메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 357-361

Combination therapies against HIV-1 infection: Exploring the concept of combining antiretroviral drug treatments with HIV-1 immune-based therapies in asymptomatic individuals

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 2; RANTES; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 0030468554     PISSN: 08935068     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/apc.1996.10.357     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (3)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 10144226387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral load, CD4 percentage and delayed-type hypersensitivity in subjects receiving the HIV-1 Immunogen and antiviral drug therapy
    • Moss, R.B., Ferre, F., Levine, A., et al. Viral load, CD4 percentage and delayed-type hypersensitivity in subjects receiving the HIV-1 Immunogen and antiviral drug therapy. J Clin Immun 16:266-271, 1996.
    • (1996) J Clin Immun , vol.16 , pp. 266-271
    • Moss, R.B.1    Ferre, F.2    Levine, A.3
  • 2
    • 0025238899 scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine in asymptomatic HIV infection - A controlled trial in persons with fewer than 500 CD4+ cells per cubic millimeter
    • Volberding, P.A., Lagakos, S.W., Koch, M.A., et al. Zidovudine in asymptomatic HIV infection - a controlled trial in persons with fewer than 500 CD4+ cells per cubic millimeter. N Engl J Med 322:941-949, 1990.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 941-949
    • Volberding, P.A.1    Lagakos, S.W.2    Koch, M.A.3
  • 3
    • 0028049465 scopus 로고
    • The duration of zidovudine benefit in persons with asymptomatic HTV infection: Prolonged evaluation of protocol 019 of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group
    • Volberding, P.A., Lagakos, S.W., Grimes, J.M., et al. The duration of zidovudine benefit in persons with asymptomatic HTV infection: prolonged evaluation of protocol 019 of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. JAMA 272:437-442, 1994.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 437-442
    • Volberding, P.A.1    Lagakos, S.W.2    Grimes, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 0028344275 scopus 로고
    • Concorde: MRC/ANRS randomised double-blind controlled trial of immediate and deferred zi- Dovudine in symptom-free HIV infection
    • Concorde Coordinating Committee. Concorde: MRC/ANRS randomised double-blind controlled trial of immediate and deferred zi- dovudine in symptom-free HIV infection. Lancet 343:871-881, 1994.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 871-881
  • 5
    • 0029099154 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of immediate with deferred zidovudine therapy for asymptomatic HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts of 500 or more per cubic millimeter
    • Volberding, P.A., Lagakos, S.W., Grimes, J.M., et al. A comparison of immediate with deferred zidovudine therapy for asymptomatic HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts of 500 or more per cubic millimeter. N Engl J Med 333:401-407, 1995.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 401-407
    • Volberding, P.A.1    Lagakos, S.W.2    Grimes, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 0029097463 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of zidovudine in primary HIV infection
    • Kinloch-de Loës, S., Hirschel, B.J., Hoen, B., et al. A controlled trial of zidovudine in primary HIV infection. N Engl J Med 333:408-413, 1995.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 408-413
    • Kinloch-de Loës, S.1    Hirschel, B.J.2    Hoen, B.3
  • 7
    • 0029095483 scopus 로고
    • Time to hit HIV, early and hard
    • Ho, D.D. Time to hit HIV, early and hard. N Engl J Med 333:450-451, 1995.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 450-451
    • Ho, D.D.1
  • 8
    • 0345334246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1996
    • Carpenter, C.C.J., Fischl, M.A., Hammer, S.M., et al. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1996. JAMA 276:146-154, 1996.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 146-154
    • Carpenter, C.C.J.1    Fischl, M.A.2    Hammer, S.M.3
  • 9
    • 0028936656 scopus 로고
    • New virologic tools for the design and analysis of clinical trials
    • Shafer, R.W., Merigan, T.C. New virologic tools for the design and analysis of clinical trials. J Inf Dis 171:1325-1328, 1995. Shafer, R.W., Merigan, T.C. HIV virology for clinical trial. ATDS 9:(suppl A), 1995.
