Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Hematology and Cell Therapy

Volumn 38, Issue SUPPL. 2, 1996, Pages

  Dighiero, G ^a   Binet, J L ^b  

^a INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

^b PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

biology, prognosis, treatment; chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Indexed keywords

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; DOXORUBICIN; FLUDARABINE; PENTOSTATIN; PREDNISONE; VINCRISTINE;

CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; HUMAN; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC, CHRONIC;

EID: 0029850883     PISSN: 14302772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (297)

1. Adachi M, Cossman J, Longo D, et al (1989) Variant translocation of the bcl-2 gene to Ig in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci 86 : 2771-2774
2. Adachi M, and Tsujimoto Y (1989) Juxtaposition of human bcl-2 and immunoglobulin lambda light chain gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the result of a reciprocal chromosome translocation between chromosome 18 and 22. Oncogene 4 : 1073-1075
3. Agee JF, Garver FA, and Faguet GB (1986) An antigen common to chronic lymphocytic and hairy cell leukemia cells not shared by normal lymphocytes or by other leukemic cells. Blood 68 : 62-68
4. Ambinder RF, and Griffin CA (1991) Biology of the lymphomas: Cytogenetics, molecular biology and virology. Curr Opin Oncol 3 : 806-812
5. Anaissie E, Kontoyiannis DP, Kantarjian H, et al (1992) Listeriosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who were treated with fludarabine and prednisone. Ann Intern Med 117 : 466-469
6. Antin JH, Emerson SP, Martin P, et al (1986) Leu 1 (CDS) B cells, a major lymphoid subpopulation in human fetal spleen: phenotypic and functional studies. J Immunol 136 : 505-511
7. Arp EW, Wolf PH, and Checkoway H (1983) Lymphocytic leukemia and exposures to benzene and other solvents in the rubber industry. J Occup Environ Med 25 : 598-602
8. Baccarani M, Cavo M, Gobbi M, et al (1982) Staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 59 : 1191-1196
9. Baldini L, Mozzana R, Cortelezzi A, et al (1985) Prognostic significance of immunoglobulin phenotype in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 65 : 340-349
10. Bandini G, Michallet M, Rosti G, and Tura S (1991) Bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 7 : 251-253
11. Bartal A, Bentwich Z, Manny N, and Izak G (1978) Ethnical and clinical aspects of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Israel: A survey of 288 patients. Acta Haematol 60 : 161-171
12. Bastion Y, Coiffier B, Dumontet C, et al (1992) Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia in two patients treated with fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Oncol 3 : 171-172
13. Bennet JM, Raphael B, Moore DF et al (1987) Comparison of chlorambucil and prednisone versus total body irradiation and chlorambucil: prednisone versus cytoxan and vincristine and prednisone for the therapy of active chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a long term follow-up of two ECOG studies. in Gale RP, Rai KR (eds) Chronic lymphocytic leukemias: Recent Progress, New York, Liss, p 327-332
14. Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT et al (1989) Proposals for the classification of chronic (mature) B and T lymphoid neoplasms. J Clin Pathol 42 : 567-584
15. Bennett JM (1990) The use of "CHOP" in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Br J Haematol 74 : 334-340
16. Berg JW (1967) The incidence of multiple primary cancers. I. The development of further cancers in patients with lymphoma, leukemia and myeloma. J Natl Cancer Inst 38 : 741-749
17. Binet JL, Auquier A, Dighiero G et al (1981) A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis. Cancer 48 : 198-206
18. Binet JL, Catovsky D, Chandra P et al (1981) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A proposal for a revised prognostic staging system. Br J Haematol 48 : 365-367
19. Binet JL, Mentz F, Leblond V et al (1995) Synergistic action of alkylating agents and methylxanthine derivatives in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 9 : 2159-2161
20. Binet JL, Mentz F, and Merle-Beral H (1996) Apoptosis in blood diseases, Review - new data. Hematol Cell Ther 38 : 253-264
21. Blair A, and White D (1985) Leukemia cell types and agricultural practices in Nebraska. Arch Environ Health 40 : 211-214
22. Bofil M, Janossy G, Janossa M, et al (1985) Human B cell development. H. Subpopulations in the human fetus. J Immunol 134 : 1531-1536
23. Bonvalet D, Foldes C, and Civatte J (1984) Cutaneous manifestations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 10 : 278-282
24. Borche L, Lim A, Binet JL, et al (1990) Evidence that chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes are frequently committed to production of natural autoantibodies. Blood 76 : 562-569
25. Boumsell L, Bernard A, and Lepage V (1978) Some chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells bearing surface immunoglobulins share determinants with T cells. Eur.J.Immunol. 8 : 900-904
26. Brinker H (1982) Population-based age and sex-specific incidence rates in the 4 main types of leukaemia. Scand J Haematol 29 : 241-248
27. Brito Babapulle V, Pomfret M, Matutes E, et al (1987) Cytogenetic studies in prolymphocytic leukemia. II. T cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Blood 70 : 926-931
28. Bröker BM, Klajman A, Youinou P, et al (1988) Chronic lymphocytic leukemic (CLL) cells secrete multispecific autoantibodies. J Autoimmun 1 : 469-481
29. Brown AG, Ross FM, Dunne EM, et al (1993) Evidence for a new tumour suppressor locus (DBM) in human B-cell neoplasia telomeric to the retinoblastoma gene. Nat Genet 3 : 67-72
30. Brugiatelli M, Callea V, Morabito M, et al (1989) Immunologic and molecular evaluation of residual disease in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients in clinical remission state. Cancer 63 : 1979-1984
31. Burmeister LF, Van Lier SF, and Isacson P (1982) Leukemia and farm practices in Iowa. Am J Epidemiol 115 : 720-728
32. Butturini A, and Gale RP (1988) Oncogenes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 12 : 89-92
33. Caligaris-Cappio F, Janossy G, and Campana D (1984) Lineage relationship of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia: studies with TPA. Leuk Res 8 : 567-578
34. Caligaris-Cappio E, Gobbi M, Bofill M, et al (1985) Unfrequent normal B lymphocytes express features of B- chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Exp Med 155 : 623-627
35. Caligaris-Cappio F, and Janossy G (1985) Surface markers in chronic lymphoid leukemias of B cell type. Semin Hematol 22 : 1-12
36. Caligaris-Cappio F, Bergui L, Tesio L, et al (1986) Cytoskeleton organization is aberrantly rearranged in the cells of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia. Blood 67 : 233-239
37. Callen DF, and Ford JH (1983) Chromosome abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed by TPA as a mitogen. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 10 : 87-93
38. Cantwell MJ, and Kipps TJ (1995) CD95 expression and apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells (abstract). Blood 86 [Suppl 1] : 346a
