Improved understanding of the earth's radiation belts from the crres satellite

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Volumn 43, Issue 2 PART 1, 1996, Pages 353-368

  Gussenhoven, M S ^a   Mullen E G ^a   Brautigam D H ^a  

^a AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DATA ACQUISITION; DOSIMETERS; HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MICROELECTRONICS; RADIATION BELTS; RADIATION EFFECTS; SATELLITES; SOLAR CELLS; TELESCOPES;

COMBINED RELEASE AND RADIATION EFFECTS SATELLITE; GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER ORBIT; HIGH ENERGY ELECTRON FLUXMETER; PROTON TELESCOPES; SPACE RADIATION DOSIMETER;

CHARGED PARTICLES;

EID: 0030129828     PISSN: 00189499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/23.490755     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. M.S. Gussenhoven and E. G. Müllen, "Space radiation effects program: An overview," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 40, pp. 221-227, 1993.
2. D.M. Sawyer and J. I. Vette, AP8 Trapped Proton Environment for Solar Maximum and Solar Minimum, NSSCE 76-06, NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, 1976.
3. J.I. Vette, The AE-8 Trapped Electron Model Environment, NSSDC9I24, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt MD, 1991.
4. J.I. Vette, K. W. Chan, and M. J. Teague, Problem!, in Modeling the Earth's Trapped Radiation Environment, AFGL-TR-78-0130, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, 1978.
5. A.L. Vampola, "Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite," J. Spacecraft Rockets, vol. 29, p. 555, 1992.
6. H.J. Singer, W. P. Sullivan, P. Andersen, F. Mozer, P. Harvey, J. Wygant, and W. McNeil, "Fluxgate magnetometer instrument on the CRRES," / Spacecraft Rockets, vol. 29, pp. 599-601, 1992.
7. E.G. Müllen and K. P. Ray, "CRRES microelectronics test package (MEP), IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei, vol. 40, pp. 228-232, 1993.
8. A.R. Frederickson, E. G. Müllen, K. J. Kerns, P. A. Robinson, and E. G. Holeman, "The CRRES IDM spacecraft experiment for insulator discharge pulses," IEEE Trans. Nw.L Sei., vol. 40, pp. 233-241, 1993.
9. K.P. Ray, E. G. Müllen, and T. M. Trumble, "Results from the High Efficiency Solar Panel Experiment flown on CRRES," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 40, pp. 1505-1511, 1993.
10. B.K. Dichter, F. A. Hanser, B. Sellers, and J. L. Hunerwadel, "High energy electron fluxmeter," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 40, pp. 252-255, 1993.
11. F.A. Hanser, Analyze Data from CRRES Paylnuds AFGL-701/Dasimeter and AFGL-701-4/Fluxmeter, PL-TR-95-2103, Phillips ' Laboratory, AFMC Hanscom AFB, MA, 1995.
12. M.D. Violet, K. Lynch, R. Redus, K. Riehl, E. Boughan, and C. Hein, "Proton telescope (PROTEL) on the CRRES spacecraft," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 40, pp. 242-245, 1993.
13. C.A. Hein, The Protêt Contamination L'ode, PL-TR-93-2178, Phillips Laboratory, AFMC, Hanscom AFB, MA, 1993.
14. M.S. Gussenhoven, E: G. Müllen, R. C. Filz, D. H. Bräutigam, and F. A. Hanser, "New low-altitude dose measurements," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. NS-34, pp. 676-683, 1987.
15. E.G. Müllen, M. S. Gussenhoven, and D. A. Hardy, "The space radiation environment at 840 km," in Terrestrial Space Radiation and Ittf Biological Effects, P. D. McCormack, C. E. Swenberg, and H. Bucker, Eds.. NATO ASI Series A: Life Sciences, vol. 154. ' New York: Plenum, 1988, pp. 42-60.
16. Preliminary Report and Forecast of Solar Geophysical Data, U.S. Department of Commerce, Space Environment Services Center, Boulder, CO, SESC PRF 702, 1989.
17. Preliminary Report and. Forecast of Solar Geophysical Data, U.S. Department of Commerce, Space Environment Services Center, Boulder, CO, SESC PRF 957, 1994.
18. E.G. Müllen and K. P. Ray, "Microelectronics effect as seen on CRRES," Advances in Space Res., vol. 14, pp. 797-807, 1994.
19. Preliminary Report and Forecast of Solar Geophysical Data, U.S. Department of Commerce, Space Environment Services Center, Boulder, CO, SESC PRF 936, 941, 945, 946, 950, 962, 1993-1994.
20. P.N. Mayaud, Derivation, Meaning and Use of Geomagnetic Indices, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 1980.
21. E.G. Müllen and M. S. Gussenhoven, SCATHA Environmental Atlas, AFGL-TR-83-0002, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, 1983.
22. D.H. Bräutigam, M. S. Gussenhoven, and E. G. Müllen, "Quasistatic model of outer zone electrons," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 39, pp. 1797-1803, 1992.
23. B. Rossi and S. Olbert, Introduction to the Physics of Space. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970, chs. 3 and 4.
24. M.S. Gussenhoven, E. G. Müllen and M. D. Violet, "Solar particle events as seen on CRRES," Advances in Space Research, vol. 14, pp. 619-629, 1994.
25. M.S. Gussenhoven, E. G. Müllen, M. D. Violet, C. Hein, J. Bass, and D. Madden, "CRRES high energy proton flux maps," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol 40, pp. 1450-1457, 1993.