    • (1995) J Inf Dis , vol.171 , pp. 1325-1328
    • Shafer, R.W.1    Merigan, T.C.2
  • 10
    • 0029434898 scopus 로고
    • HIV virology for clinical trial
    • Shafer, R.W., Merigan, T.C. New virologic tools for the design and analysis of clinical trials. J Inf Dis 171:1325-1328, 1995. Shafer, R.W., Merigan, T.C. HIV virology for clinical trial. ATDS 9:(suppl A), 1995.
    • (1995) ATDS , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. A
    • Shafer, R.W.1    Merigan, T.C.2
  • 11
    • 0344591061 scopus 로고
    • Development of antiretroviral therapy for AIDS and related disorders
    • Broder, S., Merigan T, Bolognesi, D., eds., Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins
    • Mitsuya, H., Yarchoan, R. Development of antiretroviral therapy for AIDS and related disorders. In Broder, S., Merigan T, Bolognesi, D., eds., Textbook of AIDS Medicine. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins. 721-742, 1994.
    • (1994) Textbook of AIDS Medicine , pp. 721-742
    • Mitsuya, H.1    Yarchoan, R.2
  • 12
    • 0028990381 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs
    • Lewis, W., Dalakas, M.C. Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs. Nature Med 5:417-422, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature Med , vol.5 , pp. 417-422
    • Lewis, W.1    Dalakas, M.C.2
  • 14
    • 0028846165 scopus 로고
    • A shortterm study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease
    • Danner, S., Carr, A., Leonard, J., et al. A shortterm study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. N Engl J Med 333:1528-1533, 1995.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1528-1533
    • Danner, S.1    Carr, A.2    Leonard, J.3
  • 15
    • 0028806725 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, to treat HIV-1 infection
    • Markowitz, M., Saag, M., Powderly, W., et al. A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, to treat HIV-1 infection. N Eng J Med 333:1534-1539, 1995.
    • (1995) N Eng J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1534-1539
    • Markowitz, M.1    Saag, M.2    Powderly, W.3
  • 16
    • 0028943992 scopus 로고
    • In vivo emergence of HIV-1 variants resistant to multiple protease inhibitors
    • Condra, J. H., Schleif, W., Blahy, P.M., et al. In vivo emergence of HIV-1 variants resistant to multiple protease inhibitors. Nature 374:569-571, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 569-571
    • Condra, J.H.1    Schleif, W.2    Blahy, P.M.3
  • 17
    • 0023256678 scopus 로고
    • Prospects for the control of AIDS by immunizing seropositive individuals
    • Salk, J. Prospects for the control of AIDS by immunizing seropositive individuals. Nature 327:473-476, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.327 , pp. 473-476
    • Salk, J.1
  • 18
    • 0027195154 scopus 로고
    • Chal lenges in the therapy of HFV infection
    • Yarchoan, R., Mitsuya, H., Broder, S. Chal lenges in the therapy of HFV infection. Immunology Today 6:303-309, 1993.
    • (1993) Immunology Today , vol.6 , pp. 303-309
    • Yarchoan, R.1    Mitsuya, H.2    Broder, S.3
  • 19
    • 8044248290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of T cell repopulation and restoration of T cell function during therapy with different antiretrovirais
    • Vancouver, British Columbia, July 7-12, Abstr. We.B.291
    • Pakker, N.G., Roos, M.T.L., Jong de, M., et al. Analyses of T cell repopulation and restoration of T cell function during therapy with different antiretrovirais. XI International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, July 7-12, 1996, Abstr. We.B.291.
    • (1996) XI International Conference on AIDS
    • Pakker, N.G.1    Roos, M.T.L.2    Jong de, M.3
  • 20
    • 0026547686 scopus 로고
    • Status of immunebased therapies in HIV infection and AIDS
    • Fahey, J.L., Schooley, R. Status of immunebased therapies in HIV infection and AIDS. Clin Exp Immunol 88:1-5, 1992.