39. Carrera, C. J., Piro, L. D., Saven, A., Cox, K., Beutler, E., Carson, D. A., and Kipps, T. J. (1990): Restoration of lymphocyte subsets following 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine remission induction in hairy cell leukemia (abstract). Blood. 76 [Suppl 1] : 260a
40. Catovsky D, Milani E, Okas A, et al (1974) Clinical significance of T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Lancet ii : 751-755
41. Catovsky D, Cherchi M, and Okas A (1976) Mouse red-cell rosettes in B lymphoproliferative disorders. Br J Haematol 33 : 173-177
42. Catovsky D, Cherchi M, and Brooks D (1981) Heterogeneity of B cell leukemias demonstrated by the monoclonal antibody FMC7. Blood 58 : 406-408
43. Catovsky D, Fooks J, and Richard S (1988) The UK Medial Research Council chronic lymphocytic leukemia trials 1 and 2. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 423-427
44. Catovsky D, Fooks J, and Richards J (1989) Prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the importance of sex, age, and response to treatment in survival. Br J Haematol 72 : 141-149
45. Chanana AD, Cronkite EP, and Rai KR (1976) The role of extracorporeal irradiation of blood in the treatment of leukemia. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1 : 539-548
46. Chapel H, and Buch C (1987) Mechanisms of infection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol 24 : 291-296
47. Chapel MH (1987) Hypogammaglobulinemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In : Gale R, Rai K (eds) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: recent progress. Liss, New York, p. 383-391
48. Charron D, Dighiero G, Raphael M, et al (1977) Bone-marrow patterns and clinical staging in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Lancet 2 : 819
49. Cheson B, Bennett J, Rai K, et al (1988) Guidelines for clinical protocols for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: recommendations of the NCI sponsored working group. Am J Hematol 29 : 152-163
50. Chiorazzi N, Fu SM, Montazeri M, et al (1979) T-cell helper defect in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunol 122 : 1087-1090
51. Coignet L, Bertheas MF, Vasselon C, et al (1993) Trisomy 12 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Interphase study by in situ hybridization in 75 patients. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 35 : 129-134
52. Cooperative Group for the Study of Immunoglobulin in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1988) Intravenous immunoglobulin for the prevention of infection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; a randomized, controlled clinical trial. N Eng J Med 319 : 902-907
53. Croce CM (1993) Molecular biology of lymphomas. Semin Oncol 20 : 31-46
54. Dabbs D, Striker L, Mignon F, et al (1986) Glomerular lesions in lymphomas and leukemias. Am J Med 80 : 63-70
55. Dameshek W (1967) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia an accumulative disease of immunologically incompetent lymphocytes. Blood 29 : 566-584
56. Deegan MJ (1984) High incidence of monoclonal proteins in the serum and urine of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Blood 64 : 1207-1211
57. Delannoy A, Hanique G, and Ferrant A (1993) 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine for patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia resistant to fludarabine. N Eng J Med 328 : 812-813
58. Delannoy A, Martiat P, Gala JL, et al (1995) 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) for patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Leukemia 9 : 1130-1135
59. Delhomme-Bachy M, Bertheas MF, Vasselon C, et al (1992) Chromosome studies in stimulated lymphocytes of 50 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 34 : 175-182
60. Delia D, Cattoretti G, Polli N, et al (1988) CD1c but neither CD1a nor CD1b are expressed on normal activated and malignant human B cells: identification of a new B cell subset. Blood 72 : 241-247
61. Delpero JR, Mouvenaeghel G, Gastaut JA, et al (1990) Splenectomy for hypersplenism in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Surg 77 : 443-449
62. Dickler HB, and Kunkel HG (1972) Interaction of aggregated gammaglobulins with B lymphocytes. J Exp Med 136 : 191-200
63. Dighiero G, Follezou JY, Roisin JP, et al (1976) Comparison of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocyte surface Ig determinants using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. II -Quantification of light chain determinants in atypical lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 48 : 559-567
64. Dighiero G, Karsenti E, Follezou JY, et al (1978) Visualization of tubulin in lymphocytes . I - Comparison of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes. Blood 51 : 1031-1037
65. Dighiero G, Bodega E, Mayzner R, et al (1980) Individual cell-by-cell quantitation of lymphocyte surface membrane Ig in normal and CLL lymphocytes and during ontogeny of mouse B lymphocytes by immunoperoxydase assay. Blood 55 : 93-100
66. Dighiero G, Lymberi P, Mazie JC et al (1983) Murine hybridomas secreting natural monoclonal antibodies reacting with self antigens. J Immunol 13 : 2267-2272
67. Dighiero G (1987) Relevance of murine models in elucidating the origin of B- CLL lymphocytes and related immune-associated phenomena. Semin Hematol 24 : 240-251
68. Dighiero G (1988) An attempt to explain disordered immunity and hypogammaglobulinemia in CLL. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 283-288
69. Dighiero G, Travade P, Chevret S, et al (1991) B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Present status and future directions. Blood 78 : 1901-1914
70. Dighiero G (1994) Potential Immunological action of purine nucleoside analogues. Drugs 47 : 57-62
71. Dillman RO (1989) Monoclonal antibodies for treating cancer. Ann Intern Med 111 ; 592-603
72. Dillman RO, Mick R, and Mcintyre OK (1989) Pentostatin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a phase II trial of cancer and leukemia group. Br J Clin Oncol 7 : 433-438
73. Donham KJ, Berg JW, and Savin RS (1980) Epidemiologic relationship of the bovine population and human leukemia in Iowa. Am J Epidemiol 112 : 80-92
74. Efremov DG, Ivanovski M, Silijanovski N et al (1996) Restricted immunoglobulin VH region repertoire in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Blood 87 : 3869-3876
75. Einhorn S, Meeker T, Juliusson G, et al (1990) No evidence of trisomy 12 or t(11;14) by molecular genetic techniques in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with a normal karyotype. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 48 : 183-192
76. El Rouby S, Bayona W, Pisharody SM, et al (1992) p53 mutations in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 182 : 313-317
77. El Rouby S, Thomas A, Costin D, et al (1993) p53 gene mutation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with drug resistance and is independent of MDR1/MDR3 gene expression. Blood 82 : 3452-3459
78. Erikson J, Finan J, Tsujimoto Y, et al (1984) The chromosome 14 breakpoint in neoplastic B cells with the t(11; 14) translocation involves the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci 81 : 4144-4148
79. Escudier SM, Pereira-Leahy JM, Drach JW, et al (1993) Fluorescent in situ hybridization and cytogenetic studies of trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 81 : 2702-2707
