, 951
50. Li, Y.S., Wasserman, R., Hayakawa, K. and Hardy, R.R. (1996) Identification of the earliest B lineage stage in mouse bone marrow. Immunity, 5, 527-535.
51. Lin, H. and Grosschedl, R. (1995) Failure of B-cell differentiation in mice lacking the transcription factor EBF. Nature, 376, 263-267.
52. Marais, R., Light, Y. Paterson, H.F. and Marshall, C.J. (1995) Ras recruits Raf-1 to the plasma membrane for activation by tyrosine phosphorylation. EMBO J., 14, 3136-3145.
53. McKercher, S.R. et al. (1996) Targeted disruption of the PU.1 gene results in multiple hematopoietic abnormalities. EMBO J., 15, 5647-5658.
54. ras. Mol. Cell Biol., 13, 155-162.
55. Melchers, F., Haasner, D., Grawunder, U., Kalberer, C., Karasuyama, H., Winkler, T. and Rolink, A.G. (1994) Roles of IgH and L chains and of surrogate H and L chains in the development of cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12, 209-225.
56. Mishell, B.B. and Shiigi, S.M. (1980) Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA.
57. Mombaerts, P. (1995) Lymphocyte development and function in T-cell receptor and RAG-1 mutant mice. Int. Rev. Immunol., 13, 43-63.
58. Mombaerts, P. et al. (1992) Mutations in the T-cell antigen receptor genes α and β block thymocyte development at different stages. Nature, 360, 225-231.
59. Moodie, S.A., Willumsen, B.M., Weber, M.J. and Wolfman, A. (1993) Complexes of Ras-GTP with Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Science, 260, 1658-1661.
60. Nagasawa, T., Kikutani, H. and Kishimoto, T. (1994) Molecular cloning and structure of a pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 2305-2309.
61. Nagasawa, T. et al. (1996) Defects of B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone-marrow myelopoiesis in mice lacking the CXC chemokine PBSF/ SDF-1. Nature, 382, 635-638.
62. Nemazee, D. (1996) Can receptor editing play an important role in normal B-cell development? J. Autoimmun., 9, 259-261.
63. Nosaka, T. et al. (1995) Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking Jak3. Science, 270, 800-802.
64. O'Shea, C.C. Crompton, T., Rosewell, I.R., Hayday, A.C. and Owen, M.J. (1996) Raf regulates positive selection. Eur. J. Immunol., 26, 2350-2355.
65. Osmond, D.G., Rico-Vargas, S., Valenzona, H., Fauteux, L., Lui, L., Janani, R., Lu, L. and Jacobsen, K. (1994) Apoptosis and macrophage-mediated cell deletion in the regulation of B lymphopoiesis in mouse bone marrow. Immunol. Rev., 142, 209
66. Park, S.Y. et al. (1995) Development defects of lymphoid cells in Jak3 kinase-deficient mice. Immunity, 3, 771-782.
67. ras during T-cell activation and growth. Immunol. Today, 16, 159-164.
68. Perlmutter, R.M. and Alberola-Ila, J. (1996) The use of dominant-negative mutations to elucidate signal transduction pathways in lymphocytes. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 8, 285-290.
69. Peschon, J.J. et al. (1994) Early lymphocyte expansion is severely impaired in interleukin-7 receptor deficient mice. J. Exp. Med. 180, 1955-1960.
70. Prendergast, G.C., Khosravi Far, R., Solski, P.A., Kurzawa, H., Lebowitz, P.F. and Der, C.J. (1995) Critical role of Rho in cell transformation by oncogenic Ras. Oncogene, 10, 2289-2296.
71. ras in receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1198, 131-147.
72. Qiu, R., Chen, J., Kirn, D., McCormick, F. and Symons, M. (1995) An essential role for Rac in Ras transformation. Nature, 374, 457-459.
73. ras mediates control of IL-2 gene promoter function in T cell activation. EMBO J., 11, 4549-1556.
74. Rodewald, H., Ogawa, M. Haller, C., Waskow, C. and DiSanto, J.P. (1997) Pro-thymocyte expansion by c-kit and the common cytokine receptor gamma chain is essential for repertoire formation. Immunity, 6, 265-272.
75. Rodriquez-Viciana, P., Warne, P.H., Dhand, R., Vanhaesebroeck, B., Gout, I., Fry, M.J., Waterfield, M.D. and Downward, J. (1994) Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase as a direct target of Ras. Nature, 370, 527-532.
76. c chains with Jak1 and Jak3: Implications for XSCID and XCID. Science, 266, 1042-1045.
77. Scharff, M.D., Poltoratsky, V. and Green, N.S. (1997) The promotion of V region hypermutation. J. Exp. Med., 185, 185-188.
78. Schlessinger, J. (1994) SH2/SH3 signaling proteins. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 4, 25-30.
79. Schweighoffer, F., Cai, H., Chevallier Multon, M.C., Fath, I., Cooper, G. and Tocque, B. (1993) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SDC25 C-domain gene product overcomes the dominant inhibitory activity of Ha-Ras Asn-17. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 39-43.
