메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 330, Issue 1-2, 1995, Pages 115-181

Cyclophosphamide: Review of its mutagenicity for an assessment of potential germ cell risks

Author keywords

Cyclophosphamide; Cyclophosphamide mutagenicity; Germ cell effect

Indexed keywords

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE;

EID: 0029154091     PISSN: 00275107     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00039-L     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (264)

References (313)
  • 1
    • 0020621959 scopus 로고
    • Induction by indirect mutagens/carcinogens, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in cultured human hepatoma cells
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.109 , pp. 83-90
    • Abe1    Nemoto2    Sasaki3
  • 2
    • 0019480172 scopus 로고
    • Activation of cyclophosphamide using perfused rat liver system and induction of sister chromatid exchanges in vitro
    • (1981) Hum Genet. , vol.58 , pp. 349
    • Abe1    Ide2    Tosa3    Takahashi4    Takino5
  • 3
    • 0020529471 scopus 로고
    • ICPEM Working Paper 4/3: Comparison of types of chemically induced genetic changes in mammals
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.115 , pp. 293-321
    • Adler1
  • 5
    • 0023554070 scopus 로고
    • Induction and transmission of chemically induced chromosome aberrations in female germ cells
    • (1987) Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , vol.10 , pp. 231-243
    • Albanese1
  • 6
    • 0025736440 scopus 로고
    • Reevaluation of the 9 compounds reported conclusive positive in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae aneuploidy test systems by the Gene-Tox program using strain D61.M of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • (1991) Mutation Res. , vol.260 , pp. 165-180
    • Albertini1
  • 8
    • 0017124597 scopus 로고
    • In vivo BrdU-33258 Hoechst analysis of DNA replication kinetics and sister chromatid exchange formation in mouse somatic and meiotic cells
    • (1976) Chromosoma , vol.58 , pp. 325-340
    • Allen1    Latt2
  • 18
    • 0023806982 scopus 로고
    • Synaptonemal complex damage in relation to meiotic chromosome aberrations after exposure of male mice to cyclophosphamide
    • (1988) Mutation Res. , vol.203 , pp. 317-330
    • Backer1    Gibson2    Moses3    Allen4
  • 22
    • 0020062955 scopus 로고
    • Expression of genetic damage induced by alkylating agents in germ cells of female mice
    • (1982) Mutation Res. , vol.92 , pp. 447-464
    • Becker1    Schöneich2
  • 23
    • 0026750827 scopus 로고
    • Detection of micronuclei after exposure to mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide and diethylnitrosamine by the in vivo micronucleus test in mouse splenocytes
    • (1992) Mutation Res. , vol.280 , pp. 137-142
    • Benning1    Depasse2    Melcion3    Cordier4
  • 26
    • 0018116068 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide-induced oncogenic transformation, chromosomal breakage, and sister chromatid exchange following microsomal activation
    • (1978) Cancer Res. , vol.38 , pp. 2922-2924
    • Benedict1    Banerjee2    Venkatesan3
  • 27
    • 0023904751 scopus 로고
    • N-(2-major hydroxyethyl)-N-[2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl]amine, the putative DNA adduct of cyclophosphamide in vitro and in vivo in the rat
    • (1988) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.37 , pp. 2979-2985
    • Benson1    Martin2    Garner3
  • 28
    • 0023907605 scopus 로고
    • Activity of germ-cell mutagens and nonmutagens in the rat spermatocyte UDS assay
    • (1988) Mutation Res. , vol.203 , pp. 135-142
    • Bentley1    Working2
  • 32
    • 0015517729 scopus 로고
    • Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in human leukocytes
    • (1972) Science , vol.178 , pp. 315-316
    • Bosbee1    Shaw2
  • 33
    • 0022558349 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic observation of the intracellular transformations of oncostatic cyclophosphamide metabolites
    • (1986) J. Med. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 1206-1210
    • Boyd1    Robbins2    Egan3    Ludeman4
  • 35
    • 0023221362 scopus 로고
    • Development of an intact hepatocyte activation system for routine use with the mouse lymphoma assay