80. Eskeland T, Klein E, Inoue M, et al (1971) Characterization of immunoglobulin structures from the surface of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. J Exp Med 134 : 265-277
81. Farace F, Orlanducci F, Dietrich PY, et al (1994) T cell repertoire in patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Evidence for multiple in vivo T cell clonal expansions. J Immunol 153 : 4281-4290
82. Feizi T, Wernet P, Kunkel HG, and Douglas SD (1983) Lymphocytes forming red cell rosettes in the cold in patients with chronic cold agglutinin disease. Blood 42 : 753-758
83. Fenaux P, Preudhomme C, Lai JL, et al (1992) Mutations of the p53 gene in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A report on 39 cases with cytogenetic analysis. 6 : 246-250
84. Fermand JP, James JM, Herait P, et al (1985) Associated chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma: origin from a single clone. Blood 66 : 291-293
85. Ferrant A, Michaux JL, and Sokal G (1986) Splenectomy in advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 58 : 2130-2135
86. Ferrara F, DelVecchio L, Mele G, et al (1989) A new combination chemotherapy for advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, peptichemio and prednisone protocol). Cancer 64 : 789
87. Fialkow PJ, Najfeld V, Lashka Reddy A, et al (1978) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clonal origin in a committed B-lymphocyte progenitor. Lancet ii : 444-446
88. Foon KA, Bottino GC, Abrams PG, et al (1985) Phase II trials of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Med 78 : 216-220
89. Foon K, and Gale R (1988) Clinical transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 385-388
90. Foon KA (1989) Biological response modifiers: the new immunotherapy. Cancer Res 49 : 1621-1639
91. Foon KA, Rai KR, and Gale RP (1990) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: new insights into biology and therapy. Ann Int Med 113 : 525-539
92. Freedman AS, Boyd AW, Bieber FR et al (1987) Normal cellular counterparts of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 70 : 418-425
93. Freeman GJ, Freedman AS, Segil JM, et al (1989) B7, a new member of the Ig superfamily with unique expression on activated and neoplastic B cells. J Immunol 143 : 2714-2722
94. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1986) Effectiveness of "CHOP" regimen in advanced untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet 14 : 1346-1349
95. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. (1987) Prognostic and therapeutical advances in CLL management. The experience of the French Cooperative Group. Semin Hematol 24 : 275-290
96. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (protocol CLL 80) (1988) Comparison of the A, B, C staging and the Rai's staging from a large prospective series (935 patients). Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 363-368
97. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. (1989) Long-term results of the CHOP regimen in stage C chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 73 : 334-340
98. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. (1990) Effects of chlorambucil and therapeutic decision in initial forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (stage A): Results of a randomized clinical trial on 612 patients. Blood 75 : 1414-1421
99. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. (1990) A randomized clinical trial of chlorambucil versus COP in stage B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 75 : 1422-1425
100. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic-Leukemia (1990) Natural history of stage A chronic lymphocytic leukemia untreated patients. Br J Haematol 76 : 45-57
101. French Cooperative Group on CLL (1994) Is the CHOP regimen a good treatment in advanced CLL (Stages B and C). Results from two randomized trials. Leuk Lymphoma 13 : 449-456
102. French Cooperative Group on CLL (1994) Comparison of fludarabine (FDB), CAP and ChOP in previously untreated stage B and C chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): first interim results of a randomized clinical trial in 247 patients (abstract). Blood 84 [Suppl 1] : 461a
103. French Cooperative Group on CLL (1996) Multicentre prospective randomised trial of fludarabine versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CAP) for treatment of advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Lancet 347 : 1432-1438
104. Fu SM, Winchester RJ, and Kunkel HG (1975) Similar idiotype specificity for the membrane IgD and IgM of human B lymphocytes. J Immunol 114 : 250-255
105. Gadol N, and Ault KA (1986) Phenotypic and functional characterization of human Leu 1 (CD5) B cells. Immunol Rev 93 : 23-35
106. Gahrton G, Robert KH, Friberg K, et al (1980) Nonrandom chromosomal aberrations in chronic leukemia revealed by polyclonal B-cell-mitogen stimulation. Blood 56 : 640-642
107. Gaidano G, Ballerini P, Gonz JZ, et al (1991) p53 mutations in human lymphoid malignancies: Association with Burkitt lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 : 5413-5417
108. Gaidano G, Newcomb EW, Gong JZ, et al (1994) Analysis of alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Pathol 144 : 1312-1319
109. Gale RP, and Foon KA (1987) Biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol 24 : 209-229
110. Geisler CH, Larsen JK, Hansen NE, et al (1991) Prognostic importance of flow cytometric immunophenotyping of 540 consecutive patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 78 : 1795-1802
111. Ghigo D, Gaidano GL, Treves S, et al (1991) Na+/II antiporter has different properties in human B lymphocytes according to CD5 expression and malignant phenotype. Eur J Immunol 21 : 583-588
112. Goodnow CC, Crosbie J, Adelstein S, et al (1988) Altered immunoglobulin expression and functional silencing of self-reactive B lymphocytes in transgenic mice. Nature 334 : 676-682
113. Goodnow CC, Crosbie J, Jorgensen H, et al (1989) Induction of self-tolerance in mature peripheral B lymphocytes. Nature 342 : 385-391
114. Gordon J, Mellstedt H, Aman P, et al (1984) Phenotypic modulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by phorbol ester: Induction of IgM secretion and changes in the expression of B-cell associated surface antigens. J Immunol 132 : 541-547
115. Grever MR, Kopecky KJ, Coltman CA, et al (1988) Fludarabine monophosphate: a potentially useful agent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 80 : 457-459
116. Grey HM, Rabellino E, and Pirofsky B (1971) Immunoglobulins on the surface of lymphocytes. IV Distribution of hypogammaglobulinemia cellular immune deficiency and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Invest 50 : 2368-2379
117. Gribben JG, Freedman AS, Neuberg D, et al (1991) Immunologic purging of marrow assessed by PCR before autologous bone marrow transplantation for B-cell lymphoma. N Eng J Med 325 : 1525-1533
118. Grossbard ML, Freedman AS, Ritz J, et al (1992) Serotherapy of B-cell neoplasms with anti-B4-blocked ricin: A phase 1 trial of daily bolus infusion. Blood 79 : 576-585
119. Gunz FW (1977) The epidemiology and genetics of the chronic leukemias. Clin Haematol 6 : 3-20
120. Hakim I, Amariglio N, Brok-Simoni F, et al (1995) Preferred usage of specific immunoglobulin gene segments in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells of three HLA-identical sisters. Br J Haematol 91 : 915-917
