-
1
-
-
0029073613
-
-
J. L. Halaas et al., Science 269, 543 (1995); L. A. Campfield, F. J. Smith, Y. Guisez, R. Devos, P. Burn, ibid., p. 546; M. A. Pelleymounter et al., ibid., p. 540; D. S. Weigle et al., J. Clin. Invest. 96, 2065 (1996).
-
(1995)
Science
, vol.269
, pp. 543
-
-
Halaas, J.L.1
-
2
-
-
0029048408
-
-
J. L. Halaas et al., Science 269, 543 (1995); L. A. Campfield, F. J. Smith, Y. Guisez, R. Devos, P. Burn, ibid., p. 546; M. A. Pelleymounter et al., ibid., p. 540; D. S. Weigle et al., J. Clin. Invest. 96, 2065 (1996).
-
Science
, pp. 546
-
-
Campfield, L.A.1
Smith, F.J.2
Guisez, Y.3
Devos, R.4
Burn, P.5
-
3
-
-
0029073613
-
-
J. L. Halaas et al., Science 269, 543 (1995); L. A. Campfield, F. J. Smith, Y. Guisez, R. Devos, P. Burn, ibid., p. 546; M. A. Pelleymounter et al., ibid., p. 540; D. S. Weigle et al., J. Clin. Invest. 96, 2065 (1996).
-
Science
, pp. 540
-
-
Pelleymounter, M.A.1
-
4
-
-
0028825577
-
-
J. L. Halaas et al., Science 269, 543 (1995); L. A. Campfield, F. J. Smith, Y. Guisez, R. Devos, P. Burn, ibid., p. 546; M. A. Pelleymounter et al., ibid., p. 540; D. S. Weigle et al., J. Clin. Invest. 96, 2065 (1996).
-
(1996)
J. Clin. Invest.
, vol.96
, pp. 2065
-
-
Weigle, D.S.1
-
5
-
-
0030010388
-
-
F. F. Chehab, M. E. Lim, R. Lu, Nature Genet. 12, 318 (1996); I. A. Barash et al., Endocrinology 137, 3144 (1996).
-
(1996)
Nature Genet.
, vol.12
, pp. 318
-
-
Chehab, F.F.1
Lim, M.E.2
Lu, R.3
-
6
-
-
0029953957
-
-
F. F. Chehab, M. E. Lim, R. Lu, Nature Genet. 12, 318 (1996); I. A. Barash et al., Endocrinology 137, 3144 (1996).
-
(1996)
Endocrinology
, vol.137
, pp. 3144
-
-
Barash, I.A.1
-
7
-
-
0029896530
-
-
R. S. Ahima et al., Nature 382, 250 (1996).
-
(1996)
Nature
, vol.382
, pp. 250
-
-
Ahima, R.S.1
-
8
-
-
0028139089
-
-
Y. Zhang et al., ibid. 372, 425 (1994); H. Chen et al., Cell 84, 491 (1996); G. H. Lee et al., Nature 379, 632 (1996); S. C. Chua Jr. et al., Science 271, 994 (1996).
-
(1994)
Nature
, vol.372
, pp. 425
-
-
Zhang, Y.1
-
9
-
-
13344259300
-
-
Y. Zhang et al., ibid. 372, 425 (1994); H. Chen et al., Cell 84, 491 (1996); G. H. Lee et al., Nature 379, 632 (1996); S. C. Chua Jr. et al., Science 271, 994 (1996).
-
(1996)
Cell
, vol.84
, pp. 491
-
-
Chen, H.1
-
10
-
-
0030039272
-
-
Y. Zhang et al., ibid. 372, 425 (1994); H. Chen et al., Cell 84, 491 (1996); G. H. Lee et al., Nature 379, 632 (1996); S. C. Chua Jr. et al., Science 271, 994 (1996).
-
(1996)
Nature
, vol.379
, pp. 632
-
-
Lee, G.H.1
-
11
-
-
0030028959
-
-
Y. Zhang et al., ibid. 372, 425 (1994); H. Chen et al., Cell 84, 491 (1996); G. H. Lee et al., Nature 379, 632 (1996); S. C. Chua Jr. et al., Science 271, 994 (1996).
-
(1996)
Science
, vol.271
, pp. 994
-
-
Chua Jr., S.C.1
-
12
-
-
0018139377
-
-
D. L. Coleman, Diabetologia 14, 141 (1978); G. A. Bray and D. A. York, Physiol. Rev. 59, 719 (1979).
-
(1978)
Diabetologia
, vol.14
, pp. 141
-
-
Coleman, D.L.1
-
13
-
-
0018756428
-
-
D. L. Coleman, Diabetologia 14, 141 (1978); G. A. Bray and D. A. York, Physiol. Rev. 59, 719 (1979).
-
(1979)
Physiol. Rev.