    • (1987) Environ. Mutagen. , vol.9 , pp. 331-341
    • Brock1    Moore2    Oglesby3
  • 38
    • 0017345762 scopus 로고
    • 3-Methylcholanthrene induces monooxygenase (O-deethylation) activity of human lymphocytes
    • (1977) Cancer Res. , vol.37 , pp. 460-463
    • Burke1    Mayer2    Kouri3
  • 39
    • 0015955093 scopus 로고
    • Translocations the predominant cause of total sterility in sons of mice treated with mutagens
    • (1974) Genetics , vol.76 , pp. 73-91
    • Cacheiro1    Russell2    Swartout3
  • 41
    • 0025748742 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide-associated carcinoma of urothelium: modalities for prevention
    • (1991) Urology , vol.38 , pp. 413-416
    • Cannon1    Linke2    Cos3
  • 42
    • 0027369366 scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide by cytochromes P-450 2B and 3A in human liver microsomes
    • (1993) Cancer Res. , vol.53 , pp. 1-9
    • Chang1    Weber2    Crespi3    Waxman4
  • 46
    • 0018426870 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic effects of diethylstilbestrol-diphosphate (Des-dp) on mouse bone marrow monitored by the micronucleus test
    • (1979) Mutation Res. , vol.67 , pp. 157-160
    • Chrisman1    Baumgartner2
  • 48
    • 0015255225 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of spermatogenesis in mammals: seminiferous epithelium cycle and spermatogonial renewal
    • (1972) Physiol. Rev. , vol.52 , pp. 198-236
    • Clermont1
  • 49
    • 0020660041 scopus 로고
    • Short-term tests for transplacentally active carcinogens. A comparison of sister-chromatid exchange and the micronucleus test in mouse foetal liver crythroblasts
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.113 , pp. 61-75
    • Cole1    Cole2    Henderson3    Taylor4    Arlett5    Regan6
  • 51
    • 0018749594 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide cystitis — identification of acrolein as the causative agent
    • (1979) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.28 , pp. 2045-2049
    • Cox1
  • 53
    • 0022452407 scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity, DNA cross-linking, and single strand breaks induced by activated cyclophosphamide and acrolein in human leukemia cells
    • (1986) Cancer Res. , vol.46 , pp. 5029-5034
    • Crook1    Souhami2    McLean3
  • 54
    • 79960043703 scopus 로고
    • Genetic effects of cyclophosphamide in the germ cells of male mice
    • (1971) Genetics. , vol.68 , Issue.14 S
    • Cumming1    Walton2
  • 55
  • 56
    • 0027406167 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of chemicals to mutagenic carcinogens by human hepatoma microsomal extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells (in vitro)
    • (1993) Mutagenesis , vol.8 , pp. 11-15
    • Darroudi1    Natarajan2
  • 60
    • 0022253307 scopus 로고
    • In vitro assays of in vivo exposure to cyclophosphamide: Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes, bone-marrow cells and in cultured cells exposed to plasma
    • (1985) Mutation Res. , vol.158 , pp. 97-104
    • Dearfield1    Jacobson-Kram2    Buenaventura3    Williams4
  • 62
    • 0020578008 scopus 로고
    • Influence of various mitogens on the yield of sister-chromatid exchanges, induced by chemicals, in human lymphocytes
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.111 , pp. 161-170
    • Deknudt1    Kamra2
  • 69
    • 0019843744 scopus 로고
    • Investigations into sister chromatid exchanges in patients under cytostatic therapy
    • (1981) Hum. Genet. , vol.58 , pp. 198-203
    • Düker1
  • 72
    • 0023877184 scopus 로고
    • Induction of specific-locus and dominant-lethal mutations by cyclophosphamide and combined cyclophosphamide-radiation treatments
    • (1988) Mutation Res. , vol.199 , pp. 21-30
    • Ehling1    Neuhäuser-Klaus2
  • 74
    • 0017764602 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of post-implantation development of mouse blastocysts in vitro after cyclophosphamide treatments in vivo
    • (1977) Nature , vol.270 , pp. 54-56
    • Eibs1    Spielmann2
  • 75
    • 0020574589 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical prophage inducation assay: a rapid test for antitumor agents that interact with DNA
    • (1983) Cancer Res. , vol.43 , pp. 2819-2830