121. Hamblin TJ, Oscier DJ, and Young BJ (1986) Autoimmunity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J.Clin.Pathol. 39 : 713-719
122. Han T, Ozer H, Gavigan M, et al (1984) Benign monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis. A benign variant of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical, immunologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic studies in 20 patients. Blood 64 : 244-252
123. Han T, Ozer H, and Sadamori N (1984) Prognostic importance of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 310 : 288-292
124. Han T (1987) Spontaneous remission in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a update. Blood 12 : 481-483
125. Han T, Henderson ES, Emrich LJ, et al (1987) Prognostic significance of karyotypic abnormalities in B cell chronic lymphocyti leukemia; An update. Semin Hematol 24 : 257-263
126. Hanada M, Delia D, et al (1993) Bcl-2 gene hypomethylation and high level expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 82 : 1820-1828
127. Hansen MM (1973) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clinical studies based on 189 cases followed for a long time. Scand J Haematol 18 : 3-286
128. Hansen MM, Andersen E, Christensen BE, et al (1988) CHOP versus prednisone + chrlorambucil in chronic lymphocytileukemia: preliminary results of a randomized multicenter study. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 433-436
129. Hardyn RR, and Hayakawa K (1986) Developement and physiology of Ly-1 B and its human homolog Leu-1 B. Immunol Rev 93 : 53-80
130. Harris CC (1993) p53: At the crossroads of molecular carcinogenesis and risk assessment. Science 262 : 1980-1981
131. Hashimoto S, Wakai M, Silver J, and Chiorazzi N (1992) Biased usage of variable and constant region genes by IgG+, CD5+ human leukemic B cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 651 : 477-479
132. Hawthorn LA, Chapman R, Oscier D, and Cowell JK (1993) The consistent 13q14 translocation breakpoint seen in chronic B-cell leukaemia (BCLL) involves deletion of the D13S25 locus which distal to the retinoblastoma predisposition gene. Oncogene 8 : 1415-1419
133. Hayakawa K, Hardy RR, and Herzenberg LA (1985) Progenitors for Ly1-B cells are distinct from progenitors for other B-cells. J Exp Med 161 : 1554-1568
134. Heath CW (1975) The epidemiology of leukemia, in D. Schottenfeld (eds): Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention: Current Concepts, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, p 318-350
135. Herzenberg LA, Stall AM, Lalor PA, et al (1986) The Ly-1 B cell lineage. Immunol Rev 93 : 81-102
136. Hester JP, and Gehan EA (1978) Cytoxan, adriamycin, prednisone (CAP) chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Am Soc Clin Onc 19 : 214
137. Hivroz C, Grillot-Courvalin C, Brouet JC, et al (1986) Heterogeneity of responsiveness of chronic lymphocytic leukemic B cells to B cell growth factor or interleukin 2. Eur J Immunol 16 : 1001-1006
138. Holmes J, Wareing C, Jacobs A, et al (1990) Glutathione-s-transferase pi expression in leukaemia: A comparative analysis with MDR-1 data. Br J Cancer 62 : 209-212
139. Holmes JA, Jacobs A, Carter G, et al (1990) Is the mdr I gene relevant in chronic lymphocytic leukemia? Leukemia 4 : 216-218
140. International Workshop on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1981) Proposal for a revised prognostic staging system. Br J Haematol 48 : 365-368
141. International Workshop on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1989) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: recommendations for diagnosis, staging and response criteria. Ann Inter Med 110 : 236-237
142. Jaksic B, and Vitale B (1981) Total tumour mass score (TTM): a new parameter in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Br J Haematol 49 : 405-413
143. Jaksic B, and Brugiatelli M (1988) High dose continuous chlorambucil vs intermittent chhlorambucil plus prednisone for treatment of B-CLL. IGCI CLL 01 trail. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 437
144. Jaksic B, and Brugiatelli MI (1990) High dose chlorambucil for the treatment of advanced B- chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Results of two multicentic randomized trials (abstract). Blood 76 [Suppl 1] : 284a
145. Johnson RE (1976) Total body irradiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 37 : 2691-2696
146. Johnstone AP (1982) Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and its relationship to normal B lymphopoiesis. Immunol Today 3 : 343-345
147. Juliusson G, and Gahrton G (1990) Chromosome aberrations in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Pathogenetic and clinical implications. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 45 : 143-160
148. Juliusson G, Oscier D, Fitchett M, et al (1990) Prognostic subgroups in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia defined by specific chromosomal abnormalities. N Engl J Med 323 : 720-724
149. Juliusson G, Elmborn-Rosenberg A, and Liliemark J (1992) Response to 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia resistant to fludarabine. N Eng J Med 327 : 1056-1061
150. Kaden R, Rosse W, and Hauch T (1979) Immune thrombocytopenia in lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 53 : 545-549
151. Kagan E, and Jacobson RJ (1983) Lymphoid and plasma cell malignancies: Asbestos-related disorders of long latency. Am J Clin Pathol 80 : 14-20
152. Kallander C, Simonsson B, Hasgberg H, et al (1984) Serum deoxythymidine kinase gives prognostic information in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 54 : 2450-2455
153. Karray S, Merle-Beral H, Vazquez A, et al (1987) Functional heterogeneity of B-CLL lymphocytes: dissociated responsiveness to growth factors and distinct requirements for a first activation signal. Blood 70 : 1105-1110
154. Karray S, Vazquez A, Merle-Beral H, et al (1987) Synergistic effect of recombinant IL2 and interferon gamma on the proliferation of human monoclonal lymphocytes. J Immunol 138 : 2824-2830
155. Karray S, DeFrance T, Merle-Beral H, et al (1988) Interleukin 4 counteracts the interleukin 2-induced proliferation of monoclonal B cells. J Exp Med 168 : 85-94
156. Kay NE, Johnson JD, Staner R, et al (1979) T-cell subpopulations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Abnormalities in distribution and in vitro receptor maturation. Blood 54 : 540-544
157. Kay NE (1981) Abnormal T-cell subpopulation function in CLL: excess suppressor (T gamma) and deficient helper (T mu) activity with respect to B cell proliferation. Blood 57 : 418-420
158. Kay NE, Oken MM, Mazza JJ, et al (1988) Evidence for tumor reduction in refractory on relapsed B CLL patients with infusional interleukin 2. Nouv Rev Fr Haematol 30 : 475
159. Keating MJ, Kantarjian M, Redman J, et al (1989) Fludarabine: a new agent with major activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 74 : 19-25
160. Keating MJ, O'Brien S, Kantarjian H, et al (1993) Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with fludarabine as a single agent. Blood 81 : 2878-2884
161. Keller RH, Libnoch JA, Kallas G, et al (1987) Sequential T-cell immunoregulatory subsets and function in B-CLL. In Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: recent progress and future direction, New York, Alan R. Liss, 1987, p 147.