, vol.59
, pp. 719
-
-
Bray, G.A.1
York, D.A.2
-
14
-
-
0029098589
-
-
T. W. Stephens et al., Nature 377, 530 (1995); M. W. Schwartz et al., Diabetes 45, 531 (1996)
-
(1995)
Nature
, vol.377
, pp. 530
-
-
Stephens, T.W.1
-
15
-
-
13344280346
-
-
T. W. Stephens et al., Nature 377, 530 (1995); M. W. Schwartz et al., Diabetes 45, 531 (1996)
-
(1996)
Diabetes
, vol.45
, pp. 531
-
-
Schwartz, M.W.1
-
16
-
-
0029739970
-
-
M. W. Schwartz, R. J. Seeley, L. A. Campfield, P. Burn, D. G. Baskin, J. Clin. Invest. 98, 1101 (1996).
-
(1996)
J. Clin. Invest.
, vol.98
, pp. 1101
-
-
Schwartz, M.W.1
Seeley, R.J.2
Campfield, L.A.3
Burn, P.4
Baskin, D.G.5
-
18
-
-
10544231337
-
-
C. Catzeflis et al., ibid., p. 224; N. Zarjevski, I. Cusin, R. Vetter, F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud, B. Jeanrenaud, ibid. 133, 1753 (1993); D. D. Pierroz, C. Catzeflis, A. C. Aebi, J. E. Rivier, M. L. Aubert, ibid. 137, 3 (1996); B. G. Stanley, S. E. Kyrkoull, S, Lampert, S. F. Leibowitz, Peptides 7, 1189 (1986).
-
Endocrinology
, pp. 224
-
-
Catzeflis, C.1
-
19
-
-
0027362079
-
-
C. Catzeflis et al., ibid., p. 224; N. Zarjevski, I. Cusin, R. Vetter, F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud, B. Jeanrenaud, ibid. 133, 1753 (1993); D. D. Pierroz, C. Catzeflis, A. C. Aebi, J. E. Rivier, M. L. Aubert, ibid. 137, 3 (1996); B. G. Stanley, S. E. Kyrkoull, S, Lampert, S. F. Leibowitz, Peptides 7, 1189 (1986).
-
(1993)
Endocrinology
, vol.133
, pp. 1753
-
-
Zarjevski, N.1
Cusin, I.2
Vetter, R.3
Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F.4
Jeanrenaud, B.5
-
20
-
-
0030041430
-
-
C. Catzeflis et al., ibid., p. 224; N. Zarjevski, I. Cusin, R. Vetter, F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud, B. Jeanrenaud, ibid. 133, 1753 (1993); D. D. Pierroz, C. Catzeflis, A. C. Aebi, J. E. Rivier, M. L. Aubert, ibid. 137, 3 (1996); B. G. Stanley, S. E. Kyrkoull, S, Lampert, S. F. Leibowitz, Peptides 7, 1189 (1986).
-
(1996)
Endocrinology
, vol.137
, pp. 3
-
-
Pierroz, D.D.1
Catzeflis, C.2
Aebi, A.C.3
Rivier, J.E.4
Aubert, M.L.5
-
21
-
-
0022873040
-
-
C. Catzeflis et al., ibid., p. 224; N. Zarjevski, I. Cusin, R. Vetter, F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud, B. Jeanrenaud, ibid. 133, 1753 (1993); D. D. Pierroz, C. Catzeflis, A. C. Aebi, J. E. Rivier, M. L. Aubert, ibid. 137, 3 (1996); B. G. Stanley, S. E. Kyrkoull, S, Lampert, S. F. Leibowitz, Peptides 7, 1189 (1986).
-
(1986)
Peptides
, vol.7
, pp. 1189
-
-
Stanley, B.G.1
Kyrkoull, S.E.2
Lampert, S.3
Leibowitz, S.F.4
-
23
-
-
10544250951
-
-
note
-
+/+ OB/OB mice, respectively. Approximately 5 males and 1C females were used as breeders for each group to ensure diversity of the hybrid genetic background. The genotyping strategy was based on the fact that the ob mutation generates a Dde I restriction site. A ∼160→bp region spanning the site of the ob mutation was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotides 5′-TGTCCAAGATGGACCAGACTC-3′ and 5′-ACTGGTCTGAGGCAGGGAGCA-3′, digested with Dde I, and the products resolved on a 2% NuSeive agarose gel. Animals were weaned between 3 and 4 weeks of age and housed individually. Mice had free access to standard rodent chow (Teklad) and were treated in accordance with University of Washington guidelines.