    • Elespuru1    White2
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0017659752 scopus 로고
    • The mammalian spot test (Fellfleckentest) with mice
    • (1977) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.38 , pp. 87-98
    • Fahrig1
  • 84
    • 0015618139 scopus 로고
    • Embryolethality in the mouse following treatment of males with cyclophosphamide at specific germ cell stages
    • (1973) Agents Actions , vol.3 , pp. 35-37
    • Fritz1    Muller2    Hess3
  • 85
    • 0017894459 scopus 로고
    • Sister chromatid exchanges induced by cyclophosphamide in V79 cells cultured in difusion chambers in mice
    • (1978) Mutation Res. , vol.57 , pp. 233-239
    • Furukawa1    Huang2
  • 88
  • 90
    • 0000499793 scopus 로고
    • Inducibility by chemical mutagens of heritable translocations in male and female germ cells of mice
    • W.G. Flamm, M.A. Mehlman, Mutagenesis Hemisphere, Washington, DC
    • (1978) Advances in Modern Toxicology , vol.5 , pp. 109-129
    • Generoso1    Cain2    Huff3
  • 94
    • 0024245628 scopus 로고
    • Acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia following short-term, intermittent, intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment of lupus nephritis
    • (1988) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.31 , pp. 1552-1554
    • Gibbons1    Westerman2
  • 95
    • 0016694435 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between experimental results in mammals and man. I. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow injury induced by a single dose of CO
    • (1975) Mutation Res. , vol.31 , pp. 247-254
    • Goetz1    Srám2    Dohnalova3
  • 97
    • 0020526347 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide on micronucleus incidence in bone marrow and colon
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.109 , pp. 91-98
    • Goldberg1    Blakey2    Bruce3
  • 101
    • 0023814716 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypically deficient elimination of carboxyphosphamide after cyclophosphamide administration to cancer patients
    • (1988) Cancer Res. , vol.48 , pp. 5167-5173
    • Hadidi1    Coulter2    Idle3
  • 102
    • 0025321607 scopus 로고
    • Reversibility of the effects of chronic paternal exposure to cyclophosphamide on pregnancy outcome in rats
    • (1990) Mutation Res. , vol.229 , pp. 129-134
    • Hales1    Robaire2
  • 105
    • 0015977236 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome aberrations in metaphase II oocytes: Stage sensitivity in the mouse oogenesis to amethopterin and cyclophosphamide
    • (1974) Mutation Res. , vol.22 , pp. 175-191
    • Hansmann1
  • 106
    • 0022273488 scopus 로고
    • Future directions in the use of DNA adducts as dosimeters for monitoring human exposure to environmental mutagens and carcinogens
    • (1985) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.62 , pp. 185-191
    • Harris1
  • 107
    • 0020534259 scopus 로고
    • Induction of micronuclei in the mouse, Revised timing of the final stage of erythropoiesis
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.120 , pp. 127-132
    • Hart1    Hartley-Asp2
  • 109
    • 0022358539 scopus 로고
    • Binding of metabolites of cyclophosphamide to DNA in a rat liver microsomal system and in vivo in mice
    • (1985) Cancer Res. , vol.45 , pp. 4237-4243
    • Hemminki1
  • 110
    • 0019351791 scopus 로고
    • Screening of carcinogens with the prophage lambdaclts857 induction test
    • (1981) Cancer Res. , vol.41 , pp. 532-536
    • Ho1    Ho2
  • 113
    • 0019169620 scopus 로고
    • An in vitro metabolic activation assay using liver microsomes in diffusion chambers: induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations by cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide in cultured human and Chinese hamster cells
    • (1980) Carcinogenesis , vol.1 , pp. 37-40
    • Huang1    McKernan2    Pantano3    Sirianni4
  • 115
    • 0020470361 scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection of mutagen induced micronucleated erythrocytes by flow cytometry
    • (1982) Histochemistry , vol.75 , pp. 353-362
    • Hutter1    Stöhr2
  • 116
    • 84910913093 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of HPRT-deficient lymphocytes in mouse (spleen) and man (peripheral blood)