162. Kempin S, Kurland E, and Koziner B (1983) The role of total body irradiation (TBI) in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A randomized trial (CLL-3). Blood 62 [Suppl 1] : 204
163. Khouri IF, Keating MJ, Vriesendorp HM, et al (1994) Autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: preliminary results. J Clin Oncol 12 : 748-758
164. Kipps TJ, Tomhave E, Chen PP, and Carson DA (1988) Autoantibody associated K light chain variable region gene expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with little or no somatic mutation, implications for etiology and immunotherapy. J Exp Med 167 : 840-852
165. Kipps TJ, Tomhave E, Pratt LF, et al (1989) Developmentally restricted immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene expressed at high frequency in chronic lympocytic leukemia. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 86 : 5913-5919
166. Kipps TJ, and Carson DA (1993) Autoantibodies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related systemic autoimmune diseases. Blood 81 : 2475-2487
167. Kipps TJ (1995) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related diseases, p. 1017-1040: Williams Hematology, McGraw-Hill.
168. Kirkham PM, and Shroeder HW (1994) Antibody structure and the evolution of immunoglobulin V gene segments. Semin Immunol 6 : 347-360
169. Kitada S, Andersen J, Hines J, et al (1995) Expression of bcl-2 family genes and in vitro sensitivity to fludarabine and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in B-CLL: an ecog study (abstract). Blood 86 [Suppl 1] : 607a
170. Knuutila S, Elonen E, Teerenhovi L, et al (1986) Trisomy 12 in B cells of patients B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Eng J Med 314 : 865-869
171. Korsmeyer SJ (1985) Hierarchy of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in B-cell leukemias, in Waldmann TA (moderator: Molecular genetic analyses of human lymphoid neoplasms: Immunoglobulin genes and the c-myc oncogene. Ann Intern Med 102 : 497-510
172. Krantz SB (1973) Studies on red cell aplasia. V Presence of erythroblast cytotoxicity in gammaglobulin fraction of plasma. J Clin Invest 52 : 324-336
173. Kurita S, and Kamei Y (1969) Genetics of familial leukemia. Japan. J Hum Genet 14 : 163-179
174. Lankester AC, van Schijndel GMW, van der School CE et al (1995) Antigen receptor nonresponsiveness in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Blood 86 : 1090-1171
175. Laurent G, Gourdin MF, Flandrin G, et al (1981) Acute blast crisis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Acta Haematol 65 : 60-66
176. Lawrence JH, Low-Beer BVA, and Carpender JWJ (1949) Chronic lymphatic leukemia: study of 100 patients with radioactive phosphorus. JAMA 140 : 585-588
177. Lee J, Dixon D, Kantarjian H, et al (1987) Prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a multivariate regression analysis of 325 untreated patients. Blood 69 : 929-936
178. LeMaistre C, Rosenbaum MG, Reuben JM, et al (1992) Therapeutic effects of genetically engineered toxin (DAB486IL-2) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet 337 : 1124-1126
179. Lieben J (1966) Malignancies in asbestos workers. Arch Env Health 13 : 619-621
180. Liepman M, and Votaw ML (1978) The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with COP chemotherapy. Cancer 141 : 1664-1669
181. Linet MS, and Blattner WA (1988) The epidemiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in Polliack A, Catovsky D (eds) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Harwood, Chu, Switzerland, p 11.