26. J.B. Blake, W. A. Kolasinski, R. W. Fillius, and E. G. Müllen, "Injection of electrons and protons with energies of tens of MeV into L < 3 on Mar. 24, 1991," Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 19, p. 821, 1992.
27. J.B. Blake, M. S. Gussenhoven, E. G. Müllen, and R. W. Fillius, "Identification of an unexpected space radiation hazard," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 39, pp. 1761-1764, 1992.
28. M.S. Gussenhoven, E. G. Müllen, M. Sperry, K. J. Kerns, and J. B. Blake, "The effect of the Mar. 1991 storm on accumulated dose for selected satellite orbits: CRRES dose models," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. .39, pp. 1765-1772, 1992.
29. J.D. Meffert and M. S. Gussenhoven, CRRESPRO Documentation, PLTR-94-2218, Phillips Laboratory, AFMC, Hanscom AFB, MA, 1994.
30. D.H. Bräutigam and J. T. Bell, CRRESELE Documentation, PL-TR-95 2128, Phillips Laboratory, AFMC, Hanscom AFB, MA, 1995.
31. K.J. Kerns and M. S. Gussenhoven, CRRESRAD Documentation, PL-TR-92-220I, Phillips Laboratory, AFMC, Hanscom AFB, MA, 1992.
32. IAGA Division I Working Group, "International Geomagnetic Reference Revision 1985," EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys.U., vol. 67, no. 24, 1986.
33. W.P. Olson and K. A. Pfltzer, "A quantitative model of the magnetospheric magnetic field," /, Geophys. Res., vol. 79, p. 3739, 1974.
34. M.D. Violet, "The development and application of a cost per minute metric for the evaluation of mobile satellite systems in a limited-growth voice communications market," M.S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Sept. 1995.
35. E.G. Müllen and E. Holeman, "MeV electrons as measured by the DMSP J4 deteclor part 1: Particle identification and verification," EOS, Trans. Arn, Ge.oph.ys. II., vol. 75, Nov. 1 Supplement, 541, 1994.
36. M.S. Gussenhoven, E. G. Müllen, and D. H. Bräutigam, "Near-Earth radiation model deficiencies as seen on CRRES," Advances in Space Res., vol. 14, pp. 927-941, 1994.
37. A.R. Frcdcrickson, E. G. Müllen, P. A. Robinson. Jr., C. G. Holeman, and D. H. Bräutigam, "Electric pulses from insulators in the internal discharge monitor on the CRRES satellite," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 38, pp. 1614-1621, 1991.
38. A.R. Frederickson, E. G. Holeman, and E. G. Müllen, "Characteristics of spontaneous electrical discharging of various insulators in space radiation," IEEE Trans. Nud. Sei., vol. 39, pp. 1773-1784, 1992.
39. M.D. Violet and A. R. Frederickson, "Spacecraft anomalies on the CRRES satellite correlated with the environment and insulator samples," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 40, pp. 1512-1520, 1993.
40. A.R. Frederickson, S. Woolf, and I. C. Garth, "Model for space charge evolutions and dose in irradiated insulators at high electric fields," IEEE Trans. Nud. Sei., vol. 40, pp. 1393-1401, 1993.
41. A.R. Frederickson, "Radiation-induced voltages on spacecraft internal surfaces," IEEE Trans. Nucl Sei., vol. 40, pp. 1547-1554, 1993.
42. A.R. Frederickson, J. E. Nanevicz, J. S. Thayer, C. Lon'Enloe, E. G. Müllen, and D. B. Parkinson, "Leaky insulating paint for preventing discharge anomalies on circuit boards," IEEE Trans. Nud. Sei, vol. 36, pp. 2405-2410, 1989.
43. E.G. Müllen, M. S. Guisenhoven, K. A. Lynch, and D. H. Bräutigam, "DMSP dosimetry data: A space measurement and mapping of upset causing phenomena," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. NS-34, pp. 1251-1255, 1987.
44. E.G. Müllen and M. S. Gussenhoven, "Results,of space experiments: CRRES," in The Behavior of Systems in the Space Environment, R. N. DeWitt, D. Duston, and A. K. Hyder, Eds. Dordrecht, Germany: Kluwer Academic, 1993, pp. 605-653.
45. A.B. Campbell, "SEU flight data from the CRRES MEP," IEEE Tram. Nucl. Sei., vol. 38, pp. 1647-1654, 1991.
46. E.G. Müllen, M. S. Gussenhoven, K. Ray, and M. Violet, "A doublepeaked inner radiation belt: Cause and effect as seen on CRRES," IEEE Trans. Nud. Sei., vol. 38, pp. 1713-1718, 1991.
47. P.J. McNulty, E. J. Beauvais, W. G. Abdel-Kader, S. S. El-Teleaty, E. G. Müllen, and K. P. Ray, "Test of SEU algorithms against preliminary CRRES satellite data," IEEE Trans. Nud. Sei., vol. 38, pp. 1642-1646, 1991.
48. C.E. Mcllwain, "The radiation belts, natural and artificial," Science, vol. 142, p. 355, 1966.
49. M.S. Gussenhoven, E. G. Müllen and E. Holeman, "Radiation, belt dynamics during solar minimum," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei., vol. 36, pp. 2008-2014, 1991.
50. X. Li, I. Roth, M. Temerin, J.R. Wygant, M. K. Hudson, and J. B. Blake, "Simulation of the prompt energizatioin and transport of radiation belt particles during the Mar. 24, 1991 SSC," Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 2423-2426, 1993.
51. M.K. Hudson, A. D. Kotelnikov, X. Li, I. Roth, M. Temerin, J. Wygant, J. B. Blake, and M. S. Gussenhoven, "Simulation of proton radiation belt formation during the Mar. 24, 1991 SSC," Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 291-294, 1995.