    • (1992) Mutagenesis , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 160
    • Huttner1
  • 119
    • 0019372610 scopus 로고
    • Differential inducibility of chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges by indirect mutagens in various mammalian cell lines
    • (1981) Mutation Res. , vol.90 , pp. 149-161
    • Ikeuchi1    Sasaki2
  • 124
    • 0020069323 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of results from a collaborative study of the dominant lethal assay
    • (1982) Mutation Res. , vol.97 , pp. 303-314
    • James1    Smith2
  • 125
    • 0015459166 scopus 로고
    • Phenobarbital effects on cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics in man
    • (1972) Cancer Res. , vol.32 , pp. 2761-2764
    • Jao1    Jusko2    Cohen3
  • 126
    • 0025342240 scopus 로고
    • Malformed foetuses and karyotype abnormalities in the offspring of cyclophosphamide and allyl alcohol-treated male rats
    • (1990) Mutation Res. , vol.229 , pp. 173-184
    • Jenkinson1    Anderson2
  • 132
    • 0018673783 scopus 로고
    • Transplacental mutagenesis: The micronucleus test on fetal mouse blood
    • (1979) Hum. Genet. , vol.51 , pp. 183-194
    • King1    Wild2
  • 133
    • 0022004061 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of cancer in rheumatoid arthritis and other disorders after immunosuppressive treatment
    • (1985) Am. J. Med. , vol.78 , pp. 44-49
    • Kinlen1
  • 134
    • 0018887665 scopus 로고
    • The mammalian spot test and its use for the testing of potential carcinogenicity of welding fume particles and hexavalent chromium
    • (1980) Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.47 , pp. 66-70
    • Knudsen1
  • 135
    • 0017326305 scopus 로고
    • A proposed method for the simultaneous detection of germ-cell mutations leading to fetal death (dominant lethality) and of malformations (male teratogenicity) in mammals
    • (1977) Mutation Res. , vol.48 , pp. 267-270
    • Knudsen1    Hansen2    Meyer3    Poulsen4
  • 137
    • 0018903064 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal analysis in bone-marrow cells of Chinese hamsters after treatment with mycotoxins
    • (1980) Mutation Res. , vol.78 , pp. 41-49
    • Korte1
  • 139
    • 0024581890 scopus 로고
    • Use of the cytokinesis-block method for the analysis of micronuclei in V79 Chinese hamster lung cells: results with mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide
    • (1989) Mutation Res. , vol.222 , pp. 63-69
    • Krishna1    Kropko2    Theiss3
  • 142
    • 0020964249 scopus 로고
    • Micronuclei induced during meiosis by ethyl methanesulfonate, cyclophosphamide and dimethylbenzanthracene in male rats
    • (1983) Mutation Research Letters , vol.120 , pp. 257-260
    • Lähdetie1
  • 146
    • 0027688024 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of three short-term assays: results on seven chemicals, potential contribution to the control of water genotoxicity
    • (1993) Mutation Res. , vol.319 , pp. 223-236
    • Le Curieux1    Marzin2    Erb3
  • 148
    • 0020610313 scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicologie. Comparaison, in vivo, des propriétés clastogéniques du busulfan et du cyclophosphamide
    • (1983) C.R. Soc. Biol. , vol.177 , pp. 239-242
    • Léonard1    Deknudt2
  • 152
    • 0019239556 scopus 로고
    • Clastogen-induced micronuclei in peripheral bood erythrocytes: The basis of an improved micronucleus test
    • (1980) Environ. Mutagen. , vol.2 , pp. 509-514
    • MacGregor1    Wehr2    Gould3
  • 153
    • 0016749546 scopus 로고
    • Experiences with the dominant lethal test in female mice: Effects of alkylating agents and artificial sweeteners on pre-ovulatory oocyte stages
    • (1975) Mutation Res. , vol.29 , pp. 209-214
    • Machemer1    Lorke2
  • 155
    • 0017078197 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of cyclohexylamine on spermatogonia of the Chinese hamster
    • (1976) Mutation Res. , vol.40 , pp. 243-250
    • Machemer1    Lorke2
  • 156
    • 0017882980 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenicity studies with praziquantel, a new anthelmintic drug, in mammalian systems
    • (1978) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.39 , pp. 187-197