182. Linet MS, Van Natta ML, Brookmeyer R, et al (1989) Famillial cancer history and chronic lyphocytic leukemia. A case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 130 : 655-664
183. Liu Y, Grander D, Soderhall S, et al (1992) Retinoblastoma gene deletions in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosom Cancer 4 : 250-256
184. Liu Y, Szekely L, Grander D, et al (1993) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with allelic deletions at 13q14 commonly have one intact RBI gene: Evidence for a role of an adjacent locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 : 8697-8701
185. Lucivero G, Prchal JT, Lawton AR, et al (1983) Abnormal T-cell functions in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia do not imply T-lymphocyte involvement in the leukemic process: Report of a case with demonstrated "polyclonality" of T lymphocytes. J Clin Immunol 3 : 111-116
186. Luo HY, Rubio M, Biron G, et al (1991) Antiproliferative effect of interleukin-4 in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunother 10 : 418-422
187. Mandelli F, DeRossi G, Mancini P, et al (1987) Prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective multicentric study from the Gimema group. J Clin Onc 5 : 398-406
188. Manohar V, Brown E, Leiserson WM, et al (1982) Expression of Ly-1 by a subset of B lymphocytes. J Immun 129 : 532-538
189. Marshall CJ (1991) Tumor suppressor genes. Cell 64 : 313-316
190. Matutes E, Brito Babapulle V, Worner I, et al (1988) T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the spectrum of mature T cell disorders. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 347-351
191. McKeithan T, Ohno H, and Diaz M (1990) Identification of a transcriptional unit adjacent to the breakpoint in the t(14;19) translocation of chronic lymphocytideukemia. Genes Chromosom Cancer 1 : 247-259
192. McKenna SL, Hoy T, Padua RA, et al (1995) Detection of drug induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia using the nick translation assay: correlation with clinical response. Blood 86 suppl 1 : 839a
193. McMichael A, Andjelkovith D, and Tyroler H (1976) Cancer mortality among rubber workers: An epidemiologic study. Am NY Acad Sci 271 : 125-137
194. Melo JV, Catovsky D, and Galton DAG (1986) The relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prolymphocytic leukemia. I. Clinical and laboratory features of 300 patients and characterisation of an intermediate group. Br J Haematol 63 : 377-387
195. Melo JV, Catovsky D, Gregory W, et al (1987) The relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukemia. IV analysis of survival and prognostic features. Br J Haematol 65 : 23-29
196. Melo JV, Hedge U, Parreira A, et al (1987) Splenic B cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: differential diagnosis of B cell leukemias with large spleens. J Clin Pathol 40 : 642-651
197. Mentz F, Merle-Beral H, Ouaaz F, et al (1995) Theophylline, a new inducer of apoptosis in B-CLL role of cyclic nucleotides. Br J Haematol 90 : 957-959
198. Mentz F, Mossalayi MD, Ouaaz F, et al (1996) Theophylline synsergizes with chlorambucil in inducing apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood 88 (6) : 2172-2182
199. Merle-Beral H, Boumsell L, Michel A, et al (1989) CD1 expression on B CLL lymphocytes. Br J Haematol 71 : 209-212
200. Michallet M, Corront B, Hollard D, et al (1991) Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 17 cases. Report from the EBMTG Bone Marrow. Bone Marrow Transplant 7 : 275-279
201. Michallet M, Apperley J, Bandini G, et al (1994) Chronic lymphocytic 2 leukemia registry. Working parties reports. 20th Annual Meeting of the European Group of Bone Marrow Transplantation. Harrogale.
202. Michel F, Merle-Beral H, Legac E, et al (1993) Defective calcium response in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Alteration of early protein tyrosine phosphorylation and of the mechanism responsible for cell calcium influx. J immunol 150 : 3627-3633
203. Michieli M, Raspadori D, Damiani D, et al (1991) The expression of the multidrug resistance-associated glycoprotein in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 77 : 460-465
204. Miller RA, and Gralow J (1984) The induction of Leu-1 antigen expression in human malignant and normal B cells by phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). J Immunol 133 : 3408-3414
205. Minot GR, and Isaacs R (1924) Lymphatic leukemia. Age incidence, duration and benefit derived from irradiation. Boston Med Surg J 191 : 1-9
206. Mintzer D, and Hauptman SP (1983) Lymphosarcoma cell leukemia and other non Hodgkin's lymphoma in leukemic phase. Am J Med 75 : 110-120
207. Molica S (1992) Role of interferon alpha-2B, chlorambucil and prednisone in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Haematol 46 : 117-11
208. Montserrat E, and Rozman C (1984) Combination chemotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a brief review. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 26 : 87-89
209. Montserrat E, Alcala A, Parody R, et al (1985) Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in advanced stages: a randomized trial comparing chlorambucil plus prednisone vs cyclophosphamide, vincristin and prednisone. Cancer 56 : 2369-2375
210. Montserrat E, Allala A, Alonso C, et al (1988) A randomized trial comparing chlorambucil plus prednisone vs cyclophosphamide, melphalan and prednisone in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia stages B and C. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 429-432
211. Montserrat E, Virolas N, Reverter JC, and Rozman C (1988) Natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: on the progression and prognosis of early clinical stages. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 359-361
212. Morabito F, Prasthofer EF, Dunlap NE, et al (1987) Expression of myelomonocytic antigens on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells correlates with their ability to produce interleukin 1. Blood 70 : 1750-1757
213. Morita M, Minowada J, and Sandberg AA (1982) Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XLV. Chromosome patterns in stimulated lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 3 : 293-306
214. Murray AW, and Kirschner MW (1989) Dominoes and clocks: The union of two views of the cell cycle. Science 246 : 614-621
215. Myint H, Copplestone JA, Orchard J, et al (1995) Fludarabine-related autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 91 : 341-344
216. Nadler LM (1986) B cell/leukemia panel workshop: summary and comments, in Leucocyte typing II, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p 3.