80. Seger, R. et al. (1994) Over-expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) and its mutants in NIH-3T3 cells: Evidence that MAPKK's involvement in cellular proliferation is regulated by phosphorylation of serine residues in its kinase subdomains VII and VIII. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 25699-25709.
81. Shinkai, Y. et al. (1992) RAG-2-deficient mice lack mature lymphocytes owing to inability to initiate V(D)J rearrangement. Cell, 68, 855-867.
82. Stokoe, D., Macdonald, S.G., Cadwallader, K., Symons, M. and Hancock, J.F. (1994) Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane. Science, 264, 1463-1467.
83. Sudo, T., Nishikawa, S., Ohno, N., Akiyama, N., Tamakoshi, M. and Yoshida, H. (1993) Expression and function of the interleukin 7 receptor in murine lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 9125-9129.
84. Sun, X.H. (1994) Constitutive expression of the Id1 gene impairs mouse B cell development. Cell, 79, 893-900.
85. ras distinguishes positive and negative selection in thymocytes. EMBO J., 14, 276-285.
86. Szeberenyi, J., Cai, H. and Cooper, G.M. (1990) Effect of a dominant inhibitory Ha-ras mutation of neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 5324-5332.
87. Takeda, S., Shimizu, T. and Rodewald, H. (1997) Interactions between c-kit and stem cell factor are not required for B-cell development in vivo. Blood, 89, 518-525.
88. Thomis, D.C., Gurniak, C.B., Tivol, E., Sharpe, A.H. and Berg, L.J. (1995) Defects in B lymphocyte maturation and T lymphocyte activation in mice lacking Jak3. Science, 270, 794-797.
89. Umanoff, H., Edelmann, W., Pellicer, A. and Kucherlapati, R. (1995) The murine N-ras gene is not essential for growth and development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 1709-1713.
90. Urbanek, P., Wang, Z.Q., Fetka, I., Wagner, E.F. and Busslinger, M. (1994) Complete block of early B cell differentiation and altered patterning of the posterior midbrain in mice lacking Pax5/BSAP. Cell, 79, 901-912.
91. ras by G protein-coupled receptor agonists in fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 1257-1261.
92. Veiby, O.P., Lyman, S.D. and Jacobsen, S.E.W. (1996) Combined signaling through interleukin-7 receptors and flt3 but not c-kit potently and selectively promotes B-cell commitment and differentiation from uncommitted murine bone marrow progenitor cells. Blood, 88, 1256-1265.
93. Vojtek, A.B., Hollenberg, S.M. and Cooper, J.A. (1993) Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf. Cell, 74, 205-214.
94. Warne, P.H., Viciana, P.R. and Downward, J. (1993) Direct interaction of Ras and the amino-terminal region of Raf-1 in vitro. Nature, 364, 352-355.
95. Wassarman, D.A., Therrien, M. and Rubin, G.M. (1995) The Ras signaling pathway in Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Gen. Dev., 5, 44-50.
96. Wasylyk, B., Hahn, S.L. and Giovane, A. (1993) The Ets family of transcription factors. Eur. J. Biochem., 211, 7-18.
97. Wasylyk, C., Maira, S., Sobieszczuk, P. and Wasylyk, B. (1994) Reversion of Ras transformed cells by Ets transdominant mutants. Oncogene, 9, 3665-3673.
98. Weiss, A. and Littman, D.R. (1994) Signal transduction by lymphocyte antigen receptors. Cell, 76, 263-274.
99. Wen, Z., Zhong, Z. and Darnell, E., Jr (1995) Maximal activation of transcription by Stat1 and Stat3 requires both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. Cell, 82, 241-250.
100. Wildin, R.S. et al. (1991) Developmental regulation of lck gene expression in T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med., 173, 383-393.
101. ras function is important for T cell antigen receptor and protein kinase C regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells. J. Immunol., 150, 3853-3861.
102. ras proteins bind to the amino-terminal regulatory domain of c-Raf-1. Nature, 364, 308-313.
103. Zhang, X., Blenis, J., Li, H.C., Schindler, C. and Chen-Kiang, S. (1995) Requirement of serine phosphorylation for formation of STAT-promoter complexes. Science, 267, 1990-1994.
104. Zheng, B., Xue, W. and Kelsoe, G. (1994) Locus-specific somatic hypermutation in germinal centre T cells. Nature, 372, 556-559.
105. Zhuang, Y., Soriano, P. and Weintraub, H. (1994) The helix-loop-helix gene E2A is required for B cell formation. Cell, 79, 875-884.
106. Zhuang, Y., Cheng, P. and Weintraub, H. (1996) B-lymphocyte development is regulated by the combined dosage of three basic helix-loop-helix genes. E2A, E2-2, and HEB. Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 2898-2905.