    • Machemer1    Lorke2
  • 157
    • 0019869098 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of experimental parameters in an S9/human leukocyte SCE test with cyclophosphamide
    • (1981) Mutation Res. , vol.85 , pp. 347-356
    • Madle1
  • 158
    • 0017651716 scopus 로고
    • In vitro testing of indirect mutagen (CP) with human leukocytes culture. Activation with liver microsomes and use of dialysis bag
    • (1977) Mutation Res. , vol.56 , pp. 101-104
    • Madle1    Obe2
  • 159
    • 0017926897 scopus 로고
    • In vitro testing of an indirect mutagen (cyclophosphamide) with human leukocyte cultures. Activation by a non-enzymatic hydroxylation system (Udenfriend system)
    • (1978) Mutation Res. , vol.49 , pp. 149-151
    • Madle1    Obe2
  • 165
    • 0017617901 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of ‘unscheduled’ DNA synthesis in HeLa cells by liquid scintillation counting after carcinogen treatment
    • (1977) Cancer Lett. , vol.2 , pp. 355-360
    • Martin1    McDermid2    Garner3
  • 166
    • 0018147221 scopus 로고
    • Testing of known carcinogens and noncarcinogens for their ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in HeLa cells
    • (1978) Cancer Res. , vol.38 , pp. 2621-2627
    • Martin1    McDermid2    Garner3
  • 171
    • 0019947027 scopus 로고
    • Trapping of DNA-reactive metabolites of therapeutic or carcinogenic agents by carbon-14-labelled synthetic polynucleotides
    • (1982) Cancer Res. , vol.42 , pp. 2996-2999
    • Mehta1    Ludlum2
  • 181
    • 0019361591 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prolonged chemical treatment with cyclophosphamide and 6-mercaptopurine in the dominant lethal test system
    • (1981) Mutation Res. , vol.90 , pp. 193-199
    • Moreland1    Sheu2    Springer3    Green4
  • 187
  • 189
    • 0017657234 scopus 로고
    • In vivo cytogenetic studies of 10-chloro-11b-(2-fluorophenyl)-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3,5,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo-[3,2-d] [1,4] benzodiazepine-6(7H)-one (MS-4101) on rat bone marrow cells
    • (1977) Folia Pharmacol. Japon. , vol.73 , pp. 651-656
    • Neda1    Yamamoto2    Sato3    Sawai4    Ishimura5
  • 193
    • 0020606635 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of styrene by erythrocytes detected as increased sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes
    • (1983) Cancer Res. , vol.43 , pp. 3579-3582
    • Norppa1    Vainio2    Sorsa3
  • 194
    • 0000246013 scopus 로고
    • Germ cell toxicity: significance in genetic and fertility effects of radiation and chemicals
    • E.H.Y. Chu, W.M. Generoso, Plenum Press, New York
    • (1983) Mutation, Cancer, and Malformation , pp. 549-590
    • Oakberg1
  • 199
    • 0020657748 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic observations in mouse secondary spermatocytes on numerical and structural chromosome aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide in various stages of spermatogenesis
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.119 , pp. 177-183
    • Pacchierotti1    Bellincampi2    Civitareale3
  • 200
    • 0001770790 scopus 로고
    • Genetic effects of pesticides in the mammalian cells. I. Induction of micronucleus
    • (1977) Korean J. Zool. , vol.20 , pp. 19-28
    • Paik1    Yong Lee2
  • 201
    • 0025336340 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and pulmonary toxicity of cyclophosphamide
    • (1990) Pharmac. Ther. , vol.47 , pp. 137-146
    • Patel1
  • 203
    • 0018907439 scopus 로고
    • Inducibility of somatic colour and white spots in the mammalian spot test
    • (1980) Mutation Res. , vol.70 , pp. 103-108
    • Peter1
  • 204
    • 0019303295 scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of different tests for determining the mutagenicity of certain factors in mammals, II. Frequency of abnormal sperm heads in mice exposed to various factors
    • (1981) Genetika , vol.16 , pp. 1397-1403
    • Pomerantseva1    Ramaiya2    Vilkina3
  • 205
    • 0026555388 scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of cyclophosphamide on progeny outcome can be mediated through post-testicular mechanisms in the rat
    • (1992) Biol. Reprod. , vol.46 , pp. 926-931
    • Qiu1    Hales2    Robaire3
