Immunosuppressant therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Clinical Immunotherapeutics

Volumn 6, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 431-442

  Baughman, Robert P ^a   Lower, Elyse E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; COLCHICINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

BLOOD TOXICITY; HUMAN; IDIOPATHIC DISEASE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LUNG FIBROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0029776191     PISSN: 11727039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF03259365     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Campbell EJ, Harris B, Avioli LV, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141: 771-4
2. Carrington CB, Gaensler EA, Coutu RE. et al. Natural history and treated course of usual and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1978: 298: 801-9
3. Panos RJ, Morrenson R, Niccoli SA, et al, Clinical deterioration in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: causes and assessment. Am J Med 1990; 88: 396-404
4. Schwanz DA, Van Fossen DS, Davis CS, et al. Determinants of progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994: 149: 444-9
5. du Bois RM, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Annu Rev Med 1993: 44: 441 -450
6. Schwartz DA, Helmers RA, Calvin JR, et al, Determinants of survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit CareMed 1994; 149:450-4
7. Rudd RM, Haslam PL, Turner-Warwick M, Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: relationships of pulmonary physiology and bronchoalveolar lavage to response to treatment and prognosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;124: 1-8
8. Cherniack RM, Crystal RG, Kalica AR, NHLB1 workshop summary. Current concepts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a road map for the future. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991 ; 143: 680-3
9. Crystal RG, Bitterman PB, Rennard SI, et al, Interstitial lung disease of unknown cause: disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 154-66
10. Johnson ID, Bleasdale C, Hind CR, et al, Accuracy of diagnostic coding of hospital admissions for cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax 1991; 46: 589-91
11. Thurlbeck WM, Miller RR, Muller ML, et al, Diffuse diseases of the lung: a team approach. Philadelphia: BC Decker, 1991
12. Baughman RP, Shipley RT, Loudon RG, et al, Crackles in interstitial lung disease: comparison of sarcoidosis and fibrosing alveolitis. Chesl 1991; 100: 96-101
13. Orens JR, Kazerooni EA, Martinez FJ, et al, The sensitivity of high-resolution CT in detecting idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis proved by open lung biopsy: a prospective study. Chest 1995; 108: 109-15
14. Muller NL, Computed tomography in chronic interstitial lung disease. Radiol Clin North Am 1991; 29: 1085-93
15. Tung KT, Wells AU, Rubens MB, et al, Accuracy of the typical computed tomographic appearances of fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax 1993; 48: 334-8
16. Alien JN, Pacht ER, Gadek JE, Acute eosinophilic pneumonia as a reversible cause of noninfectious respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 1989:321:569-74
17. Baughman RP, Dohn MN, Loudon RG, et al, Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage in tuberculosis and fungal infections. Chest 1991; 99: 92-7
18. Baughman RP, Dohn MN, Frame PT, The continued utility of bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. Am J Med 1994; 97: 515-22
19. Wall CP, Gaensler EA, Carrington CB, et al, Comparison of transbronchial and open lung biopsies in chronic infiltrative lung diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981; 123: 280-5
20. Miller RR, Nelems B, Muller NL, et al, Lingular and right middle lobe biopsy in the assessment of diffuse lung disease. Ann ThoracSurg 1987:44:269-73
21. Bentzon N, Actamsen S, Jacobsen B, et al, Videothorascopic lung biopsy by a stapler technique. Eur J Surg 1994; 160: 543-6
22. Cormier Y, Belanger J, Laviolette M, Prognostic significance of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes in farmer's lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135:692-5
23. Epier GR, Colby TV, McLoud T, et al, Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1985;312: 152-8
24. Baughman RP, Lower EE, Lynch JP, Treatment modalities for sarcoidosis. Clin Pulmon Med 1994; 1: 223-31
25. Winterbauer RH, Hammar RP, Hallman KO, et al. Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis: clinical pathologic correlations in 20 patients treated with prednisone/azathioprine. Am J Med 1978:65:661-72
26. Raghu G, DePaso WJ, Cain K, et al, Azathioprine combined with prednisone in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991: 144: 291-6
27. Agusti C, Xaubet A, Agusti AG, et al, Clinical and functional assessment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: results of a 3 year follow-up. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 643-50
28. Smith CM, Moser KM, Management of interstitial lung disease: state of the art. Chest 1989; 95: 676-8
29. Johnston ID, Gomm SA, Kalra S, et al, The management of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in three regions of the United Kingdom. Eur Respir J 1993; 6: 891-3
30. De Vita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1993
31. Hollander AA, van Saase JL, Kootte AM, et al, Beneficial effects of conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine after kidney transplantation. Lancet 1995; 345: 610-4