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
0028839203
-
-
D. T. Stein, E. E. Babcock, C. R. Malloy, J. D. McGarry, Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 19, 804 (1995); D. E. Cummings et al., Nature 382, 622 (1996).
-
(1995)
Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord.
, vol.19
, pp. 804
-
-
Stein, D.T.1
Babcock, E.E.2
Malloy, C.R.3
McGarry, J.D.4
-
25
-
-
0029737861
-
-
D. T. Stein, E. E. Babcock, C. R. Malloy, J. D. McGarry, Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 19, 804 (1995); D. E. Cummings et al., Nature 382, 622 (1996).
-
(1996)
Nature
, vol.382
, pp. 622
-
-
Cummings, D.E.1
-
28
-
-
0002372785
-
-
W. F. Colmers and C. Wahlestedt, Eds. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
-
B. G. Stanley, in The Biology of Neuropeptide Y and Related Peptides, W. F. Colmers and C. Wahlestedt, Eds. (Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 1993), pp. 457-509.
-
(1993)
The Biology of Neuropeptide Y and Related Peptides
, pp. 457-509
-
-
Stanley, B.G.1
-
30
-
-
0010344734
-
-
F. J. Smith, L. A. Campfield, J. A. Moschera, P. S. Bailon, P. Burn, Nature 382, 307 (1996).
-
(1996)
Nature
, vol.382
, pp. 307
-
-
Smith, F.J.1
Campfield, L.A.2
Moschera, J.A.3
Bailon, P.S.4
Burn, P.5
-
31
-
-
13344279395
-
-
D. Qu et al., ibid. 380, 243 (1996).
-
(1996)
Nature
, vol.380
, pp. 243
-
-
Qu, D.1
-
32
-
-
0028793697
-
-
R. C. Frederich et al., Nature Med. 1, 1311 (1995); M. Mattel et at., ibid., p. 1155; R. V. Considine et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 292 (1996); R. C. Frederich et al., J. Clin. Invest. 96, 1658 (1996).
-
(1995)
Nature Med.
, vol.1
, pp. 1311
-
-
Frederich, R.C.1
-
33
-
-
0028793697
-
-
R. C. Frederich et al., Nature Med. 1, 1311 (1995); M. Mattel et at., ibid., p. 1155; R. V. Considine et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 292 (1996); R. C. Frederich et al., J. Clin. Invest. 96, 1658 (1996).
-
Nature Med.
, pp. 1155
-
-
Mattel, M.1
-
34
-
-
13344295079
-
-
R. C. Frederich et al., Nature Med. 1, 1311 (1995); M. Mattel et at., ibid., p. 1155; R. V. Considine et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 292 (1996); R. C. Frederich et al., J. Clin. Invest. 96, 1658 (1996).
-
(1996)
N. Engl. J. Med.
, vol.334
, pp. 292
-
-
Considine, R.V.1
-
35
-
-
0029131574
-
-
R. C. Frederich et al., Nature Med. 1, 1311 (1995); M. Mattel et at., ibid., p. 1155; R. V. Considine et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 292 (1996); R. C. Frederich et al., J. Clin. Invest. 96, 1658 (1996).
-
(1996)
J. Clin. Invest.
, vol.96
, pp. 1658
-
-
Frederich, R.C.1
-
36
-
-
10544250544
-
-
note
-
2 levels in air going into and out of the chamber were measured every minute. Basal oxygen consumption was the average at low plateaus, which coincided with periods of inactivity.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
10544236003
-
-
note
-
We measured ambulatory activity of individual mice in their transparent plastic, home cage (28 cm × 17 cm × 11.5 cm) over 24 hours with an Opto-varimex mini activity meter (Columbus Instruments). The distance between infrared beams was 2.65 cm.
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
10544230078
-
-
note
-
Special thanks to E. Shankland and M. Kushmerick for MRIs and spectra; G. Froelick for histology; the laboratory of S. Woods for help with indirect calorimetry; the Metabolism Laboratory of the Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Medical Center for serum insulin and glucose determinations; and M. Schwartz and D. Cummings for discussion and suggestions. J.C.E. is a Merck fellow.
-
-
-
|