  • 208
    • 0018147418 scopus 로고
    • Sister chromatid exchange studies for monitoring DNA damage and repair capacity after cytostatics in vitro and in lymphocytes of leukaemic patients under cytostatic therapy
    • (1978) Mutation Res. , vol.57 , pp. 241-251
    • Raposa1
  • 209
    • 0021668508 scopus 로고
    • SCE induction by cytostatics and its relation to iatrogenic leukemogenesis
    • (1984) Basic Life Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 859-884
    • Raposa1
  • 210
    • 0016830741 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic effects of cyclophosphamide on mouse spermatogonia
    • (1975) Humangenetik , vol.29 , pp. 135-140
    • Rathenberg1
  • 211
    • 0015356121 scopus 로고
    • Comparative cytogenetic studies of the influence of phenylbutazone and cyclophosphamide on spermatogenesis in the mouse
    • (1972) Agents Actions , vol.2 , pp. 180-185
    • Rathenberg1    Muller2
  • 217
    • 0017138182 scopus 로고
    • Investigations on the frequency of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of Chinese hamsters after simultaneous application of caffeine and cyclophosphamide
    • (1976) Hum. Genet. , vol.33 , pp. 113-119
    • Röhrborn1    Buckel2
  • 218
    • 0017623189 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic investigations of mammals, comparison of the genetic activity of cytostatics in mammals
    • (1977) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.38 , pp. 35-43
    • Röhrborn1    Basler2
  • 221
    • 0018305532 scopus 로고
    • Effects of various cyclophosphamide concentrations in vivo on sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosome aberrations of Chinese hamster bone marrow cells
    • (1979) Human Genetics , vol.46 , pp. 51-55
    • Roszinsky-Köcher1    Röhrborn2
  • 228
    • 0023924241 scopus 로고
    • Application of new techniques for the detection of carcinogen adducts to human population
    • (1988) Mutation Res. , vol.205 , pp. 271-282
    • Santella1
  • 230
    • 0020559566 scopus 로고
    • A rapid screen for cumulative chromosomal damage in mice accumulation of circulating micronucleated erythrocytes
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.113 , pp. 481-487
    • Schlegel1    MacGregor2
  • 232
    • 0014976714 scopus 로고
    • Chemical mutagenesis, The Chinese hamster bone marrow as an in vivo test system, I. Cytogenetic results on basic aspects of the methodology, obtained with alkylating agents
    • (1971) Humangenetik , vol.11 , pp. 103-118
    • Schmid1    Arakari2    Breslau3    Culbertson4
  • 236
    • 0021260240 scopus 로고
    • Non breeding-test methods for dominant skeletal mutations shown by ethylnitrosourea to be easily applicable to offspring examined in specific locus tests experiments
    • (1984) Mutation Res. , vol.127 , pp. 93-105
    • Selby1    Niemann2
  • 237
    • 0023490067 scopus 로고
    • Effect of mitomycin-C and cyclophosphamide on the polytene chromosomes of Anopheles stephensi (Culicidae: Diptera)
    • (1987) Cytobios , vol.52 , pp. 153-160
    • Sharma1    Sobti2    Chaudhry3    Dhar4
  • 241
    • 0026558451 scopus 로고
    • Species differences in the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide and styrene in three in vivo assays
    • (1992) Mutation Res. , vol.271 , pp. 49-58
    • Simula1    Priestly2
  • 242
    • 0021273314 scopus 로고
    • Alkaline elution of rat testicular DNA: Detection of DNA cross-links after in vivo treatment with chemical mutagens
    • (1984) Mutation Res. , vol.130 , pp. 295-303
    • Skare1    Schrotel2
  • 244
    • 0026017740 scopus 로고
    • Cooxidation of cyclophosphamide as an alternative pathway for its bioactivation and lung toxicity
    • (1991) Cancer Res. , vol.51 , pp. 542-548
    • Smith1    Kehrer2
  • 245
    • 0017683731 scopus 로고
    • Some problems associated with the testing for environmental mutagens and a perspective for studies in comparative mutagenesis
    • (1977) Mutation Res. , vol.46 , pp. 245-260
    • Sobels1
  • 246
    • 0002723343 scopus 로고
    • The parallelogram: An indirect approach for the assessment of genetic risks from chemical mutagens
    • K.C. Bora, G.R. Douglas, E.R. Nestman
    • (1982) Progress in Mutation Res. , vol.3 , pp. 323-327
    • Sobels1
  • 248
  • 249