32. Shapiro R, Jordan M, Scantlebury V, et al, A prospective, randomized trial of FK-506 in renal transplantation: a comparison between double- and triple-drug therapy. Clin Trans 1994; 8:508-15
33. de Glas-Vos JW, Kreidiet RT, Weening JJ, et al, Treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis with methylprednisolone pulse therapy and oral azathioprine. Neth J Med 1995; 46: 4-14
34. Wilkens RF, Urowitz MB, Stablein DM, et al, Comparison of azathioprine, methotrexate. and the combination of both in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: 849-56
35. Jeurissen ME, Boerbooms AM, van de Putte LB, et al, Methotrexate versus azathioprine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a forty-eight-week randomized, double-blind trial. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 961-72
36. Johnson PJ, McFarlane IG, Williams R. Azathioprine for longterm maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 958-63
37. Pearson DC, May GR, Pick GH, et al, Azathioprine and 6mercaptopurine in Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 132-42
38. Weese WC, Levine BW, Kazemi H, Interstitial lung disease resistant to corticosteroid therapy: report of three cases treated with azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. Chest 1975; 67: 57-60
39. Cegla UH, Kroidl RF, Meier-Sydow J, et al, Therapy of the idiopathic fibrosis of the lung. Pneumonologie 1975; 152: 75-92
40. Meier-Sidow J, Rust M, Kronenberger H, et al, Long-term follow-up of lung function parameters in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with prednisone and azathioprine or D-penicillamine. Prax Pneumol 1979; 33: 680-8
41. Costabel U, Matthys H, Different therapies and factors influencing response to therapy in idiopathic diffuse fibrosing alveolitis. Respiration 1981; 42: 141-9
42. Brown CH, Turner-Warwick M, The treatment of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis with immunosuppressant drugs. Q J Med 1971; 40: 289-302
43. Isbister JP, Ralston M, Hayes JM, et al, Fulminant lupus pneumonitis with acute renal failure and RBC aplasia: successful management with plasmapheresis and immunosuppression. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141: 1081-3
44. Levey AS, Lan SP, Corwin HL, et al, Progression and remission of renal disease in the lupus nephritis collaborative study: results of treatment with prednisone and short-term oral cyclophosphamide. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 114-23
45. Boumpas DT, Austin HA, Vaughn EM, et al, Controlled trial of pulse methylprednisolone versus two regimens of pulse cyclophosphamide in severe lupus nephritis. Lancet 1992; 340: 741-5
46. Belmont HM, Storch M, Buyon J, et al, New York University/Hospital for joint disease experience with intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment: efficacy in steroid unresponsive lupus nephritis. Lupus 1995: 4: 104-8
47. Fauci AS, Wolff SM, Wegener's granulomatosis: studies in eighteen patients and a review of the literature. Medicine 1973; 52: 535-61
48. Fauci AS, Haynes BF. Katz P. et al. Wegener's granulomatosis: prospective clinical and therapeutic experience with 85 patients for 21 years. Ann Intern Med 1983:98:76-85
49. Huffman GS, KerrGS. LeavittRY. etal. Wegener's granulomatosis: an analysis of 158 patients. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 488-98
50. Conn DL, Role of cyclophosphamide in treatment of polyarteritisnodosa?J Rheumatol 1991: 18:489-90
51. Stewart KA, Mazanec DJ. Pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide for kidney disease in relapsing polychondritis. J Rheumatol 1992; 19:498-500
52. Fukuda M, Kamiyama Y, Kawamura K. et al. The favorable effect of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in the treatment of massive pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Pediatr 1994: 153: 167-70
53. Green H, Bootsma H. Postma DS, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: partial improvement with cyclophosphamide. J Rheumatol 1993: 20: 1055-7
54. Eiser AR, Shanies HM. Treatment ot'lupus interstitial lung disease with intravenous cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 1994:37:428-31
55. DePaso WJ, Winterbauer RH. Interstitial lung disease. Dis Mon 1991:37:61-133
56. Al-janadi M, Smith CD. Karsh J. Cyclophosphamide treatment of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in polymyositis/dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 1989: 16: 1592-6
57. Stecn VD, Lanz Jr JK, Conte C, et al. Therapy for severe interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: a retrospective study. Arthritis Rheum 1994: 37: 1290-6
58. Akeesson A, Scheja A, Lundin A. et al. Improved pulmonary function in systemic sclerosis after treatment with cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 1994: 37: 729-35
59. Silver RM, Warrick JH. Kinsella MB. et al. Cyclophosphamide and low-dose prednisone therapy in patients with systemic sclerosis fscleroderma) with interstitial lung disease. J Rheumatol 1993:20:838-44
60. Wells AU, Cullinan P. Hansel! DM. et al. Fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis has a better prognosis than lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994: 149: 1583-90
61. Baughman RP, Lower EE. Use of intermittent, intravenous cyclophosphamide for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 1992: 102: 1090-4
62. Weiland J, Dorinsky P, Davis WB. et al. Use of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 1986; 89: 1505-15
63. Dayton CS, Schwartz DA. Helmers RA. et al. Outcome of subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who fail corticosteroid therapy: implications for further studies. Chest 1993: 103:69-73