    • (1992) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.88 , pp. 1-5
    • Fahey, J.L.1    Schooley, R.2
  • 21
    • 0003327851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a Phase II double-blinded, multicenter, placebo controlled HIV therapeutic vaccine trial
    • Vancouver, British Columbia, July 7-12, Abstr. Tu.A.275
    • Birx, D.L., Davis, C., Ruiz, N., et al. Results of a Phase II double-blinded, multicenter, placebo controlled HIV therapeutic vaccine trial. XI International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, July 7-12, 1996, Abstr. Tu.A.275.
    • (1996) XI International Conference on AIDS
    • Birx, D.L.1    Davis, C.2    Ruiz, N.3
  • 22
    • 0028912032 scopus 로고
    • Increases in CD4 T lymphocytes with intermittent courses of interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Kovacs, J.A., Baseler, M., Dewar, R.J., et al. Increases in CD4 T lymphocytes with intermittent courses of interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 332:567-575, 1995.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 567-575
    • Kovacs, J.A.1    Baseler, M.2    Dewar, R.J.3
  • 24
    • 0029031796 scopus 로고
    • In vitro T cell function, delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing, and CD4+ T cell subset phenotyping independently predict survival time in patients infected with HIV
    • Dolan, M.J., Clerici, M., Blatt, S.P., et al. In vitro T cell function, delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing, and CD4+ T cell subset phenotyping independently predict survival time in patients infected with HIV. J Inf Dis 172:79-87, 1995.
    • (1995) J Inf Dis , vol.172 , pp. 79-87
    • Dolan, M.J.1    Clerici, M.2    Blatt, S.P.3
  • 25
    • 0027410290 scopus 로고
    • Cell-mediated immunity to HIV-1 in Walter Reed stages 1-6 individuals: Correlation with virus burden
    • Trauger, R.J., Giermakowska, W.K., Ferre, F., et al. Cell-mediated immunity to HIV-1 in Walter Reed stages 1-6 individuals: correlation with virus burden. Immunology 78:611-615, 1993.
    • (1993) Immunology , vol.78 , pp. 611-615
    • Trauger, R.J.1    Giermakowska, W.K.2    Ferre, F.3
  • 26
    • 0027490543 scopus 로고
    • Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing predicts progression to AIDS in HIV-infected patients
    • Blatt, S.P., Hendrix, C.W., Butzin, C.A., et al. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing predicts progression to AIDS in HIV-infected patients. Ann Intern Med 119:177-184, 1993.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 177-184
    • Blatt, S.P.1    Hendrix, C.W.2    Butzin, C.A.3
  • 27
    • 0027361830 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic utility of delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing in the evaluation of HIV-infected patients
    • Birx, D.L., Brundage, J., Larson, K., et al. The prognostic utility of delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing in the evaluation of HIV-infected patients. J AIDS 6:1248-1257, 1993.
    • (1993) J AIDS , vol.6 , pp. 1248-1257
    • Birx, D.L.1    Brundage, J.2    Larson, K.3
  • 28
    • 0028344909 scopus 로고
    • Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests are an independent predictor of HIV disease progression
    • Gordin, F.M., Hartigan, P.M., Klimas, N.G., et al. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests are an independent predictor of HIV disease progression. J Inf Dis 169:893-897, 1994.
    • (1994) J Inf Dis , vol.169 , pp. 893-897
    • Gordin, F.M.1    Hartigan, P.M.2    Klimas, N.G.3
  • 29
    • 0027932801 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 immunogen induction of HTV-1-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity: Results of a double-blind, adjuvant-controlled, dose-ranging trial
    • Turner, J.L., Trauger, R.J., Daigle, A.E., et al. HIV-1 immunogen induction of HTV-1-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity: results of a double-blind, adjuvant-controlled, dose-ranging trial. AIDS 8:1429-1435, 1994.