    • 0016440019 scopus 로고
    • Induction of translocations by cyclophosphamide in different germ cell stages of male mice: Cytological characterization and transmission
    • (1975) Mutation Res. , vol.27 , pp. 375-388
    • Sotomayor1    Cumming2
  • 250
    • 0017839042 scopus 로고
    • Unscheduled DNA synthesis in spermatogenic cells of mice treated in vivo with the indirect alkylating agents cyclophosphamide and mitomen
    • (1978) Mutation Res. , vol.50 , pp. 229-240
    • Sotomayor1    Sega2    Cumming3
  • 251
    • 0021125859 scopus 로고
    • In vitro assesment of pharmacogenetic susceptibility to toxic drug metabolites in human
    • (1984) Fed. Proc. , vol.43 , pp. 2308-2313
    • Spielberg1
  • 253
    • 0019399186 scopus 로고
    • Change in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow of mice examined at various intervals after a single dose or continuous exposure to cyclophosphamide
    • (1981) Folia Biol. , vol.27 , pp. 58-64
    • Srám1    Zhurkov2    Novakova3    Kovytkova4
  • 255
    • 0017820591 scopus 로고
    • Testing in vitro of an indirect mutagen (cyclophosphamide) with human leukocyte cultures: Activation by liver perfusion and by incubation with crude liver homogenate
    • (1978) Mutation Res. , vol.51 , pp. 95-99
    • Stephan1    Dieter2    Volkhard3    Günter4
  • 256
    • 0017054606 scopus 로고
    • Sister chromatid exchange as an assay for genetic damage induced by mutagencarcinogens. I. In vivo test for compounds requiring metabolic activation
    • (1976) Mutation Res. , vol.41 , pp. 333-342
    • Stetka1    Wolff2
  • 257
    • 0017029816 scopus 로고
    • Sister chromatid exchange as an assay for genetic damage induced by mutagencarcinogens, II. In vitro test for compounds requiring metabolic activation
    • (1976) Mutation Res. , vol.41 , pp. 343-350
    • Stetka1    Wolff2
  • 258
    • 0021028324 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the incidence of micronuclei in blood and bone marrow in 3 strain of mouse dosed with cyclophosphamide or hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA)
    • (1983) Mutation Res. , vol.122 , pp. 143-147
    • Styles1    Richardson2    Burlinson3
  • 262
    • 0026452277 scopus 로고
    • Validation studies with the micronucleus test for early spermatids of rats. A tool for detecting clastogenicity of chemicals in differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes
    • (1992) Mutagenesis , vol.7 , pp. 411-419
    • Tates1
  • 265
    • 0018907261 scopus 로고
    • Chemically induced transmissible abnormalities in sperm-head shape
    • (1980) Mutation Res. , vol.70 , pp. 109-114
    • Topham1
  • 266
    • 0018892133 scopus 로고
    • The detection of carcinogen-induced sperm head abnormalities in mice
    • (1980) Mutation Res. , vol.69 , pp. 149-155
    • Topham1
  • 267
    • 0020433964 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic examination of bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocytes in rats exposed to cyclophosphamide
    • (1982) Folia Biol. (Phraha) , vol.28 , pp. 302-310
    • Topinková1    Srám2
  • 268
    • 0021798827 scopus 로고
    • Paternal cyclophosphamide treatment of rats causes fetal loss and malformations without affecting male fertility
    • (1985) Nature , vol.316 , pp. 144-146
    • Trasler1    Hales2    Robaire3
  • 270
    • 0016271240 scopus 로고
    • A sensitive method to measure ‘unscheduled DNA synthesis’ in rapidly dividing eukaryotic cells
    • (1974) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.88 , pp. 47-55
    • Trosko1    Yager2
  • 276
    • 0021950942 scopus 로고
    • Alkylating agents and mouse spermatogenesis: Effects of a single dose of cyclophosphamide
    • (1985) Andrologia , vol.17 , pp. 276-282
    • Vigil1    Bustos-Obregon2
  • 278
    • 0027534655 scopus 로고
    • Performance of 181 chemicals in a Drosophila assay predominantly monitoring interchromosomal mitotic recombination
    • (1993) Mutagenesis , vol.8 , pp. 57-81
    • Vogel1    Nivard2
  • 281
    • 0019769657 scopus 로고
    • Identification of three alkylated nucleotide adducts from the reaction of guanosine-5′-monophosphate with phosphoramide mustard
    • (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.103 , pp. 7362-7364
    • Vu1    Fenselau2    Colvin3
  • 283