64. van Oortegam K, Wallaert B, Marquette CH, et al. Determinants of response to immunosuppressive therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 1994: 7: 1950-7
65. Baughman RP, Winget DB, Lower EE. The safety and efficacy of prolonged use of cyclophosphamide for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [abstract|. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: I02S
66. Johnson MA, Kwan S, Snell JC, et al. Randomized controlled trial comparing prednisolone alone with cyclophosphamide and low dose prednisone in combination in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax 1989; 44: 280-8
67. Haslam PL, Turton CWG. Lukoszek A, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell counts in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and their relations to therapy. Thorax 1980; 35: 328-39
68. Haslam PL, Poulter LW, Rossi GA, et al, The clinical role of BAL in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 1990; 3: 940-2.961-9
69. Turner-Warwick M, Haslam PL. The value of serial bronchoalveolar lavages in assessing the clinical progress of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135: 26-34
70. Watters LC, King TE. Schwarz MI, et al. A clinical, radiographie, and physiologie scoring system for the longitudinal assessment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986: 133: 97-103
71. Greene NB, Solinger AM. Baughman RP. Patients with collagen vascular disease and dyspnea: the value of gallium scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage in predicting response to steroid therapy and clinical outcome. Chest 1987; 91: 698-703
72. Peterson MW, Monick M. Hunninghake GW. Prognostic role of eosinophils in pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 1987: 92: 51-6
73. O Donnell K, Keogh B.Cantin A. et al. Pharmacologie suppression of the neutrophil component of the alveolitis in idiopalhic pulmonary fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987: 136: 288-92
74. Balow JE, Austin HA. Muenz LR. et al. Effect of treatment on the evolution of renal abnormalities in lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med 1984:311:491-5
75. Austin HA, Klippel JH, Balow JE, et al. Therapy of lupus nephritis: controlled trial of prednisone and cytotoxic drugs. N Engl J Med 1986:314:614-9
76. Steppat D, Gross WL. Stage adapted treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis. Klin Wochenschr 1989; 67: 666-71
77. Chapman PT, O'Donnell JL. Respiratory failure in Wegener's granulomatosis: response to pulse intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. J Rheumatol 1993: 20: 504-6
78. Huffman GS, Leavitt RY, Fleischer TA, et al. Treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis with intermittent high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. Am J Med 1990; 89: 403-10
79. Pizzo PA, Rubin M. Freifeld A. et al. The child with cancer and infection. I. Empiric therapy for fever and neutropenia. and preventive strategies. J Pediatr 1991; 119: 676-94
80. King J, Deboisblanc BP. Mason CM, et al. Effect of granulocvte colony-stimulating factor on acute lung injury in rat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 302-9
81. Talar-Williams C, Hijazi YM. Walther MM. et al. Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with Wegener granulomatosis. Ann Intern Med 1996: 124:477-84
82. SchoenikeSE, Ifosfamideandmesna.Clin Pharm 1990:9: 179-91
83. Anderson D, Bishop JB, Garner RC, et al. Cyclophosphamide: review of its mutagenicity for an assessment of potential germ cell risks. Mutât Res 1995: 330: 115-81
84. Casciato DA, Scott JL. Acute leukemia following prolonged cytotoxic agent therapy. Medicine 1979: 58: 32-47
85. Baker GL, Kahl LE, Zee BC. étal. Malignancy following treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cyclophosphamide. Am J Med 1987:83: 1-9
86. Turner-Warwick M, Lebowitz M, Burrows B, etal, Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and lung cancer. Thorax 1980; 35: 496-9
87. Mizushima Y, Kobayashi M, Clinical characteristics of synchronous multiple lung cancer associated with idiopathic pul-monary fibrosis: a review of Japanese literature. Chest 1995; 108: 1272-7
88. McCune WJ, Vallance DK, Lynch JP, Immunosuppressive drug therapy. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1994; 6: 262-72
89. Moolman JA, Bardin PC, Rossouw DJ, et al, Cyclosporine as a treatment for interstitial lung disease of unknown aetiology. Thorax 1991; 46; 592-5
90. Venuta F, Rendina EA, Ciriaco P, et al, Efficacy of cyclosporine to reduce steroids in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis before lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1993; 12: 909-14
91. Cohen DJ, Appel GB, Cyclosporine: nephrotoxic effects and guidelines for safe use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1992; 21: 43S-8S
92. Kahan BD, Cyclosporine. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1725-38
93. Peters SG, McDougall JC, Douglas WW, et al, Colchicine in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 1993; 103: 101-4
94. Giri SN, Hyde DM, Hollinger MA, Effect of antibody to transforming growth factor beta on bleomycin induced accumulation of lung collagen in mice [see comments]. Thorax 1993; 48: 959-66
95. Hunninghake GW, Kalica AR, Approaches to the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 915-8
96. Raghu G, Interstitial lung disease: a diagnostic approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 909-14
97. Correspondence and reprints: Dr Robert P, Baughman, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Bethesda Avenue, PO Box 670564, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0564, USA.