    • (1994) AIDS , vol.8 , pp. 1429-1435
    • Turner, J.L.1    Trauger, R.J.2    Daigle, A.E.3
  • 30
    • 0028580142 scopus 로고
    • Cell-mediated immunologic memory in prevention and treatment of HIV disease
    • Salk, P., Salk, J. Cell-mediated immunologic memory in prevention and treatment of HIV disease. Res Immunol 145:629-633, 1994.
    • (1994) Res Immunol , vol.145 , pp. 629-633
    • Salk, P.1    Salk, J.2
  • 31
    • 9244255839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial studies on active immunization of HFV-infected subjects using a gp120-depleted HTV-1 Immunogen: Long-term follow-up
    • Levine, A., Groshen, S., Allen, J., et al. Initial studies on active immunization of HFV-infected subjects using a gp120-depleted HTV-1 Immunogen: long-term follow-up. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retro 11:351-364, 1996.
    • (1996) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retro , vol.11 , pp. 351-364
    • Levine, A.1    Groshen, S.2    Allen, J.3
  • 32
    • 8044235508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines and cytokines in HIV-1-seropositive subjects receiving the HIV-1 Immunogen
    • Abstract #177, presented at the Annual Meeting of the Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, September 7-13
    • Moss, R.B., Giermakowska, W.K., Wallace, M., et al. Chemokines and cytokines in HIV-1-seropositive subjects receiving the HIV-1 Immunogen. Abstract #177, presented at the Annual Meeting of the Institute of Human Virology (published in J. of AIDS and Human Retrovirology), Baltimore, September 7-13, 1996.
    • (1996) J. of AIDS and Human Retrovirology
    • Moss, R.B.1    Giermakowska, W.K.2    Wallace, M.3
  • 33
    • 0028358922 scopus 로고
    • Effect of immunization with inactivated gp120-depleted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Immunogen on HIV-1 immunity, viral DNA, and percentage of CD4 cells
    • Trauger, R.J., Ferre, F., Daigle, A.E., et al. Effect of immunization with inactivated gp120-depleted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Immunogen on HIV-1 immunity, viral DNA, and percentage of CD4 cells. J Inf Dis 169:1256-1264, 1994.
    • (1994) J Inf Dis , vol.169 , pp. 1256-1264
    • Trauger, R.J.1    Ferre, F.2    Daigle, A.E.3
  • 34
    • 0029960939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIDS pathogenesis: A finite immune response to blame?
    • Miedema, F., Klein, M. AIDS pathogenesis: A finite immune response to blame? Science 272:505, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 505
    • Miedema, F.1    Klein, M.2
  • 35
    • 0029417004 scopus 로고
    • Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8 + T cells
    • Cocchi, F., DeVico, A.L., Garzino-Demo, A., et al. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8 + T cells. Science 270:1811-1815, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1811-1815
    • Cocchi, F.1    DeVico, A.L.2    Garzino-Demo, A.3
  • 36
    • 0030018156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CC CKR5: A RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophagetropic HVI-1
    • Alkhatib, G., Combadiere, C., Broder, C., et al. CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophagetropic HVI-1. Science 272:1955-1958, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1955-1958
    • Alkhatib, G.1    Combadiere, C.2    Broder, C.3
  • 37
    • 15844419153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1
    • Deng, H., Liu, R., Ellmeier, W., et al. Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature 381:661-666, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 661-666
    • Deng, H.1    Liu, R.2    Ellmeier, W.3
  • 38
    • 15844389650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 entry in CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5
    • Dragic, T., Litwin, V., Allaway, G.P., et al. HIV-1 entry in CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature 381:667-673, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 667-673
    • Dragic, T.1    Litwin, V.2    Allaway, G.P.3
  • 39
    • 0026714667 scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of long-term T helper cell function after zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected patients
    • Clerici, M., Landay, A.L., Kessler, H.A., et al. Reconstitution of long-term T helper cell function after zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected patients. J Inf Dis 166:723-730, 1992.