217. Nayak BN, Sokal R, and Ray M (1990) Clonal chromosomal changes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Lett 49 : 99-105
218. Nishiyama H (1969) Relative frequency and mortality rate of various types of leukemia in Japan. Gann 60 : 71-343
219. O'Brien S, Kantarjian H, Beran M, et al (1993) Results of fludarabine and prednisone therapy in 264 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with multivariate analysis-derived prognostic model for response to treatment Blood 82 : 1695-1700
220. O'Brien S, Kantarjian H, Estey E, et al (1994) Lack of effect of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine thearpy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia refractory to fludarabine. N Eng J Med 330 : 1828-1830
221. Ohno H, Takimoto G, and McKeithan TW (1990) The candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 is related to genes implicated in cell lineage determination and cell cycle control. Cell 60 : 991-997
222. Okamura J, Gelfand EW, and Letarte M (1982) Heterogeneity of the response of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to phorbol ester. Blood 60 : 1082-1088
223. Oscier D, Chapman R, Fitchett M, et al (1990) Deletion of a retinoblastoma gene in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (abstract). Blood 76 [Suppl 1] : 241a
224. Oscier DG, Thomsett A, Zhu D, and Stevenson FK (1995) Differential rates of somatic hypermutation in VH genes among subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukemia defined by chromosomal abnormalities (abstract). Blood [Suppl 1] 86 : 840a
225. Ostlund L, Einhorn S, Robert KH, et al (1986) Chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia cells proliferate and differentiate following exposure to interferon in vitro. Blood 67 : 152-159
226. Palosaari D, and Colby T (1986) Bronchiolocentric chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 58 : 1695-1698
227. Panayiotidis P, Ganeshaguru K, Jabar SAB, et al (1993) Alpha-interferon protects B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells from apoptotic cell death in vitro. Br J Haematol 86 : 169-173
228. Panayiotidis P, Reittie JR, Ganeshaguru K, et al (1995) Expression and regulation of apoptosis related genes in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (abstract). Blood 86 [Suppl 1] : 607a
229. Pangalis GA, Boussiotis VA, and Kittas C (1988) B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Disease progression in 150 untreated stage A and B patients as predicted by bone marrow pattern. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 373-376
230. Pangalis GA, and Griva E (1988) Recombinant alpha-interferon in untreated stages A and B chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a preliminary report. Cancer 61 : 869-872
231. Pascual V, and Capra JD (1991) Human immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes: Organization, polymorphism and expression. Adv Immunol 49 : 1-74
232. Pernis B, Brouet JC, and Seligmann M (1974) IgD and IgM on the membrane of lymphoid cells in macroglobulinemia. Evidence for identity of membrane IgD and IgM antibody activity in a case with IgG receptors. Eur J Immunol 4 : 776-781
233. Pincus S, Bianco C, and Nussenweig V (1972) Increased proportion of complement receptor lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 40 : 303-312
234. Piro LD, Carrera CJ, Beutler E, et al (1988) 2-Chorodeoxyadenosine: an effective new agent for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 72 : 1069-1073
235. Plunkett W, Huang P, and Gandhi V (1990) Metabolism and action of fludarabine phosphate. Semin Oncol 17 : 3-17
236. Prchal J, Lucivero G, Carroll AJ, et al (1979) A study of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) which demonstrates that proliferation of the lymphocytic clone in CLL does not include T lymphocytes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 13 : 231-236
237. Preud'homme JL, and Seligmann M (1972) Surface bound immunoglobulins as a cell marker in human proliferative diseases. Blood 40 : 777-789
238. Pritsch O, Magnac C, Damas G, et al (1993) V gene usage by seven hybrids derived from CD5+ B-CLL and displaying autoantibody activity. Blood 82 : 3103-3112
239. Rabinowe SN, Soiffer RJ, Gribben JG, et al (1993) Autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for poor prognosis patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 82 : 1366-1376
240. Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, et al (1975) Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 46 : 219-234
241. Rai KR, Peterson B, Kolitz J, et al (1995) Fludarabine induces high complete remission rate in previously untreated patients with active chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (abstract). Blood 86 [Suppl 1] : 607a
242. Richards F, Spurr C, Ferree C, et al (1978) The control of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with mediastinal irradiation. Am J Med 64 : 947-954
243. Rimokh R, Berger F, Cornillet P, (1990) Break in bcl locus is closely associated with intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma subtype. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2 : 223-226
244. Roudier J, Silverman GJ, Chen PP, et al (1990) Intraclonal diversity in the VH genes expressed by CD5- chronic lymphocytic leukemia-producing pathologic IgM rheumatoid factors. J Immunol 144 : 1526-1530
245. Royston I, Majda JA, Baird SM, et al (1980) Human T-cell antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies: the 65000 dalton antigen of T cells (T65) is also found on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells bearing surface immunoglobulin. J Immunol 125 : 725-731
246. Rozman C, Montserrat E, Rodriguez-Fernandez JM, et al (1984) Bone marrow histologic pattern. The best single pronostic parameter in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A multivariate analysis of 329 cases. Blood 64 : 642-648
247. Rozman C, Montserrat E, and Vinolas M (1988) Serum immunogiobulins in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Natural history and prognostic significance. Cancer 61 : 279-283
248. Rozman C, Montserrat E, Vinolas N, et al (1988) Recombinant alpha-interferon in the treatment of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia in early stages. Blood 71 : 1295-1298
249. Rundles RW, and Moore JO (1978) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 42 : 941-945
250. Salmon SE, and Seligmann M (1974) B-cell neoplasia in man. Lancet ii: 1230-1235
251. Sarfati M, Bron D, Lagneaux L, et al (1988) Elevation of IgE binding factors in serum of patients with B cell derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 71 : 94-99
252. Sarfati M, Fournier S, Christoffersen M, et al (1990) Expression of CD23 antigen and its regulation by IL-4 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 14 : 47-55
253. Saven A, Lemon RH, and Piro LD (1993) 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine for patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia resistant to fludarabine. N Eng J Med 328 : 812-813
254. Saven A, Lemon RH, Kosty M, et al (1995) 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine activity in patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 13 : 570-574
255. Sawitsky A, Rai KR, Glidewell O, et al (1977) Comparison of daily versus intermittent chlorambucil and prednisone therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 50 : 1049-1053