    • 84910883764 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of Anti-Cancer Drugs with Cytochromes P450 and Glutatione S-Transferases: Drug Activation and Drug Resistance Mechanisms
    • (1993) ISSX Proceedings , pp. 17-21
    • Waxman1    Chang2    Chen3
  • 284
    • 0027174822 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the anti-cancer drug ifosphamide by rat liver microsomal P450 enzymes
    • (1993) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.45 , pp. 1685-1694
    • Weber1    Waxman2
  • 285
    • 0018839850 scopus 로고
    • A method utilizing human lymphocytes with in vitro metabolic activation for assessing chemical mutagenicity by SCE analysis
    • (1980) Mutation Res. , vol.69 , pp. 283-291
    • White1    Hesketh2
  • 286
    • 0017873661 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic effects in the mouse of 17 chemical mutagens and carcinogens evaluated by the micronucleus test
    • (1978) Mutation Res. , vol.56 , pp. 319-327
    • Wild1
  • 287
    • 0021326822 scopus 로고
    • Sister chromatid exchange induction in mouse B- and T- lymphocytes exposed to cyclophosphamide in vitro and in vivo
    • (1984) Cancer Res. , vol.44 , pp. 880-884
    • Wilmer1    Erexson2    Kligerman3
  • 291
    • 0025765752 scopus 로고
    • Additional data in support of the quadruplicated white-ivory reversion system to test for somatic genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster
    • (1991) Mutation Res. , vol.252 , pp. 305-312
    • Xamena1    Egido2    Velazquez3    Creus4    Marcos5
  • 293
    • 0018894285 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of diameters of micronuclei induced by clastogens and by spindle poisons
    • (1980) Mutation Res. , vol.71 , pp. 127-131
    • Yamamoto1    Kikuchi2
  • 294
    • 0019377551 scopus 로고
    • Studies on micronuclei time response and on the effects of multiple treatments of mutagens on induction of micronuclei
    • (1981) Mutation Res. , vol.90 , pp. 163-173
    • Yamamoto1    Kikuchi2
  • 295
    • 0023266754 scopus 로고
    • Aneuploidy determination in C-banded mouse metaphase II oocytes following cyclophosphamide treatment in vivo
    • (1987) Mutation Res. , vol.179 , pp. 209-214
    • Yuan1    Mailhes2
  • 297
    • 0017964035 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of dominant lethal mutations in male mice exposed for different periods to cyclophosphamide in drinking water
    • (1978) Genetika , vol.14 , pp. 824-828
    • Zhurkov1    Srám2
  • 298
    • 0020107024 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-wave ultraviolet radiation on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow cells
    • (1982) Tsitol. Genet. , vol.16 , pp. 6-9
    • Zhurkov1    Il'in2    Prokaopenko3
  • 299
    • 0023715968 scopus 로고
    • The ratio of induced recessive lethals to ring-x loss has prognostic value in terms of functionality of chemical mutagens in Drosophila melanogaster
    • (1988) Mutation Res. , vol.201 , pp. 27-38
    • Zijlstra1    Vogel2
  • 300
    • 0019405086 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide-induced spermatogenic effects detected in the F1 generation by behavioral testing
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 80-82
    • Adams1    Fabricant2    Legator3
  • 307
    • 84910164429 scopus 로고
    • Die Induktion von chromosomenaberrationen durch Mitomen und Endoxan bei Vicia faba und der Transportform-Wirkform-Mechanismus
    • (1961) Biol. Zbl. , vol.80 , pp. 301-317
    • Michaelis1    Rieger2
  • 309
    • 0013991640 scopus 로고
    • Über den Einfluss von Trenimon und Endoxan auf die Meiose der männlichen Maus: II Cytogenetische befunde nach behandlung mit trenimon und Endoxan
    • (1966) Humangenetik , vol.3 , pp. 134-155
    • Schleiermacher1
  • 311
    • 0025255675 scopus 로고
    • Small testicles with impaired production of sperm in adult male survivors of childhood malignancies
    • (1990) Cancer , pp. 1303-1306
    • Siimes1    Rautonen2
  • 313
    • 0022627447 scopus 로고
    • Chronic low dose cyclophosphamide treatment of adult male rats: effect on fertility, pregnancy outcome and progeny
    • (1986) Biol. Reprod. , vol.34 , pp. 275-283
    • Trasler1    Hales2    Robaire3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.