    • (1992) J Inf Dis , vol.166 , pp. 723-730
    • Clerici, M.1    Landay, A.L.2    Kessler, H.A.3
  • 40
    • 0025220342 scopus 로고
    • Correction of HIV-associated depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) after zidovudine therapy: DTH, CD4+ T-cell numbers, and epidermal langerhans cell density are independent variables
    • French, M.A.H., Cameron, P.U., Grimsley, G., et al. Correction of HIV-associated depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) after zidovudine therapy: DTH, CD4+ T-cell numbers, and epidermal langerhans cell density are independent variables. Clin Immunol and Immunopath 55:86-96, 1990.
    • (1990) Clin Immunol and Immunopath , vol.55 , pp. 86-96
    • French, M.A.H.1    Cameron, P.U.2    Grimsley, G.3
  • 41
    • 0030052964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in the immune response of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects treated with an HIV-specific protease inhibitor, ritonavir
    • Kelleher, A., Carr, A., Zaunders, J., et al. Alterations in the immune response of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects treated with an HIV-specific protease inhibitor, ritonavir. J Infec Dis 173:321-329, 1996.
    • (1996) J Infec Dis , vol.173 , pp. 321-329
    • Kelleher, A.1    Carr, A.2    Zaunders, J.3
  • 42
    • 0029039803 scopus 로고
    • Why can't cytotoxic T cells handle HIV?
    • Bevan, M.J., Braciale, T.J. Why can't cytotoxic T cells handle HIV? Proc Natl Acad Sci 92:5765-5767, 1995.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.92 , pp. 5765-5767
    • Bevan, M.J.1    Braciale, T.J.2
  • 43
    • 0029125829 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of HIV persistence: Implications for vaccines and therapy
    • Bremermann, H.J. Mechanism of HIV persistence: Implications for vaccines and therapy. J AIDS Hum Retro 9:459-183, 1995.
    • (1995) J AIDS Hum Retro , vol.9 , pp. 459-1183
    • Bremermann, H.J.1
  • 44
    • 0028176064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell-mediated immunopathology versus direct cytolysis by virus: Implications for HIV and AIDS
    • Zinkernagel, R., Hengartner, H. T-cell-mediated immunopathology versus direct cytolysis by virus: implications for HIV and AIDS. Immunol Today 15:262, 1996.
    • (1996) Immunol Today , vol.15 , pp. 262
    • Zinkernagel, R.1    Hengartner, H.2
  • 45
    • 0029877833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong cytotoxic T cell and weak neutralizing antibody responses in a subset of persons with stable nonprogressing HIV type 1 infection
    • Harrer, T., Harrer, E., Kalams, S., et al. Strong cytotoxic T cell and weak neutralizing antibody responses in a subset of persons with stable nonprogressing HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retro 12(7):585-592, 1996.
    • (1996) AIDS Res Hum Retro , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 585-592
    • Harrer, T.1    Harrer, E.2    Kalams, S.3
  • 46
    • 15844385082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection
    • Wolinsky, S., Korber, B., Neumann, A., et al. Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection. Science 272:537, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 537
    • Wolinsky, S.1    Korber, B.2    Neumann, A.3
  • 47
    • 0028978720 scopus 로고
    • Gag-specific cytotoxic responses to HIV type 1 are associated with a decreased risk of progression to AIDS-related complex or AIDS
    • Riviere, Y., McChesney, M., Porrot, F., et al. Gag-specific cytotoxic responses to HIV type 1 are associated with a decreased risk of progression to AIDS-related complex or AIDS. AIDS Res Hum Retro 11(8):903-907, 1995.
    • (1995) AIDS Res Hum Retro , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 903-907
    • Riviere, Y.1    McChesney, M.2    Porrot, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.