256. Sawitsky A, Steinberg J, Jagathambal K, and Rai K (1983) Increasing maturity of lymphocyte population in late stage CLL. Blood 63 : 632-635
257. Shen A, Humphries C, Tucker P, and Blattner F (1987) Human heavy-chain variable region gene family nonrandomly rearranged in familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 8563-8567
258. Schena M, Larsson LG, Gottardi D, et al (1992) Growth- and differentiation-associated expression of bcl-2 in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood 79 : 2981 -2989
259. Schoer KR, Briles DE, VanBonel A, et al (1974) Idiotypic uniformity of cell surface immunoglobulin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Evidence for monoclonal proliferation. J Exp Med 140 : 1416-1425
260. Schroeder HW, and Dighiero G (1994) The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: analysis of the antibody repertoire. Immunol Today 15 (6) : 288-294
261. Scouros MA, Murphy S, and Hester J (1980) Complete remission in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with combination chemotherapy. Proc Am Soc Clin Onc 21 : 441-446
262. Scouros MA, and Murphy SG (1982) Combination chemotherapy and staging in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Am Soc Clin Onc 23 : 196-203
263. Small TN, Knowles RW, Keever C, et al (1987) M241 (CD1) expression on B lymphocytes. J Immunol 138 : 2864-2868
264. Sonneveld P, Nooter K, Burghouts JT, et al (1992) High expression of the MDR-3 multidrug-resistance gene in advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 79 : 1496-1500
265. Sparrow RL, Hall FJ, Siregar H, et al (1993) Common expression of the multidrug resistance marker P-glycoprotein in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and correlation with in vitro drug resistance. Leuk Res 17 : 941-94
266. Stark A, Limbert H, Robert B, et al (1986) Prolymphocytoid transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a clinical and immunological study of 22 cases. Leuk Res 10 : 1225-1232
267. Stathopoulos G, and Elliot EV (1974) Formation of mouse or sheep red blood cell rosette by lymphocytes from normal and leukemic individuals. Lancet i : 600-60I
268. Stein RS, Weikert D, Reynols V, et al (1987) Splenectomy for end-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 59 : 1815-1818
269. Stevenson FK, Hamblin TJ, Stevenson GT, et al (1980) Extracellular idiotypic immunoglobulin arising from human keukemia B lymphocytes. J Exp Med 152 : 1484-1496
270. Sthoeger ZM, Wakai M, Tse DB, et al (1989) Production of autoantibodies by CDS-expressing B lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Exp Med 169 : 255-268
271. Sthoeger ZM, Sthoeger D, Shtalrid M, et al (1993) Mechanism of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 43 : 259-264
272. Swerdlow SH, Saboorian MH, Pelstring RJ, et al (1993) Centrocytic lymphoma: A morphometric study with comparison to other small cleaved follicular center cell lymphomas and genotypic correlates. Am J Pathol 142 : 329-337
273. Ternynck T, Dighiero G, Follezou J, et al (1974) Comparison of normal and CLL lymphocyte surface Ig determinants using peroxidase-labeled antibodies.I - Detection and quantitation of light chain determinants. Blood 43 : 789-795
274. Tertian G, Cartron J, Bayle C, et al (1996) Fatal intravascular autoimmune hemolytic anemia after fludarabine treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematol Cell Ther 38 : 359-360
275. Tosti S, Caruso R, D'Adamo F, et al (1992) Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia responsive to fludarabine-based treatment. Ann Hematol 65 : 238-239
276. Tötterman TH, Nilsson K, and Sundström C (1980) Phorbol ester-induced differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Nature 288 : 176-178
277. Travade P, Dusart JD, Cavaroc M, et al (1986) Les infections graves associées à la leucémie lymphoïde chronique. 159 épisodes infectieux observés chez 60 malades. Presse Med 15 : 1715-1718
278. Tura S, Finelli C, Bandini G, et al (1988) Cyclosporin A in the treatment of CLL associated pure red cell aplasia and bone marrow hypoplasia. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 30 : 479-481
279. Turk W (1903) Ein System der Lymphomatosen. Wien.Klin Wochenshr 16 : 1073-1079
280. Ueda K, Cardarelli C, Gottesman MM, et al (1987) Expression of a full-length cDNA for the human "MDR1" gene confers resistance to colchicine, doxorubicin, and vinblastine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 3004-3008
281. Urba WJ, Baseler MW, Kopp WC, et al (1989) Deoxycoformycin-induced immunosuppression in patients with hairy cell leukemia. Blood 73 : 38-46
282. Vahdati M, Graafland H, and Emberger JM (1984) Etude du caryo-type de 52 leucémies lymphoides chroniques B. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 26 : 189-195
283. Van der Bliek AM, Baas F, Ten Houte de Lange T, et al (1987) The human MDR-3 gene encodes a novel P-glycoprotein homologue and gives rise to alternatively spliced mRNAs in liver. EMBO J 6 : 3325-3331
284. Velpeau A (1827) Sur la résorption du pusuaet sur l'altération du sang dans les maladies cliniques. Rev Med 2 : 216-223
285. Virchow R (1847): Weisses Blut und Milztumoren. ILMed Z 16 : 9-76
286. Vuillier F, Tortevoye P, Binet JL, et al (1988) CD4, CD8 and NK subsets in B-CLL. Nouv Rev Franc Hematol 30 : 331-334
287. Vuillier F, Claisse JF, Travade P, et al (1990) Phenotypic evaluation of residual disease in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients in clinical and bone-marrow remission, by using CD5-CD19 markers. Blood 76 [Suppl] : 332a
288. Wang C, Good RA, Ammirak P, et al (1980) Identification of a p69, 71 complex expressed on human T cells sharing determinants with B type chronic lymphatic leukemic cells. J Exp Med 151 : 1539
289. Warr JR, Levie SE, PerKins LJ, et al (1993) Levels of expression of MDR-3 and glutathione-S-transferase genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes (Letter). Blood 82 : 1937-1938
290. Weiss LM, Warnke RA, Sklar J, et al (1987) Molecular analysis of the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation in malignant lymphomas. N Engl J Med 317 : 1185-1189
291. Wen T, Mellstedt H, and Jondal M (1990) Presence of clonal T cell populations in chronic B lymphocytic leukemia and smouldering myeloma. J Exp Med 171 : 659-666
292. Williams ME, Swerdlow SH, Rosenberg CL, et al (1992) Characterization of chromosome 11 translocation breakpoints at the BCL-1 and PRAD1 in centrocytic lymphoma. Cancer Res 52 : 5541s
293. Williams CKO, Essien EM, and Bamgboye EA (1994) Trends in leukemia incidence in Ibadan, Nigeria, in Magrath I, O'Connor GT, Ramot B (eds) Pathogenesis of leukemias and lymphomas: environmental influence. Raven, New York, 1984, p 17.
294. Wormsley SB, Baird SM, Gadol N, et al (1990) Characteristics of CD11c+CD5+ chronic B-cell leukemias and the identification of novel peripheral blood B-cell subsets with chronic lymphoid leukemia immunophenotypes. Blood 76 : 123-130
295. Young JL, Percy CL, and Asire AJ (1981) Surveillance, epidemiology and end results: incidence and mortality data, 1973-77 National Cancer Institute Monograph 57, Department of health and Human Services Publication (Natl Institutes Health), p.81
296. Ziegler-Heltbrock HWL, Schlag F, Flieger D, et al (1989) Favorable response of early stage B CLL patients to treatment with IFN-alpha. Blood 73 : 1426-1430
297. Zinzani PL, Levrero MG, Lauria F, (1994) Alpha-Interferon as maintenance drug after initial fludarabine therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica 79 : 55-58